四、穩(wěn)態(tài)的重要意義 為什么內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)失調(diào)后,會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)體造成危害?引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從細(xì)胞代謝需要的物質(zhì)和條件進(jìn)行分析,最后總結(jié)出:內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)是機(jī)體進(jìn)行正常生命活動(dòng)的必要條件。如何預(yù)防內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)失調(diào)、保持機(jī)體健康?引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從外界環(huán)境和機(jī)體自身調(diào)節(jié)能力兩個(gè)方面去思考。即通過加強(qiáng)自我保健,減少外界環(huán)境變化對(duì)機(jī)體的不良影響,同時(shí)增強(qiáng)機(jī)體的調(diào)節(jié)能力以適應(yīng)多變的外界環(huán)境。具體如何做?學(xué)生討論,總結(jié)。1.保護(hù)我們的生存環(huán)境,防治環(huán)境污染。2.加強(qiáng)體育鍛煉,增強(qiáng)體質(zhì),提高機(jī)體適應(yīng)外界環(huán)境的能力。3.加強(qiáng)自我保健,為機(jī)體保持健康創(chuàng)造有利條件。尤其是處于比較惡劣的工作環(huán)境中的人,更應(yīng)注意自身保健,如邊防戰(zhàn)士注意保暖、煉鋼工人注意降溫、抗洪戰(zhàn)士注意補(bǔ)充水鹽等。了解這些知識(shí)后才能懂得如何關(guān)愛自身和他人。
1.潛在價(jià)值──某種不知名的昆蟲。間接價(jià)值──每個(gè)物種都維系著它們所在的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能。直接價(jià)值──蘆葦是一種重要的造紙?jiān)?;蟬蛻是一種動(dòng)物性藥物;魯班通過觀察某種葉片的葉緣得到啟示,研制出了木工用的鋸;海洋和森林等生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能陶冶情操、激發(fā)創(chuàng)作的靈感。2.主要的困難是,一些發(fā)達(dá)國家(如美國、加拿大和歐盟國家等),拒絕核準(zhǔn)或遲遲不予核準(zhǔn)該議定書。主要爭議的問題是,這些國家擔(dān)心影響本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和其他國家可能不承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。例如,美國政府在2003年3月以“減少溫室氣體排放將會(huì)影響美國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展”和“發(fā)展中國家也應(yīng)該承擔(dān)減排和限排溫室氣體的義務(wù)”為由,宣布拒絕執(zhí)行《京都議定書》。建議世界各國特別是發(fā)展中國家聯(lián)合起來,通過聯(lián)合國大會(huì)和各國的政府以及民間組織等多種途徑,呼吁每年大量產(chǎn)生溫室氣體的發(fā)達(dá)國家率先核準(zhǔn)《京都議定書》(我國政府早在2002年9月就核準(zhǔn)了《京都議定書》)。
根據(jù)課標(biāo)要求,參照教科書,支撐這一問題解決的知識(shí)有:⑴文化生活的特點(diǎn);⑵文化生活的兩面性;⑶發(fā)展文化生活的基本要求。其中重點(diǎn)問題是辨別文化生活的“喜”與“憂”。只有辨別清楚,才能趨利避害,才能積極主動(dòng)的參與健康向上的文化生活。從而為怎樣發(fā)展為人民大眾所喜聞樂見的文化打下基礎(chǔ)。由于高二學(xué)生尚未學(xué)習(xí)哲學(xué)知識(shí),所以它也是本節(jié)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn),同時(shí),由于學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)什么是大眾文化,大眾文化有那些基本特征,存在著分歧,所以正確把握大眾文化的含義也成為本節(jié)課的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。三、學(xué)情分析:應(yīng)該說高二學(xué)生已經(jīng)參與了不少的文化生活。但由于其正處在三觀形成的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,對(duì)文化生活的參與還比較盲目,缺少理性思考,以至付出沉重的代價(jià)。很顯然通過本框的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生會(huì)更加理性的參與文化生活,從而健康茁壯的發(fā)展、成長。四、教學(xué)目標(biāo):基于以上分析,我將本框題的教學(xué)目標(biāo)確定為以下三個(gè)方面:(1)知識(shí)目標(biāo):了解目前我國文化生活的現(xiàn)狀,知道人們的文化生活是色彩斑斕的,但也存在令人憂慮的現(xiàn)象;把握大眾文化的豐富內(nèi)涵;明確發(fā)展為人民大眾所喜聞樂見的文化必須堅(jiān)持的原則、方針等。
本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書數(shù)學(xué)必修1第四章第4.3.2節(jié)《對(duì)數(shù)的運(yùn)算》。其核心是弄清楚對(duì)數(shù)的定義,掌握對(duì)數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì),理解它的關(guān)鍵就是通過實(shí)例使學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)對(duì)數(shù)式與指數(shù)式的關(guān)系,分析得出對(duì)數(shù)的概念及對(duì)數(shù)式與指數(shù)式的 互化,通過實(shí)例推導(dǎo)對(duì)數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì)。由于它還與后續(xù)很多內(nèi)容,比如對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)及其性質(zhì),這也是高考必考內(nèi)容之一,所以在本學(xué)科有著很重要的地位。解決重點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵是抓住對(duì)數(shù)的概念、并讓學(xué)生掌握對(duì)數(shù)式與指數(shù)式的互化;通過實(shí)例推導(dǎo)對(duì)數(shù)的運(yùn)算性質(zhì),讓學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用對(duì)數(shù)運(yùn)算性質(zhì)進(jìn)行運(yùn)算,學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用換底公式。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、邏輯推理和數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1、理解對(duì)數(shù)的概念,能進(jìn)行指數(shù)式與對(duì)數(shù)式的互化;2、了解常用對(duì)數(shù)與自然對(duì)數(shù)的意義,理解對(duì)數(shù)恒等式并能運(yùn)用于有關(guān)對(duì)數(shù)計(jì)算。
二、學(xué)情分析:學(xué)生目前對(duì)形變和彈力有一定的感性認(rèn)識(shí)但是不夠深入;知道支持力、壓力都是彈力,但是不能夠概括產(chǎn)生的原因。理性思維還沒有達(dá)到一定的層次,要想理解彈力這一抽象概念還有一定困難。因此我采取引導(dǎo)、啟發(fā)的教學(xué)方式。
五、說教學(xué)過程(重點(diǎn)說)1、課題引入:我設(shè)計(jì)以提問哲學(xué)到底是什么?的問題激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣。我設(shè)計(jì)典型事例,通過學(xué)生討論,教師總結(jié)的形式,并得出其實(shí)哲學(xué)就在我們身邊。2、講授新課:(35分鐘)通過教材第一目的講解,讓學(xué)生明白,生活和學(xué)習(xí)中有許多蘊(yùn)涵哲學(xué)道理的故事,表明哲學(xué)并不神秘總結(jié)并過渡:生活也離不開哲學(xué),哲學(xué)可以是我正確看待自然、人生、和社會(huì)的發(fā)展,從而指導(dǎo)人們正確的認(rèn)識(shí)和改造世界。整個(gè)過程將伴隨著多媒體影像資料和生生對(duì)話討論以提高學(xué)生的積極性。3、課堂反饋,知識(shí)遷移。最后對(duì)本科課進(jìn)行小結(jié),鞏固重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn),將本課的哲學(xué)知識(shí)遷移到與生活相關(guān)的例子,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)知識(shí)的升華以及學(xué)生的再次創(chuàng)新;可使學(xué)生更深刻地理解重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),為下一框?qū)W習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備。
最后,教師對(duì)這節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容做回顧總結(jié),并讓學(xué)生做幾道練習(xí)題鞏固一下新知識(shí)。依據(jù):本節(jié)課主要是通過學(xué)生對(duì)關(guān)中文化的了解來學(xué)習(xí)我國的傳統(tǒng)文化。所以我計(jì)劃通過3-5分鐘的設(shè)問導(dǎo)課讓學(xué)生把注意力轉(zhuǎn)變集中到課堂中,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注課堂。整體時(shí)間安排符合教育學(xué)中的最佳時(shí)間分配原理和反饋原理。這樣做也有利于優(yōu)化課堂結(jié)構(gòu)、提高教學(xué)效率、把主要時(shí)間留給學(xué)生,把主動(dòng)權(quán)還給學(xué)生。針對(duì)高三年級(jí)學(xué)生的層次差異,我進(jìn)行了分層設(shè)置,設(shè)置有基礎(chǔ)題和拔高題。這樣做既可以使學(xué)生掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),又可以使學(xué)有余力的學(xué)生有所提高,從而達(dá)到拔尖和“減負(fù)”的目的。板書設(shè)計(jì)板書就是微型教案,板書集中體現(xiàn)教學(xué)的三維目標(biāo)、重難點(diǎn)、教學(xué)過程,體現(xiàn)教學(xué)的特色與特性。
4、課堂討論:社會(huì)主義的根本原則是共同富裕,這也是正確處理分配關(guān)系的目標(biāo)。而十五大報(bào)告卻進(jìn)一步明確指出“允許和鼓勵(lì)一部分人通過誠實(shí)勞動(dòng)和合法經(jīng)營先富起來,允許和鼓勵(lì)資本、技術(shù)等生產(chǎn)要素參與收益分配”。這矛盾嗎?為什么?以小組方式進(jìn)行討論,再以代表的形式發(fā)表意見,這樣既調(diào)動(dòng)了學(xué)生的積極性,也使學(xué)生對(duì)內(nèi)容有了更深層次的了解。最后老師加以總結(jié),用“蛋糕效應(yīng)”來闡述“效率優(yōu)先,兼顧公平”的關(guān)系,既形象又貼切,加深學(xué)生的理解。本課時(shí)內(nèi)容比較抽象,學(xué)生對(duì)于概念的理解有較大的難度。因此在教學(xué)中我采用多媒體課件教學(xué),聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,讓學(xué)生在生活中去體會(huì)貨幣的職責(zé),區(qū)分貨幣的職能,以便達(dá)到學(xué)以致用的目的。同時(shí)適時(shí)設(shè)置疑問,讓學(xué)生與我共同思考,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)“師生互動(dòng),生生互動(dòng)”,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生積極,主動(dòng)的參與到教學(xué)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中。(三)課堂小結(jié),強(qiáng)化認(rèn)識(shí)。(2—3分鐘)通過歸納小結(jié),既強(qiáng)調(diào)了重點(diǎn),又鞏固了本節(jié)知識(shí),幫助學(xué)生形成知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò),便于課后理解記憶。
1)他們?cè)诔踔械纳飳W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中已具備了一定的關(guān)于光合作用的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),也做過“綠葉在光下制造淀粉”這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。2)他們具備物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)變和能量變化等相關(guān)的化學(xué)知識(shí)。3)在前面的《降低化學(xué)反應(yīng)活化能的酶》一節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)中已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過簡單的對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)和相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)原則,使本節(jié)課最后的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)得以順利進(jìn)行。4)他們具有一定的 分析問題的能力,實(shí)施問題探究教學(xué)是可行的。三、教法和學(xué)法根據(jù)上述對(duì)教材和學(xué)生的分析,本節(jié)采用以下教法和學(xué)法:1)實(shí)驗(yàn)法:以實(shí)驗(yàn)說明結(jié)論。生物學(xué)的教學(xué)就是實(shí)驗(yàn)的教學(xué)過程,實(shí)驗(yàn)的展示形式有學(xué)生分組實(shí)驗(yàn)、老師示范實(shí)驗(yàn)、動(dòng)畫和圖片演示實(shí)驗(yàn)等,讓實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象說明問題,而不是直接讓學(xué)生記住結(jié)論。2)問題探究教學(xué)發(fā):以問題引發(fā)興趣。整個(gè)教學(xué)過程要設(shè)置好問題,層層展開,層層遞進(jìn),讓新知識(shí)與舊知識(shí)融為一個(gè)整體,讓學(xué)生在步步上升中攀登到知識(shí)的頂峰。3)比較學(xué)習(xí)法,同時(shí)采用多媒體輔助教學(xué),解決光合作用抽象的過程。
(2)多媒體展示:消費(fèi)者們反映iPhone4的500萬像素太不給力,3,5英寸的屏幕太小,促使蘋果公司給新一代iPhone裝上了一顆800萬像素的攝像頭4,0英寸的屏幕等,發(fā)展到最新的一代iPhone6plus已經(jīng)達(dá)到5.5英寸。師:新一代iphone更新的驅(qū)動(dòng)力是什么呢?其實(shí)新產(chǎn)品的升級(jí)對(duì)于蘋果公司來說經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不小但是不經(jīng)過升級(jí)換代產(chǎn)品就不能滿足消費(fèi)者的新的消費(fèi)要求,所以消費(fèi)者的反應(yīng)客觀上促進(jìn)了iphone的升級(jí)換代——消費(fèi)對(duì)生產(chǎn)的調(diào)整與升級(jí)起著導(dǎo)向作用(3)多媒體展示:隨著網(wǎng)購迅猛的發(fā)展,快遞、倉儲(chǔ)業(yè)務(wù)等也出現(xiàn)爆發(fā)式增長。這一現(xiàn)象說明了什么?(舉例:iPhone在全球市場的火熱,“殼”文化產(chǎn)業(yè)第一個(gè)進(jìn)入人們的視線,隨著時(shí)間的發(fā)展,外殼的產(chǎn)業(yè)飛速蓬勃的發(fā)展著)結(jié)論:一個(gè)新的消費(fèi)熱點(diǎn)的出現(xiàn)往往能帶動(dòng)一個(gè)或多個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的出現(xiàn)和成長。消費(fèi)所形成的新的需求對(duì)生產(chǎn)的調(diào)整和升級(jí)起著導(dǎo)向作用,需求的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量調(diào)節(jié)供給的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)總結(jié)林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質(zhì)特征;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問題,進(jìn)而對(duì)道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
The joke set her crying.這個(gè)玩笑使她哭起來。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語語和狀語語的功能和意義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否正確使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式描述人物的行為、動(dòng)作及其經(jīng)歷;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過人物言行的對(duì)比分析道德故事的深層內(nèi)涵;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)故事的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果來深入理解故事的情節(jié),從而了解文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu);4、結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活案例發(fā)表自己的見解和看法,寫一篇觀點(diǎn)明確、層次分明的故事評(píng)論。
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過說話人所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容、說話的語氣、語調(diào)等來判斷其態(tài)度和情緒;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見解,能否掌握聽力理訓(xùn)練中的聽力策略。
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價(jià)格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語從句中的“關(guān)系代詞+助動(dòng)詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)上下文語境或情景恢復(fù)句子中省略的成分,體會(huì)使用省略的效果;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否了解舊金山的城市風(fēng)貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會(huì)多元文化對(duì)美國的影響。
該板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“介紹一個(gè)有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過介紹中國城繼續(xù)聚焦中國文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國文化與美國多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國多元文化的重要組成部分。中國城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國文化的重要窗口,外國人在中國城能近距離體驗(yàn)中國文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
(明確:“寡人之于國也,盡心焉耳矣”,但“寡人之民不加多,何也?”)②他認(rèn)為自己對(duì)國家政務(wù)盡心盡力了,他有哪些具體做法?(明確:移民移粟)③第2—4節(jié)中孟子是怎樣說明梁惠王移民移粟的措施與“鄰國之政”并無本質(zhì)區(qū)別的?(明確:孟子不直接回答“民不加多”的問題,而是用梁惠王熟悉的“戰(zhàn)”設(shè)喻——設(shè)圈套,誘使對(duì)方在不知不覺中說出“不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也。”)④孟子認(rèn)為怎樣才能做到“王道之始”?要想“王道之成”還需采取哪些措施?(明確:“不違農(nóng)時(shí),谷不可勝食也。數(shù)罟不入氵夸池,魚鱉不可勝食也。斧斤以時(shí)入山林,材木不可勝用也。谷與魚鱉不可勝食,材木不可勝用五畝之宅,樹之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣。雞豚狗彘之畜,無失其時(shí),七十者可以食肉矣。百畝之田,勿奪其時(shí),數(shù)口之家,可以無饑矣。謹(jǐn)庫序之教,申之以孝涕之義,頒白者不負(fù)戴于道路矣。)這一小步的目的是想讓學(xué)生通過這些問題的解答,可以進(jìn)一步理清思路,掌握文的大概內(nèi)容。
3、重要語句的理解“可是一個(gè)人并不是生來要給打敗的,你盡可把它消滅掉,可就是打不敗他?!苯馕觯哼@是老人第一次回合之后的內(nèi)心獨(dú)白,也是此小說的核心精神,充分體現(xiàn)了老人桑地亞哥的生命理念。整句話可以分為兩部分來理解,前句告訴我們,人生活在自然與社會(huì)當(dāng)中,必不可少要面臨一些坎坷、磨難,這些磨難、坎坷完全可以造成軀體的消滅、消亡,這是人生命的脆弱性。后句,面對(duì)挫折,只要保持一種樂觀的精神,擁有一顆堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的心靈,那么,人類執(zhí)著奮斗的精神將永不磨滅。4、象征主義題目是《老人與?!罚砻魃?,小說是寫一位老人及其在海上的經(jīng)歷,但實(shí)際上,老人的形象極具概括性,他已經(jīng)超越了一個(gè)人的存在,而成為了人生的一種象征。老人桑地亞哥就是“硬漢子”的代表,大海則是生命旅途的象征,鯊魚則是我們行走中的“強(qiáng)物”,厄運(yùn)的象征。人的一生不可能一帆風(fēng)順,不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨,怎能見彩虹,走在人生路途中,不可避免我們都要遇到挫折,被厄運(yùn)所阻撓,只有經(jīng)歷與“鯊魚”的較量,才能成為強(qiáng)者,唱出最美的歌。