彗星簡介:(1)云霧狀的獨特外貌,質(zhì)量很?。唬?)主要由冰物質(zhì)構(gòu)成(含塵埃、水、甲烷、二氧化碳等),有人稱它為“臟雪球”;(3)結(jié)構(gòu)分彗核、彗發(fā)、彗尾(分離子尾、塵埃尾),彗星在遠(yuǎn)離太陽時,只有一個冰凍的彗核,當(dāng)行進(jìn)太陽時,組成物質(zhì)升華而形成彗發(fā),在太陽風(fēng)的吹拂下,背向太陽的一側(cè)出現(xiàn)彗尾,遠(yuǎn)離太陽時,彗尾消失,尾永遠(yuǎn)背向太陽;(4)目前已經(jīng) 發(fā)現(xiàn)了1600多顆彗星,最著名的就是哈雷彗星,1985~1986 年,曾回歸;(5)彗星的公轉(zhuǎn)周期各不相同,相差極大,有的幾十年,有的幾百年,哈雷彗星的公轉(zhuǎn)周期為76年。學(xué)生討論回答,然后速讀課文“流星體”?!締l(fā)引導(dǎo)】行星際空間是否是“真空”狀態(tài)?行星際空間分布著極其稀薄的氣體和塵埃,稱為行星際物質(zhì),行星際物質(zhì)的來源——太陽風(fēng)、星際沖撞……
一、導(dǎo)入新課成為一位科學(xué)家是無數(shù)有志青年的夢想,對物理的探究更是許多年輕的學(xué)子孜孜以求的,我們來看一下加來道雄的成長道路,或許能得到一些啟發(fā)。(板書)一名物理學(xué)家的教育歷程二、明確目標(biāo)1.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從生活出發(fā),了解科學(xué)、認(rèn)識科學(xué)2.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生以“教育歷程”為重點,探討其中表現(xiàn)的思想內(nèi)涵。三、整體感知1.作者簡介加來道雄,美籍日裔物理學(xué)家,畢業(yè)于美國哈佛大學(xué),獲加利福尼亞大學(xué)伯克利分校哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位,后任紐約市立大學(xué)城市學(xué)院理論物理學(xué)教授。主要著作有《超越愛因斯坦》(與特雷納合著)《量子場論》《超弦導(dǎo)論》。2.本文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)文章的題目是“一名物理學(xué)家的教育歷程”,因此,敘述的順序主要是歷時性的。但是,作者開頭就說“童年的兩件趣事極大地豐富了我對世界的理解力,并且引導(dǎo)我走上成為一個理論物理學(xué)家的歷程?!倍巴甑膬杉な隆弊鳛槲恼碌闹饕獌?nèi)容,又是共時性的敘述。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)安排,使文章既脈絡(luò)清楚,又重點突出。
一、導(dǎo)入新課年紀(jì)稍大的中國人應(yīng)還記得,1968年春,"文革"還正如火如荼之際,毛澤東發(fā)表了一篇"五二O聲明",全國各地為此舉行了由上級組織的大規(guī)模游行。很多人應(yīng)還記得,事情同馬丁·路德·金被刺殺有關(guān),而這位馬丁·路德·金,乃是著名的美國黑人民權(quán)運動領(lǐng)袖。事過多年之后,我卻發(fā)現(xiàn),不少人居然把這位諾貝爾和平獎得主,同四百多年前那位德國宗教改革領(lǐng)袖馬丁·路德相混淆,而對他的主要主張"非暴力抵抗",更是懵然無知!1956年,在26歲的馬丁·路德·金第一次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)黑人市民,抵制蒙哥馬利市公共汽車公司的種族隔離制度時,他就舉起了"非暴力抵抗"的旗幟。他號召久被歧視的黑人群眾說:"我們要抵抗,因為自由從來不靠恩賜獲得。有權(quán)有勢的欺壓者從不會自動把自由奉獻(xiàn)給受壓者?!瓩?quán)利和機(jī)會,必須通過一些人的犧牲和受難才能得到。"但是,"仇恨產(chǎn)生仇恨,暴力產(chǎn)生暴力……我們要用愛的力量,去對付恨的勢力。我們的目標(biāo),絕不是擊敗或羞辱白人,正相反,我們要贏得他們的友誼和理解。"
【備課思路】本文是一篇小說。鑒賞小說的重點是要抓住小說的三要素,通過對小說中情節(jié)、人物、環(huán)境的賞析,挖掘作品的主題。而《十八歲出門遠(yuǎn)行》又不同于傳統(tǒng)的小說,特別是小說情節(jié)的設(shè)置,極其不合常情,具有強(qiáng)烈的荒誕性。所以,學(xué)習(xí)這篇課文,應(yīng)以情節(jié)為閱讀的切入點,通過對作品中悖于常情,卻又合乎常理的情節(jié)的解讀,了解作品所傳達(dá)的主旨。此外,本文新奇獨特的語言,也需要在閱讀中仔細(xì)地體味?!窘虒W(xué)目標(biāo)】一、通過解讀情節(jié),把握小說的主旨。二、理解小說中有荒誕意味的描寫及其表達(dá)效果。三、揣摩精彩語句,體會小說新奇獨特的語言。四、討論小說中有關(guān)“旅店”的內(nèi)涵,明確其在文中的象征意義?!窘虒W(xué)重點】一、把握小說的主旨,明確“旅店”的象征意義。二、理解小說中有荒誕意味的描寫及其表達(dá)效果。
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1.學(xué)習(xí)本文精彩的人物語言——說理透辟,善于辭令,以及起伏跌宕,生動活潑的情節(jié)。2.掌握文章中出現(xiàn)的古漢語常識,注意多義詞在不同語境中的不同意義和用法。3.了解燭之武說服秦伯的方法——善于利用矛盾,采取分化瓦解的方法,認(rèn)識燭之武機(jī)智善辯的外交才能。【教學(xué)重點】1.燭之武人物形象的把握。2.波瀾起伏,生動活潑的情節(jié)?!窘虒W(xué)難點】通過學(xué)習(xí)本課,使學(xué)生對《左傳》的語言特點有所了解?!窘虒W(xué)過程】第一課時課前預(yù)習(xí):(1)借助工具書,通讀原文。(2)參考有關(guān)資料,對《左傳》在先秦文學(xué)史中的地位及《左傳》的語言特色有所了解。(3)初步了解故事情節(jié),特別注意對燭之武這個中心人物的把握。(4)畫出自己不理解的問題及難點。
【教學(xué)過程】一、導(dǎo)入:(大屏幕顯示馬克思肖像)今年的5月5日,是這位無產(chǎn)階級革命導(dǎo)師的186周年紀(jì)念日。在新世紀(jì)來臨之際,英國著名的廣播公司BBC舉辦了一次千年最偉大思想家評選活動,結(jié)果馬克思位居愛因斯坦、牛頓、達(dá)爾文等巨人之前,被評為過去千年最偉大的思想家。為什么他會獲得如此高的評價呢?因為正是這樣一位巨人,他總結(jié)了資本主義社會乃至整個人類社會的歷史發(fā)展規(guī)律,推動了無產(chǎn)階級革命進(jìn)程,創(chuàng)立了偉大的馬克思主義理論。今天我們一起來學(xué)習(xí)恩格斯的《在馬克思墓前的講話》,并悼念這位無產(chǎn)階級革命的偉大導(dǎo)師。二、學(xué)生快速閱讀課文,請學(xué)生概括課文的寫作思路。明確:逝世情況——偉大貢獻(xiàn)——巨大影響三、具體研習(xí)課文1、分析第一部分:(下面我們具體研析課文)學(xué)生齊讀第一段,多媒體展示馬克思逝世情景。
六、結(jié)合講解和譯文,學(xué)生三讀課文,分析內(nèi)容。(一)解析第一段內(nèi)容1、請找出能體現(xiàn)厲王性格特征的詞語,說說厲王是一個什么樣的人?!芭?、怒、殺”暴虐兇殘、殘忍昏庸2、正由于厲王的行動,導(dǎo)致國人怎樣?(從文中找出原句)謗王——道路以目3、“國人莫敢言”,是國人真的沉默無語,俯首聽命了嗎?沒有,而是即將“在沉默中爆發(fā)”,人民在沉默中孕育著反抗,這是高壓下的沉默,是火山噴發(fā)前的死寂。(二)瀏覽第二段本段主要是召公的諫辭。1、召公對厲王弭謗的方法有何批評?(原文)明確:是障之也。(隨后用了“防民之口,甚于防川”來說明堵塞言論的危害性。并指出“為水”的最有效的辦法是“導(dǎo)”,“為民”的最有效的辦法是“宣”。)2、古代天子聽政如何廣開言路?明確:直接的:①使公卿至于列士獻(xiàn)詩,②瞽獻(xiàn)曲,③史獻(xiàn)書,④師箴,⑤瞍賦,⑥曚誦,⑦百工諫。
十、教學(xué)后記:這是我實習(xí)中上的第一堂課,由于沒有經(jīng)驗,對時間的把握不好,課堂前半部分留給學(xué)生思考回答問題的時間太多了,以至于沒有完成本課時的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,對《箜篌引》、《桃花扇》、《聞官軍收河南河北》內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充要留到下節(jié)課才能完成。但課堂過程中以討論和結(jié)果發(fā)布會的形式非常能調(diào)動學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,這節(jié)課學(xué)生的參與度很高,絕大部分的同學(xué)都能積極思考,并敢于回答問題。但是在學(xué)生回答問題后,有些答案很好,也是我沒有思考到的。但是除了簡單的表揚鼓勵外,我不善于把學(xué)生的思考結(jié)果與自己的板書設(shè)計結(jié)合起來,授課過程中比較拘泥于教案,顯得不夠靈活??偟膩碚f,這節(jié)課的優(yōu)點是教態(tài)自然、大方,聲音清晰洪亮,能調(diào)動學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,不足在于時間掌握不好,拘泥于教案。
二、動物的游戲(庫寶善)人類社會越來越現(xiàn)代化,新科學(xué)技術(shù)日新月異,令人目不暇接,稱之到了“知識爆炸”的時代也毫不為過。由此而來的是生活的快節(jié)奏,學(xué)習(xí)和工作的競爭也越來越激烈。這種競爭一直波及到了兒童,加之中國幾千年來形成的望子成龍的傳統(tǒng)觀念,使作父母的把一切希望都寄托在孩子身上,實現(xiàn)自己未能實現(xiàn)的理想。祖孫三代4、2、1的局面,使12只眼睛都盯在了孩子身上,真是走路怕摔著,吃飯怕噎著,干活怕累著,要星星不敢摘月亮,要吃什么跑遍全城也要買來。這種過分保護(hù)、溺愛及過早地灌輸知識會得到什么結(jié)果呢?樂觀者說孩子越來越聰明,越來越早熟,將來能更好適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化的要求;悲觀者則認(rèn)為豆芽菜式的孩子將來經(jīng)不起風(fēng)浪,小皇帝太多了很難凝聚成統(tǒng)一力量,將來誰去當(dāng)兵,誰去干那些艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)性工作……。對孩子本身來說,是幸福還是……在此不想多發(fā)議論,還是讓我們來看看動物世界的孩子們吧,也許會得到某種啟迪。
一、寫作背景2003年15日上午9時整,一艘中國的載人火箭,從酒泉的衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心順利升空,經(jīng)過21個小時、60萬公里的繞行任務(wù)后,成功返回地球,降落在內(nèi)蒙古大草原上。這個行動的圓滿結(jié)束,向世人宣告了一個事實:繼雄霸太空40年的美國、蘇聯(lián)之后,中國已經(jīng)成為第三個太空科技國家。神舟五號載人飛船成功發(fā)射與回收,終于圓了中華民族幾千年的飛天夢。在“神五”載人飛船研制的浩大工程中,陜西多家航天科技單位做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。諸如飛船的火箭發(fā)動機(jī)由航天六院提供,飛船逃逸塔動力系統(tǒng)由航天四院研制,航天時代公司的電子設(shè)備則為“神五”提供了“眼睛和耳朵”……可以說,飛船的升天,可以說祖國的航天事業(yè)是千千萬萬獻(xiàn)身航天科技事業(yè)的幕前幕后英雄集體智慧的結(jié)晶,正是他們共同鑄就了共和國“神箭”,是他們共同托起了華夏“神舟”。二、作家作品賈永、曹智、白瑞雪,新華社記者。
(二) 呈現(xiàn)新課 (Presentation)1、教師出示學(xué)過的縮略語PRCUKCANUSA讓孩子讀一讀,然后拿出相應(yīng)的卡片貼在黑板上請掌握較好的學(xué)生帶著同學(xué)們讀一讀縮略語2、出示課文中的縮略語,讓孩子們自己試著讀一讀,然后試著說說縮略語的含義3、聽錄音,跟讀。小組說說4、讓孩子們介紹自己收集的生活中的縮略語教師給以適當(dāng)?shù)臄U(kuò)充:CCTVWTOUFO等5、教師分別出示大小寫Hh,讓孩子想想大小寫的字母分別想什么,用語言描述或是用動作表示。6、Let’s chant聽錄音,邊聽邊打節(jié)奏聽錄音,邊聽邊出示相應(yīng)的字母聽錄音,邊聽邊試著說歌謠孩子們帶上自己的頭飾,在小組中邊演邊說各小組展示(三)趣味操練(Practice)1、listen and order the cards讓孩子說字母,按照聽到的順序排列字母2、listen and guess教師拼一拼縮略語,孩子快速說出詞小組游戲(四) 擴(kuò)展性活動(Add-activities)紙牌游戲兩個孩子分別有一套學(xué)過的字母卡,按順序出卡片,看誰能最先組成一個學(xué)過的縮略語。【板書設(shè)計】
(三)、歷史的必然:人民代表大會制度的確立1、《中國人民政治協(xié)商會議共同綱領(lǐng)》作為臨時憲法規(guī)定我國根本政治制度是人民代表大會制度。新中國的成立,標(biāo)志著億萬中國人民真正成為國家、社會和自己命運的主人。此前召開的中國人民政治協(xié)商會議第一屆全體會議,為建立新型國家政權(quán)發(fā)揮了重大作用,會議通過的《中國人民政治協(xié)商會議共同綱領(lǐng)》具有臨時憲法的地位,為全國人民代表大會制度的建立奠定了法律基礎(chǔ)。共同綱領(lǐng)規(guī)定:中華人民共和國的國家政權(quán)屬于人民,人民行使國家權(quán)力的機(jī)關(guān)為各級人民代表大會和各級人民政府。2、人民代表大會制度在我國正式建立起來的標(biāo)志:1954年9月15日,第一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議在北京召開,會議通過了《中華人民共和國憲法》,標(biāo)志著人民代表大會制度在我國正式建立起來。
◇本框題小結(jié):◇3個體現(xiàn):即人民代表大會制度是我國的根本政治制度的3個體現(xiàn)(1)、人民代表大會制度決定著國家的其他各種具體制度;(2)、人民代表大會制度是中國人民當(dāng)家作主的最高形式和重要途徑;(3)、人民代表大會制度是中國社會主義政治文明的重要制度載體?!?個表現(xiàn):即民主集中制確保國家權(quán)力協(xié)調(diào)高效的表現(xiàn):(1)、從人民代表大會和人民的關(guān)系來看①各級人民代表受選民和原選舉單位的監(jiān)督,選民或選舉單位有權(quán)罷免自己選舉出的代表;②各級人民代表大會代表人民統(tǒng)一行使國家權(quán)力(2)、從人民代表大會與其他國家機(jī)關(guān)的關(guān)系來看①其他國家機(jī)關(guān)都由人民代表大會產(chǎn)生,對它負(fù)責(zé)、受它監(jiān)督;②在人民代表大會統(tǒng)一行使國家權(quán)力的前提下,其他國家機(jī)關(guān)依照法定分工依法行使各自的職權(quán)。(3)、從中央和地方的關(guān)系來看①地方必須服從中央;②在保證中央統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的同時,必須考慮地方特殊利益,充分發(fā)揮地方的主動性和積極性。
Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______(read) lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________(build) a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19yearold Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.
This section guides students to pay attention to the typical context of vocabulary use, helps students accumulate vocabulary around the key vocabulary of this unit, and uses the learned words and word chunks in different contexts to deeply understand their meaning and usage, so as to achieve the purpose of review and consolidation.The teaching design activities aim to guide students to pay attention to the typical context in which the target vocabulary is used, as well as the common vocabulary used in collocation, so that students can complete the sentence with correct words. In terms of vocabulary learning strategies, this unit focuses on cultivating students' ability to pay attention to collocation of words and to use word blocks to express meaning.For vocabulary learning, it is not enough just to know the meaning of a single word, but the most important thing is to master the common collocations of words, namely word blocks.Teachers should timely guide students to summarize common vocabulary collocation, such as verb and noun collocation, verb and preposition collocation, preposition and noun collocation, and so on.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.
假定你是英國的Jack,打算來中國旅行,請你給你的中國筆友李華寫一封信,要點如下:1.你的旅行計劃:北京→泰山→杭州;2.征求建議并詢問他是否愿意充當(dāng)你的導(dǎo)游。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù));2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:故宮 the Forbidden City;泰山 Mount TaiDear Li Hua,I'm glad to tell you that 'm going to visit China.First,I am planning to visit Beijing,the capitalof China,where I am looking forward to enjoying the Great Wall,the Forbidden City and somebeautiful parks.Then I intend to go to visit Mount Tai in Shandong Province.I've heard that it is one ofthe most famous mountains in China and I can't wait to enjoy the amazing sunrise there.After that,I amalso going to Hangzhou.It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights,among which the West Lake is a well- known tourist attraction.What do you think of my travel plan? Will you act as my guide? Hope to hear from you soon.
【詞匯精講】highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;強(qiáng)調(diào);使醒目One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.這次旅行的亮點之一是參觀泰姬陵。Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.你的簡歷應(yīng)該突出你的技能和成就。The report highlights the major problems facing society today.報告強(qiáng)調(diào)了當(dāng)今社會所面臨的主要問題。I’ve highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黃色標(biāo)出了重要段落。7.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily temperatures averaging -10 ℃.埃德蒙頓冬季寒冷,日平均氣溫為-10°C。【詞匯精講】freezing adj.極冷的;冰凍的Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather.在冰凍的天氣里,放一盆水在室外。It’s freezing cold outside so wear a warm coat.外面超冷的,所以穿一個暖和一點的外套吧。8.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9時30分,他們才終于到達(dá)多倫多的首府安大略省。【句式剖析】本句是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的時間狀語until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)句為It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那時我才突然意識到?jīng)]有人比我更幸福了。
The activity theme of this section is to design various activities around the key words in the first text. Therefore, the activities require students to pay attention to the spelling of words. On the other hand, let students grasp the meaning of words more accurately through sentences and short texts. This kind of teaching design also helps to improve the ability of using English thinking.1. Cultivating students' ability to use word formation to induce and memorize vocabulary, and the ability to use lexical chunks to express meaning.2. Guide the students to think independently and use the correct form of words to complete sentences3. Cultivate students' habit of using lexical chunks to express language completely, guide students to draw words in sentences quickly, pay attention to word collocation, so as to accumulate more authentic expressions4. Instruct students to create sentences with the chunks.1. Enable students to use the language points in the real situation or specific contexts flexibly and appropriately.2. Guiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Think of a word that best fits each definition.1. to remember sth2.to accept, admit, or recognize sth or the truth/existence of sth3. the process of changing sth or yourself to suit a new situation4 .to make sb feel less worried or unhappy5. a strong desire to achieve sth
你校英語報計劃出版一期急救常識???現(xiàn)面向全校學(xué)生公開征集稿件,你有意參加。請你根據(jù)下面提示內(nèi)容,用英語寫一篇短文,介紹在車禍現(xiàn)場對傷者進(jìn)行急救的方法和步驟。1.確?,F(xiàn)場的安全;2.詢問傷者,確保其呼吸正常;3.檢查傷口,如流血則應(yīng)采取止血措施;4.如需急救,確保其處于康復(fù)位置。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:康復(fù)位置 recovery positionAs we all know, having a knowledge of first aid can make a great difference in our daily life. If a traffic accident happens and someone is injured, the following steps can be used to treat the injured.In the first place, we should make sure that the accident scene is safe so that we won’t get hurt. We should ask the injured person if he is OK, and see if he is breathing. What’s more, we should check for cuts and wounds. If he is bleeding badly, it is vital that we should try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury. This is because if a person loses too much blood, he may die. If necessary, take the injured person to the hospital as soon as possible.Do remember: when giving first aid, please be sure to place the person in a recovery position.
The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply