Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
1. 這個(gè)寓言是一個(gè)關(guān)于一位國(guó)王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用這個(gè)故事讓讀者對(duì)于社區(qū)的問(wèn)題負(fù)有個(gè)人責(zé)任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 這個(gè)故事十分成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語(yǔ)。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分,只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
點(diǎn)撥:旅游地旅游資源的特色不同,可以安排的旅游活動(dòng)是不一樣的,直接影響對(duì)旅游者的吸引力。因此,出游前首先就需要收集旅游地旅游資源的類(lèi)型、主要游覽景區(qū)、景點(diǎn)的特色等情況。旅游地的時(shí)空可達(dá)性直接關(guān)系到旅游者從出發(fā)地到旅游地,然后再返回出發(fā)地的費(fèi)用和時(shí)間。一般來(lái)說(shuō),居住地與旅游地之間的空間距離過(guò)大,會(huì)使旅行的時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)、旅行費(fèi)用過(guò)高,經(jīng)濟(jì)距離增加,相應(yīng)地降低了旅游者的出游能力。而居住地與旅游地相距遙遠(yuǎn),也意味著兩地之間巨大的環(huán)境差異,這會(huì)增加對(duì)游客的吸引力。旅游服務(wù)設(shè)施和條件,如旅游交通方式及工具、旅游住宿條件、旅游餐飲的種類(lèi)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、導(dǎo)游服務(wù)、旅行費(fèi)用等信息也都在一定程度上影響著游客的選擇。圖5.3西藏布達(dá)拉宮和圖5.4云南香格里拉兩幅圖片顯示了西藏布達(dá)拉宮、云南香格里拉與眾不同的優(yōu)美景觀,吸引了眾多的游客前來(lái)觀光旅游,成為近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)旅游的熱點(diǎn)。
本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書(shū)數(shù)學(xué)必修1第四章第4.4.1節(jié)《對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念》。對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)是高中數(shù)學(xué)在指數(shù)函數(shù)之后的重要初等函數(shù)之一。對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)聯(lián)系密切,無(wú)論是研究的思想方法方法還是圖像及性質(zhì),都有其共通之處。相較于指數(shù)函數(shù),對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象亦有其獨(dú)特的美感。學(xué)習(xí)中讓學(xué)生體會(huì)在類(lèi)比推理,感受圖像的變化,認(rèn)識(shí)變化的規(guī)律,這是提高學(xué)生直觀想象能力的一個(gè)重要的過(guò)程。為之后學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)提供了更多角度的分析方法。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生邏輯推理、數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、和數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1、理解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的定義,會(huì)求對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的定義域;2、了解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)之間的聯(lián)系,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題和歸納問(wèn)題的思維能力以及數(shù)學(xué)交流能力;滲透類(lèi)比等基本數(shù)學(xué)思想方法。3、在學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)過(guò)程中,使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)事物的特殊性與一般性之間的關(guān)系,培養(yǎng)數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用的意識(shí),感受數(shù)學(xué)、理解數(shù)學(xué)、探索數(shù)學(xué),提高學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣。
對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)是相通的,本節(jié)在已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)指數(shù)函數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)實(shí)例總結(jié)歸納對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念,通過(guò)函數(shù)的形式與特征解決一些與對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)有關(guān)的問(wèn)題.課程目標(biāo)1、通過(guò)實(shí)際問(wèn)題了解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的實(shí)際背景;2、掌握對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念,并會(huì)判斷一些函數(shù)是否是對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù). 數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念;2.邏輯推理:用待定系數(shù)法求函數(shù)解析式及解析值;3.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:利用對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念求參數(shù);4.數(shù)學(xué)建模:通過(guò)由抽象到具體,由具體到一般的思想總結(jié)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)概念.重點(diǎn):理解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念和意義;難點(diǎn):理解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念.教學(xué)方法:以學(xué)生為主體,采用誘思探究式教學(xué),精講多練。教學(xué)工具:多媒體。一、 情景導(dǎo)入我們已經(jīng)研究了死亡生物體內(nèi)碳14的含量y隨死亡時(shí)間x的變化而衰減的規(guī)律.反過(guò)來(lái),已知死亡生物體內(nèi)碳14的含量,如何得知死亡了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間呢?進(jìn)一步地,死亡時(shí)間t是碳14的含量y的函數(shù)嗎?
客觀世界中的各種各樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化現(xiàn)象均可表現(xiàn)為變量間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,這種關(guān)系常??捎煤瘮?shù)模型來(lái)描述,并且通過(guò)研究函數(shù)模型就可以把我相應(yīng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化規(guī)律.課程目標(biāo)1、能夠找出簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)際問(wèn)題中的函數(shù)關(guān)系式,初步體會(huì)應(yīng)用一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)、分段函數(shù)模型解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題; 2、感受運(yùn)用函數(shù)概念建立模型的過(guò)程和方法,體會(huì)一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)、分段函數(shù)模型在數(shù)學(xué)和其他學(xué)科中的重要性. 數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:總結(jié)函數(shù)模型; 2.邏輯推理:找出簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)際問(wèn)題中的函數(shù)關(guān)系式,根據(jù)題干信息寫(xiě)出分段函數(shù); 3.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:結(jié)合函數(shù)圖象或其單調(diào)性來(lái)求最值. ; 4.數(shù)據(jù)分析:二次函數(shù)通過(guò)對(duì)稱(chēng)軸和定義域區(qū)間求最優(yōu)問(wèn)題; 5.數(shù)學(xué)建模:在具體問(wèn)題情境中,運(yùn)用數(shù)形結(jié)合思想,將自然語(yǔ)言用數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式表示出來(lái)。 重點(diǎn):運(yùn)用一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)、分段函數(shù)模型的處理實(shí)際問(wèn)題;難點(diǎn):運(yùn)用函數(shù)思想理解和處理現(xiàn)實(shí)生活和社會(huì)中的簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)題.
本節(jié)是新人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)必修1第1章第1節(jié)第3部分的內(nèi)容。在此之前,學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)了集合的含義以及集合與集合之間的基本關(guān)系,這為學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)內(nèi)容打下了基礎(chǔ)。本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要介紹集合的基本運(yùn)算一并集、交集、補(bǔ)集。是對(duì)集合基木知識(shí)的深入研究。在此,通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)膯?wèn)題情境,使學(xué)生感受、認(rèn)識(shí)并掌握集合的三種基本運(yùn)算。本節(jié)內(nèi)容是函數(shù)、方程、不等式的基礎(chǔ),在教材中起著承上啟下的作用。本節(jié)內(nèi)容是高中數(shù)學(xué)的主要內(nèi)容,也是高考的對(duì)象,在實(shí)踐中應(yīng)用廣泛,是高中學(xué)生必須掌握的重點(diǎn)。A.理解兩個(gè)集合的并集與交集的含義,會(huì)求簡(jiǎn)單集合的交、并運(yùn)算;B.理解補(bǔ)集的含義,會(huì)求給定子集的補(bǔ)集;C.能使用 圖表示集合的關(guān)系及運(yùn)算。 1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:集合交集、并集、補(bǔ)集的含義;2.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:集合的運(yùn)算;3.直觀想象:用 圖、數(shù)軸表示集合的關(guān)系及運(yùn)算。
本節(jié)內(nèi)容來(lái)自人教版高中數(shù)學(xué)必修一第一章第一節(jié)集合第二課時(shí)的內(nèi)容。集合論是現(xiàn)代數(shù)學(xué)的一個(gè)重要基礎(chǔ),是一個(gè)具有獨(dú)特地位的數(shù)學(xué)分支。高中數(shù)學(xué)課程是將集合作為一種語(yǔ)言來(lái)學(xué)習(xí),在這里它是作為刻畫(huà)函數(shù)概念的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和必備工具。本小節(jié)內(nèi)容是在學(xué)習(xí)了集合的含義、集合的表示方法以及元素與集合的屬于關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)集合與集合之間的關(guān)系,同時(shí)也是下一節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)集合間的基本運(yùn)算的基礎(chǔ),因此本小節(jié)起著承上啟下的關(guān)鍵作用.通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí),可以進(jìn)一步幫助學(xué)生利用集合語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交流的能力,幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成自主學(xué)習(xí)、合作交流、歸納總結(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生從具體到抽象、從一般到特殊的數(shù)學(xué)思維能力,通過(guò)Venn圖理解抽象概念,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)形結(jié)合思想。
第一節(jié)通過(guò)研究集合中元素的特點(diǎn)研究了元素與集合之間的關(guān)系及集合的表示方法,而本節(jié)重點(diǎn)通過(guò)研究元素得到兩個(gè)集合之間的關(guān)系,尤其學(xué)生學(xué)完兩個(gè)集合之間的關(guān)系后,一定讓學(xué)生明確元素與集合、集合與集合之間的區(qū)別。課程目標(biāo)1. 了解集合之間包含與相等的含義,能識(shí)別給定集合的子集.2. 理解子集.真子集的概念. 3. 能使用 圖表達(dá)集合間的關(guān)系,體會(huì)直觀圖示對(duì)理解抽象概念的作用。數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:子集和空集含義的理解;2.邏輯推理:子集、真子集、空集之間的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別;3.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:由集合間的關(guān)系求參數(shù)的范圍,常見(jiàn)包含一元二次方程及其不等式和不等式組;4.數(shù)據(jù)分析:通過(guò)集合關(guān)系列不等式組, 此過(guò)程中重點(diǎn)關(guān)注端點(diǎn)是否含“=”及 問(wèn)題;5.數(shù)學(xué)建模:用集合思想對(duì)實(shí)際生活中的對(duì)象進(jìn)行判斷與歸類(lèi)。
新知講授(一)——古典概型 對(duì)隨機(jī)事件發(fā)生可能性大小的度量(數(shù)值)稱(chēng)為事件的概率。我們將具有以上兩個(gè)特征的試驗(yàn)稱(chēng)為古典概型試驗(yàn),其數(shù)學(xué)模型稱(chēng)為古典概率模型,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)古典概型。即具有以下兩個(gè)特征:1、有限性:樣本空間的樣本點(diǎn)只有有限個(gè);2、等可能性:每個(gè)樣本點(diǎn)發(fā)生的可能性相等。思考一:下面的隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)是不是古典概型?(1)一個(gè)班級(jí)中有18名男生、22名女生。采用抽簽的方式,從中隨機(jī)選擇一名學(xué)生,事件A=“抽到男生”(2)拋擲一枚質(zhì)地均勻的硬幣3次,事件B=“恰好一次正面朝上”(1)班級(jí)中共有40名學(xué)生,從中選擇一名學(xué)生,即樣本點(diǎn)是有限個(gè);因?yàn)槭请S機(jī)選取的,所以選到每個(gè)學(xué)生的可能性都相等,因此這是一個(gè)古典概型。
9.例二:如圖,AB∩α=B,A?α, ?a.直線AB與a具有怎樣的位置關(guān)系?為什么?解:直線AB與a是異面直線。理由如下:若直線AB與a不是異面直線,則它們相交或平行,設(shè)它們確定的平面為β,則B∈β, 由于經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)B與直線a有且僅有一個(gè)平面α,因此平面平面α與β重合,從而 , 進(jìn)而A∈α,這與A?α矛盾。所以直線AB與a是異面直線。補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明:例二告訴我們一種判斷異面直線的方法:與一個(gè)平面相交的直線和這個(gè)平面內(nèi)不經(jīng)過(guò)交點(diǎn)的直線是異面直線。10. 例3 已知a,b,c是三條直線,如果a與b是異面直線,b與c是異面直線,那么a與c有怎樣的位置關(guān)系?并畫(huà)圖說(shuō)明.解: 直線a與直線c的位置關(guān)系可以是平行、相交、異面.如圖(1)(2)(3).總結(jié):判定兩條直線是異面直線的方法(1)定義法:由定義判斷兩條直線不可能在同一平面內(nèi).
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