Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)導(dǎo)致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅(jiān)信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進(jìn)未來(lái)。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)來(lái)探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來(lái),年輕人過(guò)度依賴手機(jī)是不對(duì)的,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)對(duì)他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學(xué)就“人類是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行宇宙探索”這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。有人認(rèn)為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來(lái)指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活;也有一些人認(rèn)為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下情況寫(xiě)一篇報(bào)告并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。注意:1.寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以上全部要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說(shuō)Who,其意思是問(wèn),對(duì)方想讓誰(shuí)在開(kāi)場(chǎng)時(shí)致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
新知探究我們知道,等差數(shù)列的特征是“從第2項(xiàng)起,每一項(xiàng)與它的前一項(xiàng)的差都等于同一個(gè)常數(shù)” 。類比等差數(shù)列的研究思路和方法,從運(yùn)算的角度出發(fā),你覺(jué)得還有怎樣的數(shù)列是值得研究的?1.兩河流域發(fā)掘的古巴比倫時(shí)期的泥版上記錄了下面的數(shù)列:9,9^2,9^3,…,9^10; ①100,100^2,100^3,…,100^10; ②5,5^2,5^3,…,5^10. ③2.《莊子·天下》中提到:“一尺之錘,日取其半,萬(wàn)世不竭.”如果把“一尺之錘”的長(zhǎng)度看成單位“1”,那么從第1天開(kāi)始,每天得到的“錘”的長(zhǎng)度依次是1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,… ④3.在營(yíng)養(yǎng)和生存空間沒(méi)有限制的情況下,某種細(xì)菌每20 min 就通過(guò)分裂繁殖一代,那么一個(gè)這種細(xì)菌從第1次分裂開(kāi)始,各次分裂產(chǎn)生的后代個(gè)數(shù)依次是2,4,8,16,32,64,… ⑤4.某人存入銀行a元,存期為5年,年利率為 r ,那么按照復(fù)利,他5年內(nèi)每年末得到的本利和分別是a(1+r),a〖(1+r)〗^2,a〖(1+r)〗^3,a〖(1+r)〗^4,a〖(1+r)〗^5 ⑥
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)在必修第一冊(cè)中,我們研究了函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,并利用函數(shù)單調(diào)性等知識(shí),定性的研究了一次函數(shù)、指數(shù)函數(shù)、對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)增長(zhǎng)速度的差異,知道“對(duì)數(shù)增長(zhǎng)” 是越來(lái)越慢的,“指數(shù)爆炸” 比“直線上升” 快得多,進(jìn)一步的能否精確定量的刻畫(huà)變化速度的快慢呢,下面我們就來(lái)研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題。新知探究問(wèn)題1 高臺(tái)跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)員的速度高臺(tái)跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)中,運(yùn)動(dòng)員在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中的重心相對(duì)于水面的高度h(單位:m)與起跳后的時(shí)間t(單位:s)存在函數(shù)關(guān)系h(t)=-4.9t2+4.8t+11.如何描述用運(yùn)動(dòng)員從起跳到入水的過(guò)程中運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢程度呢?直覺(jué)告訴我們,運(yùn)動(dòng)員從起跳到入水的過(guò)程中,在上升階段運(yùn)動(dòng)的越來(lái)越慢,在下降階段運(yùn)動(dòng)的越來(lái)越快,我們可以把整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間段分成許多小段,用運(yùn)動(dòng)員在每段時(shí)間內(nèi)的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。
求函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)的策略(1)先區(qū)分函數(shù)的運(yùn)算特點(diǎn),即函數(shù)的和、差、積、商,再根據(jù)導(dǎo)數(shù)的運(yùn)算法則求導(dǎo)數(shù);(2)對(duì)于三個(gè)以上函數(shù)的積、商的導(dǎo)數(shù),依次轉(zhuǎn)化為“兩個(gè)”函數(shù)的積、商的導(dǎo)數(shù)計(jì)算.跟蹤訓(xùn)練1 求下列函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù):(1)y=x2+log3x; (2)y=x3·ex; (3)y=cos xx.[解] (1)y′=(x2+log3x)′=(x2)′+(log3x)′=2x+1xln 3.(2)y′=(x3·ex)′=(x3)′·ex+x3·(ex)′=3x2·ex+x3·ex=ex(x3+3x2).(3)y′=cos xx′=?cos x?′·x-cos x·?x?′x2=-x·sin x-cos xx2=-xsin x+cos xx2.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2 求下列函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)(1)y=tan x; (2)y=2sin x2cos x2解析:(1)y=tan x=sin xcos x,故y′=?sin x?′cos x-?cos x?′sin x?cos x?2=cos2x+sin2xcos2x=1cos2x.(2)y=2sin x2cos x2=sin x,故y′=cos x.例5 日常生活中的飲用水通常是經(jīng)過(guò)凈化的,隨著水的純凈度的提高,所需進(jìn)化費(fèi)用不斷增加,已知將1t水進(jìn)化到純凈度為x%所需費(fèi)用(單位:元),為c(x)=5284/(100-x) (80<x<100)求進(jìn)化到下列純凈度時(shí),所需進(jìn)化費(fèi)用的瞬時(shí)變化率:(1) 90% ;(2) 98%解:凈化費(fèi)用的瞬時(shí)變化率就是凈化費(fèi)用函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù);c^' (x)=〖(5284/(100-x))〗^'=(5284^’×(100-x)-"5284 " 〖(100-x)〗^’)/〖(100-x)〗^2 =(0×(100-x)-"5284 " ×(-1))/〖(100-x)〗^2 ="5284 " /〖(100-x)〗^2
新知探究國(guó)際象棋起源于古代印度.相傳國(guó)王要獎(jiǎng)賞國(guó)際象棋的發(fā)明者,問(wèn)他想要什么.發(fā)明者說(shuō):“請(qǐng)?jiān)谄灞P(pán)的第1個(gè)格子里放上1顆麥粒,第2個(gè)格子里放上2顆麥粒,第3個(gè)格子里放上4顆麥粒,依次類推,每個(gè)格子里放的麥粒都是前一個(gè)格子里放的麥粒數(shù)的2倍,直到第64個(gè)格子.請(qǐng)給我足夠的麥粒以實(shí)現(xiàn)上述要求.”國(guó)王覺(jué)得這個(gè)要求不高,就欣然同意了.假定千粒麥粒的質(zhì)量為40克,據(jù)查,2016--2017年度世界年度小麥產(chǎn)量約為7.5億噸,根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù),判斷國(guó)王是否能實(shí)現(xiàn)他的諾言.問(wèn)題1:每個(gè)格子里放的麥粒數(shù)可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)數(shù)列,請(qǐng)判斷分析這個(gè)數(shù)列是否是等比數(shù)列?并寫(xiě)出這個(gè)等比數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式.是等比數(shù)列,首項(xiàng)是1,公比是2,共64項(xiàng). 通項(xiàng)公式為〖a_n=2〗^(n-1)問(wèn)題2:請(qǐng)將發(fā)明者的要求表述成數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題.
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ),它通常位于系動(dòng)詞后面,用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語(yǔ)的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容, 即主語(yǔ)等同于表語(yǔ), 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)令人激動(dòng)。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂(lè)。Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
有的學(xué)者還指出,要堅(jiān)持集體主義還必須將集體主義的價(jià)值精神與社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求結(jié)合起來(lái),批判地繼承計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代倡導(dǎo)的集體主義,合理地對(duì)其進(jìn)行體系結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和內(nèi)容的更新,形成新的集體主義。與傳統(tǒng)的集體主義相比,這種新的集體主義應(yīng)具有如下兩個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)。其一,強(qiáng)調(diào)集體的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是為了維護(hù)集體成員的正當(dāng)個(gè)人利益。傳統(tǒng)的集體主義具有片面強(qiáng)調(diào)集體至上性、絕對(duì)性的弊端;新的集體主義必須依據(jù)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)要求,將集體應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)個(gè)人承擔(dān)的義務(wù)加以科學(xué)的闡釋。真正的集體應(yīng)該維護(hù)各個(gè)集體成員的個(gè)人利益,實(shí)現(xiàn)組成集體的各個(gè)主體的自我價(jià)值。這種新型的集體主義是對(duì)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下社會(huì)關(guān)系的真實(shí)反映,既與個(gè)人主義有本質(zhì)區(qū)別,也不同于傳統(tǒng)的集體主義。其二,要體現(xiàn)道德要求的先進(jìn)性與廣泛性的統(tǒng)一。
民族精神是一個(gè)民族賴以生存和發(fā)展的精神支撐。一個(gè)民族,沒(méi)有振奮的精神和高尚的品格,不可能自立于世界民族之林?!拌F人”精神是“愛(ài)國(guó)、創(chuàng)業(yè)、求實(shí)、奉獻(xiàn)”的大慶精神的典型化、人格化。其主要方面包括:“為祖國(guó)分憂、為民族爭(zhēng)氣”的愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神;為“早日把中國(guó)石油落后的帽子甩到太平洋里去”,“寧肯少活二十年,拼命也要拿下大油田”的忘我拼搏精神;干事業(yè)“有條件要上,沒(méi)有條件創(chuàng)造條件也要上”的艱苦奮斗精神;“要為油田負(fù)責(zé)一輩子”,“干工作要經(jīng)得起子孫萬(wàn)代檢查”,對(duì)工作精益求精,為革命“練一身硬功夫、真本事”的科學(xué)求實(shí)精神;不計(jì)名利,不計(jì)報(bào)酬,埋頭苦干的“老黃牛”精神;等等。40多年來(lái),“鐵人”精神早已家喻戶曉,深入人心,成為大慶人的共同理想、信念和行為準(zhǔn)則?!拌F人”精神是對(duì)王進(jìn)喜崇高思想、優(yōu)秀品德的高度概括,體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)工人階級(jí)精神風(fēng)貌和中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德的完美結(jié)合?!拌F人”精神是戰(zhàn)勝困難、勇往直前、不斷取得新勝利的巨大精神力量?!拌F人”精神是我們強(qiáng)大的精神支柱。
(三)、中華之瑰寶.民族之驕傲1.我國(guó)各具特色的民族文化異彩紛呈.都為中華文化的形成和發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)(1)我國(guó)的雕刎建筑藝術(shù)是各族人民共同創(chuàng)造的,都是中華文化的瑰寶。例如:敦煌石窟、云岡石窟;克孜爾千佛洞等,是古代的漢族、鮮卑以及西域各族的藝術(shù)家和勞動(dòng)人民共同創(chuàng)造的。(2)許多少數(shù)民族用自己的語(yǔ)言文字創(chuàng)造了優(yōu)秀的民族文學(xué)。例如:藏族的《格薩爾王傳》、蒙古族的《江格爾》和柯?tīng)柨俗巫宓摹冬敿{斯》被并為三大英雄史詩(shī)?!笞⒁猓好褡逦幕钌畹伢w現(xiàn)著各民族的風(fēng)俗和精神面貌,通過(guò)一定的物質(zhì)展現(xiàn),可以表現(xiàn)在建筑、民族文學(xué)、舞蹈、習(xí)俗、信仰、衣著等方方面面?!簏c(diǎn)撥:“相關(guān)鏈接”中提到的《江格爾)是蒙古族衛(wèi)拉特郝英雄史詩(shī)。史詩(shī)的篇幸結(jié)構(gòu)、故事情節(jié)、語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格等具有蒙古族說(shuō)唱藝術(shù)的特點(diǎn)。從民族文學(xué)角度反映了本民族的文化生活.同時(shí)也為中華文化增添了絢麗色彩。◇課堂探究:(1)你還知道哪蝗少數(shù)民族舞蹈?它們務(wù)有什么特點(diǎn)?
1、追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo)的要求(1)在遵守公民基本道德規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)上,追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo),是一個(gè)不斷改造主觀世界的長(zhǎng)期過(guò)程。積極的、健康的、進(jìn)步的思想道德,總是舊消極的、有害的、落后的思想道德相比較而存存、相斗爭(zhēng)而發(fā)展的。只有形成正確的世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀,真正劃清唯物論與唯心論的界限,社會(huì)主義心想與封建主義、資本主義腐朽思想的界限,科學(xué)與迷信的界限,文明與愚昧的界限、才能切實(shí)增強(qiáng)識(shí)別和抵制各種錯(cuò)誤思潮的能力,為此,必須努力學(xué)習(xí)馬克思主義的科學(xué)理論,堅(jiān)定建沒(méi)小聞特色社會(huì)主義共同理想,逐步樹(shù)立共產(chǎn)主義遠(yuǎn)大理想。◇點(diǎn)撥:“專家點(diǎn)評(píng)”說(shuō)明了共同理想與最高理想的關(guān)系。(1)共同理想和最高理想的區(qū)別:含義不同。根據(jù)馬克思主義的科學(xué)預(yù)見(jiàn),共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)將是物質(zhì)財(cái)富極大豐富、人民精神境界極大提高,每個(gè)人自由而全面發(fā)展的社會(huì)。
2.人工智能、信息及其對(duì)意識(shí)論的深化現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展,特別是以信息論、控制論、電子計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和腦科學(xué)相結(jié)合為理論基礎(chǔ)的人工智能技術(shù)的發(fā)展,進(jìn)一步證明了辯證唯物主義關(guān)于物質(zhì)和意識(shí)的相互關(guān)系的原理,也給這種現(xiàn)代唯物主義提出了需要深入探索和解釋的許多哲學(xué)問(wèn)題。在這些問(wèn)題之中,人工智能和信息尤為重要。人工智能是相對(duì)于人的自然智能而言的。所謂自然智能,是指人所特有的自覺(jué)的意識(shí)能力,特別是抽象思維能力。由于這種能力是人的一種天賦,所以將其稱為人的自然智能。所謂人工智能,則指憑借電子計(jì)算機(jī)所實(shí)現(xiàn)的對(duì)人的某些智能的模擬,通過(guò)這種思維模擬,使人的某些智能得以再現(xiàn)和放大。自從電子計(jì)算機(jī)在20世紀(jì)中期問(wèn)世以來(lái),其作用越來(lái)越廣泛,模擬功能越來(lái)越強(qiáng),更新?lián)Q代越來(lái)越快,對(duì)生產(chǎn)和社會(huì)生活的影響也越來(lái)越大。自50年代中期開(kāi)始,人工智能便以計(jì)算機(jī)作為主要的支持手段,逐漸發(fā)展成為一門(mén)新興的科學(xué)技術(shù)。
探究活動(dòng)8(教材第72頁(yè)):“結(jié)合生活事例,談?wù)勀阍诿鎸?duì)復(fù)雜事物時(shí)是如何分析和解決矛盾的?”這一探究活動(dòng)是在學(xué)生還不了解主次矛盾的原理時(shí),讓他們回憶自己在生活中有沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)面對(duì)許多矛盾時(shí)是如何解決的經(jīng)歷。比如,每天面對(duì)很多作業(yè),先做哪門(mén)課作業(yè)后做哪門(mén)作業(yè),你是如何考慮的?在學(xué)校面對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)和社會(huì)工作,你是怎么安排的?在生活中,你遇到這樣的情況都是怎樣解決的?通過(guò)探究活動(dòng),使學(xué)生弄清主次矛盾的原理,學(xué)會(huì)用矛盾分析法分析問(wèn)題。探究活動(dòng)9(教材第73頁(yè)):“你在生活中是如何分析具體問(wèn)題的?”這一探究活動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“你”在生活中是如何運(yùn)用分析法分析具體問(wèn)題的,要緊緊圍繞學(xué)生這一中心,首先強(qiáng)調(diào)具體問(wèn)題具體分析的方法非常重要,這是馬克思主義的一個(gè)原則,是馬克思主義的活的靈魂。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)運(yùn)用這種分析方法分析看待自己,分析看待社會(huì)??梢越M織學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論、交流,還可以讓學(xué)生撰寫(xiě)小論文,寫(xiě)出自己運(yùn)用這種分析方法分析了哪些具體問(wèn)題,有哪些感受。
二是中國(guó)人口多、資源相對(duì)不足日益成為制約發(fā)展的突出矛盾。我國(guó)人均水資源擁有量?jī)H為世界平均水平的1/4,600多個(gè)城市中,400多個(gè)缺水,其中110個(gè)嚴(yán)重缺水。我國(guó)人均耕地?fù)碛辛坎坏绞澜缙骄降?0%。石油、天然氣、銅和鋁等重要礦產(chǎn)資源的人均儲(chǔ)量分別只占世界人均水平的8.3%、4.1%、25.5%、9.7%。三是我國(guó)這20年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,能源浪費(fèi)大、環(huán)境破壞嚴(yán)重等問(wèn)題日益凸顯,人與自然的矛盾從未像今天這樣突出。無(wú)序、無(wú)度的消耗,迅速透支我們寶貴的資源。以下是來(lái)自國(guó)家環(huán)保總局的一組沉甸甸的數(shù)據(jù)?!獜纳鲜兰o(jì)50到90年代,每年沙化土地?cái)U(kuò)大面積從560平方公里增加到2460平方公里,我國(guó)18個(gè)省的471個(gè)縣、近4億人口的耕地和家園正受到不同程度的荒漠化威脅?!?952年我國(guó)人均耕地2.82畝,2003年人均耕地減少到1.43畝,在各地轟轟烈烈的“圈地”熱潮中僅最近7年全國(guó)耕地就減少了1億畝,被占耕地大量閑置。
1.加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義文化建設(shè)的必要性在人類歷史的長(zhǎng)河中,各種思想文化總是相互沖擊、交匯、融合.奔騰向前,永不停息。今天,我們面對(duì)的文化有傳統(tǒng)的和現(xiàn)代的、外來(lái)的和本土的、進(jìn)步的和落后的、先進(jìn)的和腐朽的、積極的和頹廢的,等等。各種各樣的文化有吸納又有排斥,有融合又有斗爭(zhēng),有滲透又有抵御,呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的相互交織、相互激蕩之勢(shì)。在這種文化發(fā)展的大背景下,在我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)過(guò)程中,有必要弘揚(yáng)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義的主流文化,這樣有利于保證我國(guó)社會(huì)主義文化發(fā)展的方向。2.大力加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義文化建設(shè)(1)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義文化在我國(guó)文化生活中處于主導(dǎo)地位。中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義文化,始終堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)的理論武裝人,以正確的輿論引導(dǎo)人,以高尚的精神塑造人,以優(yōu)秀的作品鼓舞人,無(wú)論是思想內(nèi)容還是表現(xiàn)形式,都發(fā)揮著強(qiáng)有力的導(dǎo)向和示范作用。社會(huì)主義文化以其自身的科學(xué)性和先進(jìn)性,并依靠社會(huì)主義政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)力量,在人民大眾的文化生活中始終占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位。