4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說Who,其意思是問,對方想讓誰在開場時致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
2.陌生人初次見面打招呼What’s your name?(What’s = What is)Alan./I’m Alan./My name is AlanMiller.(first name,last name = family name)Are you Helen?Yes, I am.Niceto meet you.(這里的Iam 不能縮寫)Nice to meetyou, too.What’s his name?His name isJim.Is she Linda?
(二)?過程與方法? 4.?觀察生活中的慣性現(xiàn)象,了解力和運動的關(guān)系? 5.?通過實驗加深對牛頓第一定律的理解? 6.?理解理想實驗是科學(xué)研究的重要方法? (三)?情感態(tài)度與價值觀? 7.?通過伽利略和亞里士多德對力和運動關(guān)系的不同認(rèn)識,了解人類認(rèn)識事物本質(zhì)的曲折性? 8.?感悟科學(xué)是人類進步的不竭動力
有的學(xué)者還指出,要堅持集體主義還必須將集體主義的價值精神與社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的要求結(jié)合起來,批判地繼承計劃經(jīng)濟時代倡導(dǎo)的集體主義,合理地對其進行體系結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和內(nèi)容的更新,形成新的集體主義。與傳統(tǒng)的集體主義相比,這種新的集體主義應(yīng)具有如下兩個主要特點。其一,強調(diào)集體的出發(fā)點是為了維護集體成員的正當(dāng)個人利益。傳統(tǒng)的集體主義具有片面強調(diào)集體至上性、絕對性的弊端;新的集體主義必須依據(jù)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的現(xiàn)實要求,將集體應(yīng)當(dāng)對個人承擔(dān)的義務(wù)加以科學(xué)的闡釋。真正的集體應(yīng)該維護各個集體成員的個人利益,實現(xiàn)組成集體的各個主體的自我價值。這種新型的集體主義是對社會主義市場經(jīng)濟條件下社會關(guān)系的真實反映,既與個人主義有本質(zhì)區(qū)別,也不同于傳統(tǒng)的集體主義。其二,要體現(xiàn)道德要求的先進性與廣泛性的統(tǒng)一。
1.根據(jù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。本單元的主題是“生活智慧與時代精神”,課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求主要是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生“思考日常生活富有哲理的事例,感悟哲學(xué)是世界觀的學(xué)問,能夠開啟人的智慧”,“解釋哲學(xué)的基本問題”,“分析實例,說明真正的哲學(xué)是時代精神的精華,明確馬克思主義哲學(xué)在人類認(rèn)識史上的重要地位”。這些問題,綜合起來就是使學(xué)生明確哲學(xué)與我們生活的關(guān)系,認(rèn)識學(xué)習(xí)哲學(xué)特別是馬克思主義哲學(xué)對我們?nèi)松淖饔谩R虼耍骄勘締栴}有助于學(xué)生更好地理解本單元的內(nèi)容,完成本單元的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。2.根據(jù)學(xué)生的實際需要。學(xué)習(xí)哲學(xué)特別是馬克思主義哲學(xué),可以幫助學(xué)生樹立正確的世界觀、人生觀和價值觀,這也是學(xué)習(xí)哲學(xué)的主要目的。但在學(xué)生中還不同程度地存在著“哲學(xué)與我們的生活很遠”、“哲學(xué)與我無關(guān)”、“哲學(xué)對我將來從事自然科學(xué)的研究沒有什么用處”等認(rèn)識,這些都影響著學(xué)生對哲學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度和哲學(xué)作用的發(fā)揮。設(shè)置本探究問題,有助于幫助學(xué)生澄清這些模糊認(rèn)識。
一、教材分析本框共有兩個目題:第一目從實踐含義入手,引出實踐的三大特征;第二目從實踐是認(rèn)識的來源、是認(rèn)識發(fā)展的動力、是檢驗認(rèn)識的真理性的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、是認(rèn)識的目的和歸宿四個方面論述 了實踐是認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)。從地位上看,學(xué)好本框不僅有利于從總體上把握各課之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,而且能深刻理解馬克思主義哲學(xué)的鮮明特點和本質(zhì)特征,實現(xiàn)全書的教學(xué)目的,在全書中處于重要的地位。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識目標(biāo):識記實踐的含義、實踐的構(gòu)成要素、實踐的特點。理解實踐具有三個基本特征、實踐是認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)2.能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運用所學(xué)知識解決實際問題的能力3.情感、態(tài)度、價值觀目標(biāo):通過學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生樹立實踐第一的觀點,從而自覺投入到實踐之中去。三、教學(xué)重點難點重點:實踐是認(rèn)識的來源難點:實踐的基本特征
一、教材分析人教實驗版高中思想政治必修4第二單元第六課的第二框題。本框題所在單元的核心問題是如何看待我們周圍的世界,該問題也是《生活與哲學(xué)》整本書的核心問題之一。而對這一問題的解決,單元中最終是由“在實踐中追求和發(fā)展真理”來實現(xiàn)的。 本框題是所在單元的歸宿,是對物質(zhì)與意識、實踐與認(rèn)識關(guān)系的整體呈現(xiàn)與深華,是如何正確看到我們周圍世界問題在世界觀上的升華,是單元的最基本的知識目標(biāo)之一。 二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(一)知識目標(biāo):識記真理的含義;理解真理最基本屬性是客觀性、真理是有條件的、具體的,認(rèn)識具有反復(fù)性、無限性,在實踐中認(rèn)識、發(fā)現(xiàn)、檢驗、發(fā)展真理;分析“追求 真理是一個過程”。(二)能力目標(biāo):提高比較分析的能力和明辨是非的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具體問題具體分析的能力及用發(fā)展觀點看問題的能力。(三)情感、態(tài)度與價值觀目標(biāo):學(xué)會在現(xiàn)實生活中正確區(qū)分真理和謬誤,正確對待人生道路上面臨的挫折和困難,樹立在實踐中不斷認(rèn)識、豐富、發(fā)展真理的思想。
不可知論是否認(rèn)人們認(rèn)識世界或徹底改造世界的可能性的哲學(xué)學(xué)說。此概念首先由英國的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出,不可知論的思想在古代就已產(chǎn)生,歐洲近代的主要代表是休謨和康德。其本質(zhì)是把人的感覺看作是主觀和客觀之間的屏障而不是橋梁,不承認(rèn)在感覺之外有確實可靠的客觀外部世界的存在,不懂得認(rèn)識過程中本質(zhì)與現(xiàn)象、有限與無限的辯證關(guān)系。對不可知論最有力的駁斥是實踐。有時不可知論一詞也用以專指針對宗教教義而提出的一種學(xué)說,認(rèn)為上帝是否存在、靈魂是否不朽是不可知的。2.二元論二元論是認(rèn)為世界有兩個本原的哲學(xué)學(xué)說,與一元論相對立,它把物質(zhì)和意識絕對對立起來,認(rèn)為物質(zhì)和意識是兩個各自獨立、相互平行發(fā)展著的實體,誰也不產(chǎn)生誰,誰也不決定誰,都是世界的本原。它的觀點是錯誤的:它肯定精神不依賴于物質(zhì)而獨立存在,這本身就是唯心主義的觀點;它雖然承認(rèn)物質(zhì)是獨立的本原,但在說明物質(zhì)和精神的關(guān)系時,又把精神說成是唯一具有能動性的力量,必然倒向唯心主義。主要代表人物是法國的笛卡兒和德國的康德。
2.人工智能、信息及其對意識論的深化現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展,特別是以信息論、控制論、電子計算機科學(xué)和腦科學(xué)相結(jié)合為理論基礎(chǔ)的人工智能技術(shù)的發(fā)展,進一步證明了辯證唯物主義關(guān)于物質(zhì)和意識的相互關(guān)系的原理,也給這種現(xiàn)代唯物主義提出了需要深入探索和解釋的許多哲學(xué)問題。在這些問題之中,人工智能和信息尤為重要。人工智能是相對于人的自然智能而言的。所謂自然智能,是指人所特有的自覺的意識能力,特別是抽象思維能力。由于這種能力是人的一種天賦,所以將其稱為人的自然智能。所謂人工智能,則指憑借電子計算機所實現(xiàn)的對人的某些智能的模擬,通過這種思維模擬,使人的某些智能得以再現(xiàn)和放大。自從電子計算機在20世紀(jì)中期問世以來,其作用越來越廣泛,模擬功能越來越強,更新?lián)Q代越來越快,對生產(chǎn)和社會生活的影響也越來越大。自50年代中期開始,人工智能便以計算機作為主要的支持手段,逐漸發(fā)展成為一門新興的科學(xué)技術(shù)。
理想扎根在實踐的土壤中理想當(dāng)然是重要的,但是不能把理想當(dāng)成幻想或空想,理想必須扎根在實踐的土壤中。青年人充滿激情,這是非常重要的。古人有句話:“哀莫大于心死”。最大的悲哀就是沒有追求,就像一團火焰熄滅了一樣,即使到了我這個年紀(jì)也不能“哀莫大于心死”。青年人都有很高的激情,這是很好的。但是青年的激情往往不大穩(wěn)定,過去人們說青年人的熱情是“三分鐘的熱度”。這句話不一定準(zhǔn)確,但青年人在這一點上應(yīng)該有一個正確的認(rèn)識。記得我大學(xué)畢業(yè)時,對于走向社會、走向生活充滿了幻想,認(rèn)為生活中的一切都是美好的,是典型的理想主義者,因此,對自己不能正確的估價,好高騖遠,只愿做大事,不愿也不注意從小事積累。列寧說過,大事是由小事積累而成的。我當(dāng)初畢業(yè)時,一方面充滿了激情,另一方面也確實過高地估計了自己。
教學(xué)重點難點:1、哲學(xué)與時代的關(guān)系(重點)2、馬克思主義哲學(xué)是科學(xué)的世界觀和方法論(重點)3、實踐的觀點在馬克思主義哲學(xué)中占有重要的地位和作用(重點、難點)4、馬克思主義中國化的三大理論成果(重點)教學(xué)課時安排:3課時【導(dǎo)入新課】德國人和中國人一同坐火車從德國的法蘭克福去巴黎。途中上來一位客人,這位客人將手里端著的魚缸放在空座上。德國人開始發(fā)問:“您能告訴我這魚的名稱嗎?它在生物學(xué)上屬于什么類別?它在科學(xué)上的意義又是什么?”中國人則問:“這種魚是紅燒好吃,還是清蒸更好吃一點?”這一故事體現(xiàn)了中西方思維方式的差異,這一差異也折射出中西方哲學(xué)上的差異。西方哲學(xué)起源于古希臘哲學(xué),表現(xiàn)為對各種現(xiàn)象之后的原因的關(guān)注和對確定性的追求,強調(diào)理性認(rèn)知。中國哲學(xué)主要是儒家哲學(xué),主要集中在政治倫理方面,表現(xiàn)為對人的關(guān)懷和規(guī)范,強調(diào)感性體驗。中西方哲學(xué)為何出現(xiàn)這樣的差異?哲學(xué)與政治、經(jīng)濟有怎樣的關(guān)系?
【導(dǎo)入新課】2005年10月17日凌晨,5天前從酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心起航的“神舟”六號飛船,在平安飛行115個小時32分后重返神州,緩緩降落在內(nèi)蒙古四子王旗主著陸場的草地上。我國首次真正意義上有人參與的空間飛行試驗取得圓滿成功。 當(dāng)費俊龍和聶海勝先后自主出艙,面帶勝利的微笑,現(xiàn)場參試人員歡呼雀躍,億萬中華兒女為之自豪,幸福寫在每個人的臉上。神六飛行是一次非常完美的飛行任務(wù),又一次讓載人航天精神“從地面升到天空,從天空安全返回”。偉大的事業(yè)孕育偉大的精神。新一代航天人在攀登科技高峰的偉大征程中,以特有的崇高境界、頑強意志和杰出智慧,鑄就了載人航天精神,這就是特別能吃苦、特別能戰(zhàn)斗、特別能攻關(guān)、特別能奉獻的精神?!舅伎加懻摗俊皞ゴ蟮氖聵I(yè)孕育偉大的精神”體現(xiàn)怎樣的哲學(xué)道理?我國為什么要提倡發(fā)揚“特別能吃苦、特別能戰(zhàn)斗、特別能攻關(guān)、特別能奉獻”的載人航天精神?(人具有主觀能動性)
(三)合作探究 精講點撥一、發(fā)展的普遍性◇課堂探究:(1)從生命產(chǎn)生到人的出現(xiàn),經(jīng)歷了一個什么樣的過程?它說明了什么? (2)你認(rèn)為人類的體質(zhì)還會發(fā)展嗎?◇探究提示:(1)從生命產(chǎn)生到人的出現(xiàn),經(jīng)歷了從化學(xué)進化到生物進化的上升過程,最后產(chǎn)生了人類。人類的出現(xiàn)是自然界的一次巨大飛躍。它說明了自然界是不斷變化發(fā)展的。(2)會發(fā)展。因為人類社會也是一個不斷變化發(fā)展的過程。怎樣理解唯物辯證法講的發(fā)展的普遍性?(1)唯物辯證法所說的發(fā)展的普遍性包括三個層次:自然界是發(fā)展的、人類社會是發(fā)展的、人的認(rèn)識是發(fā)展的。(2)自然界是發(fā)展的。自然界總是處在由低級到高級、由簡單到復(fù)雜的運動過程中。自然界的發(fā)展是由物質(zhì)世界的相互聯(lián)系引起的。正是由于事物之間的相互作用,才構(gòu)成了事物的變化和發(fā)展。