二、直線與拋物線的位置關系設直線l:y=kx+m,拋物線:y2=2px(p>0),將直線方程與拋物線方程聯立整理成關于x的方程k2x2+2(km-p)x+m2=0.(1)若k≠0,當Δ>0時,直線與拋物線相交,有兩個交點;當Δ=0時,直線與拋物線相切,有一個切點;當Δ<0時,直線與拋物線相離,沒有公共點.(2)若k=0,直線與拋物線有一個交點,此時直線平行于拋物線的對稱軸或與對稱軸重合.因此直線與拋物線有一個公共點是直線與拋物線相切的必要不充分條件.二、典例解析例5.過拋物線焦點F的直線交拋物線于A、B兩點,通過點A和拋物線頂點的直線交拋物線的準線于點D,求證:直線DB平行于拋物線的對稱軸.【分析】設拋物線的標準方程為:y2=2px(p>0).設A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2).直線OA的方程為: = = ,可得yD= .設直線AB的方程為:my=x﹣ ,與拋物線的方程聯立化為y2﹣2pm﹣p2=0,
問題導學類比橢圓幾何性質的研究,你認為應該研究雙曲線x^2/a^2 -y^2/b^2 =1 (a>0,b>0),的哪些幾何性質,如何研究這些性質1、范圍利用雙曲線的方程求出它的范圍,由方程x^2/a^2 -y^2/b^2 =1可得x^2/a^2 =1+y^2/b^2 ≥1 于是,雙曲線上點的坐標( x , y )都適合不等式,x^2/a^2 ≥1,y∈R所以x≥a 或x≤-a; y∈R2、對稱性 x^2/a^2 -y^2/b^2 =1 (a>0,b>0),關于x軸、y軸和原點都是對稱。x軸、y軸是雙曲線的對稱軸,原點是對稱中心,又叫做雙曲線的中心。3、頂點(1)雙曲線與對稱軸的交點,叫做雙曲線的頂點 .頂點是A_1 (-a,0)、A_2 (a,0),只有兩個。(2)如圖,線段A_1 A_2 叫做雙曲線的實軸,它的長為2a,a叫做實半軸長;線段B_1 B_2 叫做雙曲線的虛軸,它的長為2b,b叫做雙曲線的虛半軸長。(3)實軸與虛軸等長的雙曲線叫等軸雙曲線4、漸近線(1)雙曲線x^2/a^2 -y^2/b^2 =1 (a>0,b>0),的漸近線方程為:y=±b/a x(2)利用漸近線可以較準確的畫出雙曲線的草圖
二、典例解析例4.如圖,雙曲線型冷卻塔的外形,是雙曲線的一部分,已知塔的總高度為137.5m,塔頂直徑為90m,塔的最小直徑(喉部直徑)為60m,喉部標高112.5m,試建立適當的坐標系,求出此雙曲線的標準方程(精確到1m)解:設雙曲線的標準方程為 ,如圖所示:為喉部直徑,故 ,故雙曲線方程為 .而 的橫坐標為塔頂直徑的一半即 ,其縱坐標為塔的總高度與喉部標高的差即 ,故 ,故 ,所以 ,故雙曲線方程為 .例5.已知點 到定點 的距離和它到定直線l: 的距離的比是 ,則點 的軌跡方程為?解:設點 ,由題知, ,即 .整理得: .請你將例5與橢圓一節(jié)中的例6比較,你有什么發(fā)現?例6、 過雙曲線 的右焦點F2,傾斜角為30度的直線交雙曲線于A,B兩點,求|AB|.分析:求弦長問題有兩種方法:法一:如果交點坐標易求,可直接用兩點間距離公式代入求弦長;法二:但有時為了簡化計算,常設而不求,運用韋達定理來處理.解:由雙曲線的方程得,兩焦點分別為F1(-3,0),F2(3,0).因為直線AB的傾斜角是30°,且直線經過右焦點F2,所以,直線AB的方程為
二、探究新知一、點到直線的距離、兩條平行直線之間的距離1.點到直線的距離已知直線l的單位方向向量為μ,A是直線l上的定點,P是直線l外一點.設(AP) ?=a,則向量(AP) ?在直線l上的投影向量(AQ) ?=(a·μ)μ.點P到直線l的距離為PQ=√(a^2 "-(" a"·" μ")" ^2 ).2.兩條平行直線之間的距離求兩條平行直線l,m之間的距離,可在其中一條直線l上任取一點P,則兩條平行直線間的距離就等于點P到直線m的距離.點睛:點到直線的距離,即點到直線的垂線段的長度,由于直線與直線外一點確定一個平面,所以空間點到直線的距離問題可轉化為空間某一個平面內點到直線的距離問題.1.已知正方體ABCD-A1B1C1D1的棱長為2,E,F分別是C1C,D1A1的中點,則點A到直線EF的距離為 . 答案: √174/6解析:如圖,以點D為原點,DA,DC,DD1所在直線分別為x軸、y軸、z軸建立空間直角坐標系,則A(2,0,0),E(0,2,1),F(1,0,2),(EF) ?=(1,-2,1),
三峽庫區(qū)農村移民安置根本出路是通過發(fā)展大農業(yè)來解決耕地不足,不應盲目開墾荒坡地,防止產生新的水土流失,盡量避免生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化。2、就地后靠,就近安置模式三峽庫區(qū)淹沒區(qū)線狀分布的受淹特點有別于一般水庫淹沒區(qū)的片狀分布,使得庫區(qū)移民具有相對分散的特點,且淹沒涉及的356個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)沒有一個被全淹,甚至全淹的村也很少,這有利于移民在本縣甚至本鄉(xiāng)就近后靠安置,避免了水庫移民大量外遷、遠遷所造成的種種困難和后遺癥。三峽移民搬遷大多可以就地后靠,就近安置,這是三峽移民的一大特色。就近后靠安置的優(yōu)點是不離本鄉(xiāng)本土,移民容易接受,且避免了移民大量外遷、遠遷所造成的困難和后遺癥;缺點是容易對當地的生態(tài)環(huán)境造成過大的壓力,如過度開墾坡地、破壞植被、加劇水土流失等。3、工程周期長,可從容安置移民三峽工程建設周期長(1994年~2009年,共17年),使得移民安置能夠及早進行,可以從容安置移民的生產和生活。
新知講授(一)——隨機試驗 我們把對隨機現象的實現和對它的觀察稱為隨機試驗,簡稱試驗,常用字母E表示。我們通常研究以下特點的隨機試驗:(1)試驗可以在相同條件下重復進行;(2)試驗的所有可能結果是明確可知的,并且不止一個;(3)每次試驗總是恰好出現這些可能結果中的一個,但事先不確定出現哪個結果。新知講授(二)——樣本空間思考一:體育彩票搖獎時,將10個質地和大小完全相同、分別標號0,1,2,...,9的球放入搖獎器中,經過充分攪拌后搖出一個球,觀察這個球的號碼。這個隨機試驗共有多少個可能結果?如何表示這些結果?根據球的號碼,共有10種可能結果。如果用m表示“搖出的球的號碼為m”這一結果,那么所有可能結果可用集合表示{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}.我們把隨機試驗E的每個可能的基本結果稱為樣本點,全體樣本點的集合稱為試驗E的樣本空間。
The activity theme of this section is to design various activities around the key words in the first text. Therefore, the activities require students to pay attention to the spelling of words. On the other hand, let students grasp the meaning of words more accurately through sentences and short texts. This kind of teaching design also helps to improve the ability of using English thinking.1. Cultivating students' ability to use word formation to induce and memorize vocabulary, and the ability to use lexical chunks to express meaning.2. Guide the students to think independently and use the correct form of words to complete sentences3. Cultivate students' habit of using lexical chunks to express language completely, guide students to draw words in sentences quickly, pay attention to word collocation, so as to accumulate more authentic expressions4. Instruct students to create sentences with the chunks.1. Enable students to use the language points in the real situation or specific contexts flexibly and appropriately.2. Guiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Think of a word that best fits each definition.1. to remember sth2.to accept, admit, or recognize sth or the truth/existence of sth3. the process of changing sth or yourself to suit a new situation4 .to make sb feel less worried or unhappy5. a strong desire to achieve sth
【詞匯精講】highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;強調;使醒目One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.這次旅行的亮點之一是參觀泰姬陵。Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.你的簡歷應該突出你的技能和成就。The report highlights the major problems facing society today.報告強調了當今社會所面臨的主要問題。I’ve highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黃色標出了重要段落。7.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily temperatures averaging -10 ℃.埃德蒙頓冬季寒冷,日平均氣溫為-10°C。【詞匯精講】freezing adj.極冷的;冰凍的Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather.在冰凍的天氣里,放一盆水在室外。It’s freezing cold outside so wear a warm coat.外面超冷的,所以穿一個暖和一點的外套吧。8.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9時30分,他們才終于到達多倫多的首府安大略省?!揪涫狡饰觥勘揪涫且粋€強調句,強調的是句子的時間狀語until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的強調句為It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那時我才突然意識到沒有人比我更幸福了。
你校英語報計劃出版一期急救常識專刊,現面向全校學生公開征集稿件,你有意參加。請你根據下面提示內容,用英語寫一篇短文,介紹在車禍現場對傷者進行急救的方法和步驟。1.確?,F場的安全;2.詢問傷者,確保其呼吸正常;3.檢查傷口,如流血則應采取止血措施;4.如需急救,確保其處于康復位置。注意:1.詞數80左右;2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:康復位置 recovery positionAs we all know, having a knowledge of first aid can make a great difference in our daily life. If a traffic accident happens and someone is injured, the following steps can be used to treat the injured.In the first place, we should make sure that the accident scene is safe so that we won’t get hurt. We should ask the injured person if he is OK, and see if he is breathing. What’s more, we should check for cuts and wounds. If he is bleeding badly, it is vital that we should try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury. This is because if a person loses too much blood, he may die. If necessary, take the injured person to the hospital as soon as possible.Do remember: when giving first aid, please be sure to place the person in a recovery position.
Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______(read) lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________(build) a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19yearold Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.
The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply
This section guides students to pay attention to the typical context of vocabulary use, helps students accumulate vocabulary around the key vocabulary of this unit, and uses the learned words and word chunks in different contexts to deeply understand their meaning and usage, so as to achieve the purpose of review and consolidation.The teaching design activities aim to guide students to pay attention to the typical context in which the target vocabulary is used, as well as the common vocabulary used in collocation, so that students can complete the sentence with correct words. In terms of vocabulary learning strategies, this unit focuses on cultivating students' ability to pay attention to collocation of words and to use word blocks to express meaning.For vocabulary learning, it is not enough just to know the meaning of a single word, but the most important thing is to master the common collocations of words, namely word blocks.Teachers should timely guide students to summarize common vocabulary collocation, such as verb and noun collocation, verb and preposition collocation, preposition and noun collocation, and so on.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.
假定你是英國的Jack,打算來中國旅行,請你給你的中國筆友李華寫一封信,要點如下:1.你的旅行計劃:北京→泰山→杭州;2.征求建議并詢問他是否愿意充當你的導游。注意:1.詞數80左右(開頭和結尾已給出,不計入總詞數);2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:故宮 the Forbidden City;泰山 Mount TaiDear Li Hua,I'm glad to tell you that 'm going to visit China.First,I am planning to visit Beijing,the capitalof China,where I am looking forward to enjoying the Great Wall,the Forbidden City and somebeautiful parks.Then I intend to go to visit Mount Tai in Shandong Province.I've heard that it is one ofthe most famous mountains in China and I can't wait to enjoy the amazing sunrise there.After that,I amalso going to Hangzhou.It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights,among which the West Lake is a well- known tourist attraction.What do you think of my travel plan? Will you act as my guide? Hope to hear from you soon.
The theme of the listening section is " talking about scenery and culture along a journey."The part is designed to further lead the students to understand Canadian natural geography and social environment, and integrated into the cultural contrast by mentioning the long train journey from Beijing to Moscow routes. On this basis, the part activates students related travel experience, lets the student serial dialogue, guides the student to explore further the pleasure and meaning of the long journey, and Chinese and foreign cultural comparison.The part also provides a framework for the continuation of the dialogue, which is designed to provide a framework for students to successfully complete their oral expressions, and to incorporate an important trading strategy to end the dialogue naturally.1. Help students to understand and master some common English idioms in the context, and experience the expression effect of English idioms.2. Guide the students to understand the identity of different people in the listening context, and finish the dialogue according to their own experience.3. Instruct the students to use appropriate language to express surprise and curiosity about space and place in the dialogue, and master the oral strategy of ending the dialogue naturally.1. Instruct students to grasp the key information and important details of the dialogue.2. Instruct students to conduct a similar talk on the relevant topic.
The purpose of this section of vocabulary exercises is to consolidate the key words in the first part of the reading text, let the students write the words according to the English definition, and focus on the detection of the meaning and spelling of the new words. The teaching design includes use English definition to explain words, which is conducive to improving students' interest in vocabulary learning, cultivating their sense of English language and thinking in English, and making students willing to use this method to better grasp the meaning of words, expand their vocabulary, and improve their ability of vocabulary application. Besides, the design offers more context including sentences and short passage for students to practice words flexibly.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Read the passage about chemical burns and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
The theme of this activity is to learn the first aid knowledge of burns. Burns is common in life, but there are some misunderstandings in manual treatment. This activity provides students with correct first aid methods, so as not to take them for granted in an emergency. This section guides students to analyze the causes of scald and help students avoid such things. From the perspective of text structure and collaborative features, the text is expository. Expository, with explanation as the main way of expression, transmits knowledge and information to readers by analyzing concepts and elaborating examples. This text arranges the information in logical order, clearly presents three parts of the content through the subtitle, accurately describes the causes, types, characteristics and first aid measures of burns, and some paragraphs use topic sentences to summarize the main idea, and the level is very clear.1. Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through reading2. Enhance students’ ability to deal withburnss and their awareness of burns prevention3. Enable students to improve the ability to judge the types of texts accurately and to master the characteristics and writing techniques of expository texts.Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through readingStep1: Lead in by discussing the related topic:1. What first-aid techniques do you know of ?CPR; mouth to mouth artificial respiration; the Heimlich Manoeuvre
The theme of this section is to learn how to make emergency calls. Students should learn how to make emergency calls not only in China, but also in foreign countries in English, so that they can be prepared for future situations outside the home.The emergency telephone number is a vital hotline, which should be the most clear, rapid and effective communication with the acute operator.This section helps students to understand the emergency calls in some countries and the precautions for making emergency calls. Through the study of this section, students can accumulate common expressions and sentence patterns in this context. 1.Help students accumulate emergency telephone numbers in different countries and learn more about first aid2.Guide the students to understand the contents and instructions of the telephone, grasp the characteristics of the emergency telephone and the requirements of the emergency telephone.3.Guide students to understand the first aid instructions of the operators.4.Enable Ss to make simulated emergency calls with their partners in the language they have learned1. Instruct students to grasp the key information and important details of the dialogue.2. Instruct students to conduct a similar talk on the relevant topic.Step1:Look and discuss:Match the pictures below to the medical emergencies, and then discuss the questions in groups.
? B: Absolutely! Getting involved with Chinese cultural activities there definitely helped a lot. I got to practice my Chinese on a daily basis, and I could learn how native Chinese speakers spoke.? A: What do you feel is your biggest achievement?? B: Learning Chinese characters! I have learnt about 1,500 so far. When I first started, I didn't think it was even going to be possible to learn so many, but now I find that I can read signs, menus, and even some easy newspaper articles.? A: What are you most keen on?? B: I've really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese characters, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way. ? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? I have really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese Calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese character, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way.? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? B: I'd say, give it a shot! While some aspects may be difficult, it is quite rewarding and you will be happy that you tried.? A: Thanks for your time. ? B:You're welcome.
二、典例解析例5. 如圖,一種電影放映燈的反射鏡面是旋轉橢圓面(橢圓繞其對稱軸旋轉一周形成的曲面)的一部分。過對稱軸的截口 ABC是橢圓的一部分,燈絲位于橢圓的一個焦點F_1上,片門位另一個焦點F_2上,由橢圓一個焦點F_1 發(fā)出的光線,經過旋轉橢圓面反射后集中到另一個橢圓焦點F_2,已知 〖BC⊥F_1 F〗_2,|F_1 B|=2.8cm, |F_1 F_2 |=4.5cm,試建立適當的平面直角坐標系,求截口ABC所在的橢圓方程(精確到0.1cm)典例解析解:建立如圖所示的平面直角坐標系,設所求橢圓方程為x^2/a^2 +y^2/b^2 =1 (a>b>0) 在Rt ΔBF_1 F_2中,|F_2 B|= √(|F_1 B|^2+|F_1 F_2 |^2 )=√(〖2.8〗^2 〖+4.5〗^2 ) 有橢圓的性質 , |F_1 B|+|F_2 B|=2 a, 所以a=1/2(|F_1 B|+|F_2 B|)=1/2(2.8+√(〖2.8〗^2 〖+4.5〗^2 )) ≈4.1b= √(a^2 〖-c〗^2 ) ≈3.4所以所求橢圓方程為x^2/〖4.1〗^2 +y^2/〖3.4〗^2 =1 利用橢圓的幾何性質求標準方程的思路1.利用橢圓的幾何性質求橢圓的標準方程時,通常采用待定系數法,其步驟是:(1)確定焦點位置;(2)設出相應橢圓的標準方程(對于焦點位置不確定的橢圓可能有兩種標準方程);(3)根據已知條件構造關于參數的關系式,利用方程(組)求參數,列方程(組)時常用的關系式有b2=a2-c2等.
1.判斷 (1)橢圓x^2/a^2 +y^2/b^2 =1(a>b>0)的長軸長是a. ( )(2)若橢圓的對稱軸為坐標軸,長軸長與短軸長分別為10,8,則橢圓的方程為x^2/25+y^2/16=1. ( )(3)設F為橢圓x^2/a^2 +y^2/b^2 =1(a>b>0)的一個焦點,M為其上任一點,則|MF|的最大值為a+c(c為橢圓的半焦距). ( )答案:(1)× (2)× (3)√ 2.已知橢圓C:x^2/a^2 +y^2/4=1的一個焦點為(2,0),則C的離心率為( )A.1/3 B.1/2 C.√2/2 D.(2√2)/3解析:∵a2=4+22=8,∴a=2√2.∴e=c/a=2/(2√2)=√2/2.故選C.答案:C 三、典例解析例1已知橢圓C1:x^2/100+y^2/64=1,設橢圓C2與橢圓C1的長軸長、短軸長分別相等,且橢圓C2的焦點在y軸上.(1)求橢圓C1的半長軸長、半短軸長、焦點坐標及離心率;(2)寫出橢圓C2的方程,并研究其性質.解:(1)由橢圓C1:x^2/100+y^2/64=1,可得其半長軸長為10,半短軸長為8,焦點坐標為(6,0),(-6,0),離心率e=3/5.(2)橢圓C2:y^2/100+x^2/64=1.性質如下:①范圍:-8≤x≤8且-10≤y≤10;②對稱性:關于x軸、y軸、原點對稱;③頂點:長軸端點(0,10),(0,-10),短軸端點(-8,0),(8,0);④焦點:(0,6),(0,-6);⑤離心率:e=3/5.