【教學(xué)步驟】一、作者及作品:亨利·梭羅(1817-18620,美國作家,詩人,自然主義者,改革家和哲學(xué)家。1817年出生于康科德城,十六歲即進入美國著名學(xué)府哈佛大學(xué)就學(xué)。次年,大思想家愛默生到哈佛大學(xué)作了題為《美國學(xué)者》的演講,宣揚先知先覺的智慧,而正是這一次演講,給了梭羅以深刻的影響,改變了他的人生。梭羅從哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,本來前程似錦,但他避開鬧市,住到愛默生家中。在擔任數(shù)年中學(xué)校長后,毅然決定以作詩和論述自然為終生事業(yè)。梭羅受超經(jīng)驗主義領(lǐng)袖愛默生影響很深。1845年,28歲的梭羅撇開金錢的羈絆,在愛默生的林地中的瓦爾登湖畔自建一個小木屋,自耕自食兩年有余。專業(yè)從事寫作。本書即是他對兩年林中生活所見所思所悟的記錄。十年后,《瓦爾登湖》出版,但它不僅未能引起人們的重視,相反還遭到批評和譏諷。然而,隨著時光的流逝,這本書的影響卻越來越大,終而成為美國文學(xué)中的一本獨特的、卓越的名著。
1.作者簡介卡爾·薩根(CarlSagan,1934—1996),美國人,曾任美國康奈爾大學(xué)行星研究中心主任,被稱為“大眾天文學(xué)家”和“公眾科學(xué)家”。他以對科學(xué)的熱忱和個人巨大的影響力,引導(dǎo)幾代年輕人走上探索科學(xué)之路。他對人類將無人航天器發(fā)送到太空起過重要的作用,在行星科學(xué)、生命的起源、外星智能的探索方面也有諸多成就。他主持過電視科學(xué)節(jié)目,出版了大量科普文章和書籍,其《伊甸園的飛龍》曾獲得普里策獎,電視系列節(jié)目《宇宙》在全世界取得熱烈反響。主要作品還有《宇宙聯(lián)結(jié)》《宇宙》《布盧卡的腦》《被遺忘前輩的陰影》《暗淡藍點》《數(shù)以十億計的星球》等。2.解說詞的文體特點課文是一部電視片的解說詞,具有以下幾個特點:(1)解說詞要根據(jù)解說對象的特點,有明確的主題和說明重點,不能面面俱到,要突出事物的主要方面,抓住事物的關(guān)鍵,即使是拓展性內(nèi)容,也不能游離解說的主題。如課文解說的對象是宇宙,那么就要緊扣宇宙的組成來介紹,不能隨意生發(fā)其他問題。
3.結(jié)合作品的時代背景,進一步理解“黃泉共為友”。故事發(fā)生在“漢末建安中”。當時的背景是:漢武帝時,“罷黜百家,獨尊儒術(shù)”。儒家的那套倫理綱常逐漸占據(jù)了統(tǒng)治地位,并發(fā)展到了相當完備嚴密的程度。在婚姻制度方面就規(guī)定有“七出”、“天下無不是之父母”等等清規(guī)戒律?!疤煜聼o不是之父母”,這正是焦、劉悲劇的根本原因。在這一時代氛圍里,在焦母的淫威下,焦仲卿敢于站在蘭芝一邊,表明與蘭芝“結(jié)發(fā)同枕席,黃泉共為友”的堅決態(tài)度,實在是難能可貴的。面對儒家所規(guī)定的封建家長制度、封建禮教,焦仲卿舉起的那面反抗的旗幟,無疑是茫茫長夜中的一道閃電!小結(jié):對語境體察得越充分,對語言理解的深度和廣度就越豐富。那么,我們對作品閱讀理解的水平就越高。
五、分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)以上分析的是3——11自然段,是本文的主體部分,下面我們來看看其他段落寫什么。一問:首先我有一個問題,本文是寫故都的秋,但也寫到了江南之秋,主要在哪些段落?其作用是什么?明確:主要在2和13自然段,目的是以江南之秋來襯托故都的秋。二問:那么作者是抓住江南秋天什么特點來襯托故都的秋的?在結(jié)構(gòu)安排上,為何要一前一后?明確:分別抓住其“看不飽,嘗不透,賞玩不到十足”和“色彩不濃,回味不永”的特點,前者在第2自然段,后者在第13自然段,這樣在結(jié)構(gòu)上就形成了前后呼應(yīng)。三問:好,從這篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)來看,2和13自然段相呼應(yīng),假如1、14自然段也相呼應(yīng),那這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)就更加嚴謹了,試問這兩段是否有呼應(yīng)?明確:第1段寫作者對故都秋的感受和向往,第14段寫作者對故都秋的眷戀之情,都是抒發(fā)情感,“向往”是在去故都之前,“眷戀”是在離開故都之時,其實質(zhì)是一樣的。所以1和14自然段也構(gòu)成了呼應(yīng)。
太子丹見荊軻,一段長的談話,包括兩層意思:一是秦貪得無厭,步步緊逼;二是為此采取或生劫或刺殺的兩種對策。荊軻許諾后,“恣荊軻所欲”,此時秦兵壓境,荊軻未行,原來要取樊將軍頭作信物。文章至此,掀起又一波瀾。荊軻說樊于期,首先挑起樊內(nèi)心仇恨,再指出已處絕境,最后提出獻首刺秦的計劃。這里,荊軻沉著精細,善于體察對方情緒,了解對方心理,指出報舊仇、雪恥辱的途徑。這段對話,在說明荊軻智慧特征的同時,又突出了樊于期的形象:“吾每念,常痛于骨髓”聲淚俱下;“此臣日夜切齒拊心”,痛恨仇雔,愿意赴死。加上“偏袒扼腕”的描寫,更加突出其來自心底的憤恨和怨怒,于是自刎,便是情節(jié)發(fā)展的必然了。已得信物,且有準備,太子的促行,與荊軻的“待吾客與俱”,形成矛盾。荊軻的缺乏助手,應(yīng)是刺秦的不利因素之一。
(五)是啊,誰不期望美夢成真呢?如果這個夢能實現(xiàn),該有多好啊。但是,大堰河流盡自己的血汗后,就過早的離開了人世,結(jié)束了自己悲苦的一生。(教師朗讀9、10節(jié))問:大堰河死后得到的是什么?(微薄的葬禮)她生前付出的何其多,而死后得到的又何其少啊,想到這里,詩人的心一陣陣發(fā)痛,他的心中充滿了對她悲苦命運的深切同情。問:是什么造成了她的悲???詩人對這個社會懷著怎樣的感情?齊讀11節(jié),讀出詩人的憎恨之情。(六)艾青的回憶到這里就結(jié)束了。在他的回憶中,我們看到了一個出身低微,地位低下,卻有著金子般美好心靈的大堰河。她勤勞,善良,寬厚,她如同一座雕象,一直矗立在詩人的心中。詩人從回憶的大門走了出來,外面依然是漫天飛舞的雪花,依然是陰冷潮濕的牢房,但詩人卻有著按捺不住的澎湃的激情,呈給大堰河由心靈而寫成的贊歌。(教師范讀12、13節(jié))
【教學(xué)目標】一、知識教育目標1.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生梳理鳳蝶生命形態(tài)的幾次變化,了解課文的時間說明順序。2.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié)文學(xué)色彩濃厚的說明文的說明方法和語言的特點。二、能力培養(yǎng)目標1.學(xué)習(xí)本文觀察細致的特點和語言準確嚴謹?shù)奶攸c。2.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生模仿、借鑒課文的寫作方法,描寫某類蝴蝶,提高科普類說明文的寫作能力。三、德育滲透目標引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從學(xué)習(xí)中感悟生命意識,理解人類與其他生物相互依存的重要性。【重點、難點及解決辦法】1.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生梳理鳳蝶生命形態(tài)的幾次變化,了解課文的時間說明順序。2.學(xué)習(xí)本文觀察細致的特點和語言準確嚴謹?shù)奶攸c?!緦W(xué)生活動設(shè)計】1.閱讀分析全文的時間說明順序。2.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié)文學(xué)色彩濃厚的說明文的說明方法和語言的特點。
一、自讀感知要求學(xué)生自讀課文,整體感知整篇課文,了解作品的基本內(nèi)容,初步把握作品的基本結(jié)構(gòu)框架和作者的感情。首先自讀課文,疏通文句,借助注解和詞典,弄清以下詞語的讀音和意思:幽僻、蓊蓊郁郁、彌望、裊娜、宛然、凝碧、斑駁、峭楞楞借助注解和詞典讀懂《采蓮賦》。其次給文章八個小段標上序號,找出文章主要寫景的段落和抒情的段落,找出文章抒情的語句。明確:文章主要寫景的段落是第四段、第五段、第六段。文章主要抒情的段落是第三段。文章抒情的語句主要有:第一段:這幾天心里頗不寧靜。第二段:沒有月光的晚上,這路上陰森森的,有些怕人。今晚卻很好,雖然月光也還是淡淡的。第三段:我也像超出了平常的自己,我愛熱鬧,……也愛冷靜;愛群居,也愛獨處。……便覺是一個自由的人?!仪沂苡眠@無邊的荷香月色好了。第六段:但熱鬧是他們的,我什么也沒有。第七段:這真是有趣的事,可惜我們現(xiàn)在早已無福消受了。
The activity theme of this section is to design various activities around the key words in the first text. Therefore, the activities require students to pay attention to the spelling of words. On the other hand, let students grasp the meaning of words more accurately through sentences and short texts. This kind of teaching design also helps to improve the ability of using English thinking.1. Cultivating students' ability to use word formation to induce and memorize vocabulary, and the ability to use lexical chunks to express meaning.2. Guide the students to think independently and use the correct form of words to complete sentences3. Cultivate students' habit of using lexical chunks to express language completely, guide students to draw words in sentences quickly, pay attention to word collocation, so as to accumulate more authentic expressions4. Instruct students to create sentences with the chunks.1. Enable students to use the language points in the real situation or specific contexts flexibly and appropriately.2. Guiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Think of a word that best fits each definition.1. to remember sth2.to accept, admit, or recognize sth or the truth/existence of sth3. the process of changing sth or yourself to suit a new situation4 .to make sb feel less worried or unhappy5. a strong desire to achieve sth
Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______(read) lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________(build) a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19yearold Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.
The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply
【詞匯精講】highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;強調(diào);使醒目One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.這次旅行的亮點之一是參觀泰姬陵。Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.你的簡歷應(yīng)該突出你的技能和成就。The report highlights the major problems facing society today.報告強調(diào)了當今社會所面臨的主要問題。I’ve highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黃色標出了重要段落。7.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily temperatures averaging -10 ℃.埃德蒙頓冬季寒冷,日平均氣溫為-10°C?!驹~匯精講】freezing adj.極冷的;冰凍的Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather.在冰凍的天氣里,放一盆水在室外。It’s freezing cold outside so wear a warm coat.外面超冷的,所以穿一個暖和一點的外套吧。8.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9時30分,他們才終于到達多倫多的首府安大略省?!揪涫狡饰觥勘揪涫且粋€強調(diào)句,強調(diào)的是句子的時間狀語until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的強調(diào)句為It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那時我才突然意識到?jīng)]有人比我更幸福了。
你校英語報計劃出版一期急救常識???現(xiàn)面向全校學(xué)生公開征集稿件,你有意參加。請你根據(jù)下面提示內(nèi)容,用英語寫一篇短文,介紹在車禍現(xiàn)場對傷者進行急救的方法和步驟。1.確保現(xiàn)場的安全;2.詢問傷者,確保其呼吸正常;3.檢查傷口,如流血則應(yīng)采取止血措施;4.如需急救,確保其處于康復(fù)位置。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:康復(fù)位置 recovery positionAs we all know, having a knowledge of first aid can make a great difference in our daily life. If a traffic accident happens and someone is injured, the following steps can be used to treat the injured.In the first place, we should make sure that the accident scene is safe so that we won’t get hurt. We should ask the injured person if he is OK, and see if he is breathing. What’s more, we should check for cuts and wounds. If he is bleeding badly, it is vital that we should try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury. This is because if a person loses too much blood, he may die. If necessary, take the injured person to the hospital as soon as possible.Do remember: when giving first aid, please be sure to place the person in a recovery position.
The theme of this part is to write an article about healthy diet. Through reading and writing activities, students can accumulate knowledge about healthy diet, deepen their understanding of the theme of healthy diet, and reflect on their own eating habits. This text describes the basic principles of healthy diet. The author uses data analysis, definition, comparison, examples and other methods. It also provides a demonstration of the use of conjunctions, which provides important information reference for students to complete the next collaborative task, writing skills, vivid language materials and expressions.1. Teach Ss to learn and skillfully use the new words learned from the text.2. Develop students’ ability to understand, extract and summarize information.3. Guide students to understand the theme of healthy diet and reflect on their own eating habits.4. To guide students to analyze and understand the reading discourse from the aspects of theme content, writing structure, language expression, etc., 5. Enable Ss to write in combination with relevant topics and opinions, and to talk about their eating habits.1. Guide students to analyze and understand the reading discourse from the aspects of theme content, writing structure, language expression, etc.2. Enable them to write in combination with relevant topics and opinions, and to talk about their eating habits.3. Guide the students to use the cohesive words correctly, strengthen the textual cohesion, and make the expression fluent and the thinking clear.Step1: Warming upbrainstorm some healthy eating habits.1.Eat slowly.2.Don’t eat too much fat or sugar.3.Eat healthy food.4.Have a balanced diet.Step2: Read the passage and then sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
This section guides students to pay attention to the typical context of vocabulary use, helps students accumulate vocabulary around the key vocabulary of this unit, and uses the learned words and word chunks in different contexts to deeply understand their meaning and usage, so as to achieve the purpose of review and consolidation.The teaching design activities aim to guide students to pay attention to the typical context in which the target vocabulary is used, as well as the common vocabulary used in collocation, so that students can complete the sentence with correct words. In terms of vocabulary learning strategies, this unit focuses on cultivating students' ability to pay attention to collocation of words and to use word blocks to express meaning.For vocabulary learning, it is not enough just to know the meaning of a single word, but the most important thing is to master the common collocations of words, namely word blocks.Teachers should timely guide students to summarize common vocabulary collocation, such as verb and noun collocation, verb and preposition collocation, preposition and noun collocation, and so on.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.
The theme of this activity is to learn the first aid knowledge of burns. Burns is common in life, but there are some misunderstandings in manual treatment. This activity provides students with correct first aid methods, so as not to take them for granted in an emergency. This section guides students to analyze the causes of scald and help students avoid such things. From the perspective of text structure and collaborative features, the text is expository. Expository, with explanation as the main way of expression, transmits knowledge and information to readers by analyzing concepts and elaborating examples. This text arranges the information in logical order, clearly presents three parts of the content through the subtitle, accurately describes the causes, types, characteristics and first aid measures of burns, and some paragraphs use topic sentences to summarize the main idea, and the level is very clear.1. Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through reading2. Enhance students’ ability to deal withburnss and their awareness of burns prevention3. Enable students to improve the ability to judge the types of texts accurately and to master the characteristics and writing techniques of expository texts.Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through readingStep1: Lead in by discussing the related topic:1. What first-aid techniques do you know of ?CPR; mouth to mouth artificial respiration; the Heimlich Manoeuvre
1. We'll need ten months at least to have the restaurant decorated.2.Some traditional Chinese dishes from before the Ming Dynasty are still popular today.3.My grandpa's breakfast mainly includes whole grain biscuits and a glass of milk.4.People in this area would eat nearly a kilo of cheese per week.5. We enjoyed a special dinner in a fancy restaurant where the waiters all wore attractive suits.6. He prefers this brand of coffee which, as he said, has an unusually good flavor.Key:1. at a minimum 2. prior to3. consist of4. consume5. elegant6. exceptionalStep 5:Familiarize yourself with some food idioms by matching the meaning on the right with the colored words on the left.1.Public concern for the health of farm animals has mushroomed in the UK2.Anderson may be young but he's certainly rolling to doing dough!3.George is a popular lecturer. He often peppers his speech with jokes.4.As the person to bring home the bacon, he needs to find a stable job.5 He is often regarded as a ham actor for his over emphasized facial expressions. The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato. 6.The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato.7.Don't worry about the test tomorrow. It's going to be a piece of cake!8. It's best to fold the swimming ring when it is as flat as a pancake.A. completely flatB. something that is very easy to do C.an issue that is hard to deal withD.to include large numbers of somethingE.to earn on e's living to support a familyF. wealthyG.to rapidly increase in numberH. an actor who performs badly, especially by over emphasizing emotions
假定你是英國的Jack,打算來中國旅行,請你給你的中國筆友李華寫一封信,要點如下:1.你的旅行計劃:北京→泰山→杭州;2.征求建議并詢問他是否愿意充當你的導(dǎo)游。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù));2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:故宮 the Forbidden City;泰山 Mount TaiDear Li Hua,I'm glad to tell you that 'm going to visit China.First,I am planning to visit Beijing,the capitalof China,where I am looking forward to enjoying the Great Wall,the Forbidden City and somebeautiful parks.Then I intend to go to visit Mount Tai in Shandong Province.I've heard that it is one ofthe most famous mountains in China and I can't wait to enjoy the amazing sunrise there.After that,I amalso going to Hangzhou.It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights,among which the West Lake is a well- known tourist attraction.What do you think of my travel plan? Will you act as my guide? Hope to hear from you soon.
The purpose of this section of vocabulary exercises is to consolidate the key words in the first part of the reading text, let the students write the words according to the English definition, and focus on the detection of the meaning and spelling of the new words. The teaching design includes use English definition to explain words, which is conducive to improving students' interest in vocabulary learning, cultivating their sense of English language and thinking in English, and making students willing to use this method to better grasp the meaning of words, expand their vocabulary, and improve their ability of vocabulary application. Besides, the design offers more context including sentences and short passage for students to practice words flexibly.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Read the passage about chemical burns and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1.熱身(warm-up) (1)全班齊唱歌曲“How call I Get to the Zoo?’’ (2)師生一起吟唱第一單元的歌謠,要求學(xué)生一邊吟唱,一邊用手打節(jié)拍。 2.預(yù)習(xí)(Preview) 教師對學(xué)生有關(guān)My Dream Vacation的短文做出總體評價,并請幾名寫得有創(chuàng)意的學(xué)生朗讀他們的短文,教師針對其內(nèi)容提問,如:“Where are you going? What are you going to do? How are you going to there等。教師根據(jù)課前的準備,在最后一名學(xué)生朗讀完文章并回答了問題以后,簡化并板書該學(xué)生的回答,將其改編成為一首小歌謠,如: Where are you going? What are you going to do? I’m going to the ZOO to see the monkeys. I’m going by bike.I’m going On foot. I live near the ZOO.So I won’t take a train. 教師拍節(jié)拍示范朗讀自己改寫的新歌謠,學(xué)生模仿吟唱新歌謠。 3.新課呈現(xiàn)(Presentation) Let’s chant 在以上活動的基礎(chǔ)上,教師放Let’s chant部分的錄音,學(xué)生靜聽并試著跟讀,再看著文字吟唱。師生可進行問答式吟唱,并在小組間展開比賽。 Listen and match