-
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading and Thinking教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案：1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking＆Talking教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)二
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading for Writing教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)二
⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well－organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation？
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
4. A：We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B：↙Who?A：We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說Who，其意思是問，對方想讓誰在開場時致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading and Thinking教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)一
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
當(dāng)孩子們由父母陪同時，他們才被允許進(jìn)入這個運(yùn)動場。3．過去分詞(短語)作狀語時的幾種特殊情況(1)過去分詞(短語)在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時，相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的時間、條件、原因及讓步狀語從句。Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看，整個城市看起來更美了。Given ten more minutes (＝If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多給十分鐘，我們會完美地完成這項(xiàng)工作。Greatly touched by his words (＝Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的話深深地感動，她滿眼淚花。Warned of the storm (＝Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.盡管被警告了風(fēng)暴的到來，但農(nóng)民們?nèi)栽谵r(nóng)場干活。(2)過去分詞(短語)在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語時，可改為句子的并列謂語或改為并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (＝and was followed by two students)．后面跟著兩個學(xué)生，老師走進(jìn)了房間。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(＝and was accompanied by his mom)．他由母親陪著度過了一整個下午。
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Bridging Cultures-Discovering useful structures教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)蘇教版六年級下冊《第六單元第三課反比例關(guān)系、反比例量》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說課稿
提問：1．怎樣判斷兩種相關(guān)聯(lián)的量是否成正比例？用字母怎樣表示正比例關(guān)系？ 2．判斷下面兩種量是否成正比例？為什么？ (1)時間一定，行駛的路程和速度 (2)除數(shù)一定，被除數(shù)和商 3．單價(jià)、數(shù)量和總價(jià)之間有怎樣的關(guān)系？在什么條件下，兩種量成正比例？ 4．導(dǎo)入新課： 如果總價(jià)一定，單價(jià)和數(shù)量的變化有什么規(guī)律？這兩種量存在什么關(guān)系？今天，我們就來研究這種變化規(guī)律。
初中數(shù)學(xué)魯教版七年級上冊《第五章 位置與坐標(biāo) 1 確定位置》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)教案
1、通過同位之間互說座位位置，檢測知識目標(biāo)2、3的達(dá)成效果。2、通過導(dǎo)學(xué)案上的探究一，檢測知識目標(biāo)2、3的達(dá)成效果。 3、通過探究二，檢測知識目標(biāo)1、3的達(dá)成效果。 4、通過課堂反饋，檢測總體教學(xué)目標(biāo)的達(dá)成效果。本節(jié)課遵循分層施教的原則，以適應(yīng)不同學(xué)生的發(fā)展與提高，針對學(xué)生回答問題本著多鼓勵、少批評的原則，具體從以下幾方面進(jìn)行評價(jià)：1、通過學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考、參與小組交流和班級集體展示，教師課堂觀察學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)，了解學(xué)生對知識的理解和掌握情況。教師進(jìn)行適時的反應(yīng)評價(jià)，同時促進(jìn)學(xué)生的自評與互評。2、通過設(shè)計(jì)課堂互說座位、探究一、二及達(dá)標(biāo)檢測題，檢測學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)達(dá)成情況，同時有利于學(xué)生完成對自己的評價(jià)。3.通過課后作業(yè)，了解學(xué)生對本課時知識的掌握情況，同時又能檢測學(xué)生分析解決問題的方法和思路，完成教學(xué)反饋評價(jià)。
小學(xué)美術(shù)人教版六年級下冊《第15課我國古代建筑藝術(shù)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)說課稿
2重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)了解我國古代建筑的外觀造型、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)、群體布局、裝飾色彩。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)對我國古代建筑的欣賞感受能力，能夠從外觀、結(jié)構(gòu)、布局、裝飾、類別來欣賞祖國古代的建筑藝術(shù)。3教學(xué)過程3.1 第一學(xué)時教學(xué)活動活動1【導(dǎo)入】觀察建筑，點(diǎn)出建筑（設(shè)計(jì)意圖：了解建筑的基本特點(diǎn)）1、同學(xué)們，我們坐在什么地方？（教室）2、讓我們來觀察一下，它都有哪些部分組成？（墻壁、天花板、地面、門窗）3、還有什么地方有這些特點(diǎn)？（電影院、家… …）4、 [課件1：現(xiàn)代建筑]這些都叫做“建筑”。（板書）
高教版中職數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)模塊下冊：7.1《平面向量的概念及線性運(yùn)算》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
教 學(xué) 過 程教師 行為學(xué)生 行為教學(xué) 意圖時間 *揭示課題 7.1 平面向量的概念及線性運(yùn)算 *創(chuàng)設(shè)情境 興趣導(dǎo)入 如圖7－1所示，用100N①的力，按照不同的方向拉一輛車，效果一樣嗎？ 圖7－1 介紹 播放 課件 引導(dǎo) 分析 了解 觀看 課件 思考 自我 分析 從實(shí)例出發(fā)使學(xué)生自然的走向知識點(diǎn) 0 3*動腦思考 探索新知 【新知識】 在數(shù)學(xué)與物理學(xué)中，有兩種量．只有大小，沒有方向的量叫做數(shù)量（標(biāo)量），例如質(zhì)量、時間、溫度、面積、密度等．既有大小，又有方向的量叫做向量（矢量），例如力、速度、位移等． 我們經(jīng)常用箭頭來表示方向，帶有方向的線段叫做有向線段．通常使用有向線段來表示向量．線段箭頭的指向表示向量的方向，線段的長度表示向量的大?。鐖D7-2所示，有向線段的起點(diǎn)叫做平面向量的起點(diǎn)，有向線段的終點(diǎn)叫做平面向量的終點(diǎn)．以A為起點(diǎn)，B為終點(diǎn)的向量記作．也可以使用小寫英文字母，印刷用黑體表示，記作a；手寫時應(yīng)在字母上面加箭頭，記作． 圖7－2 平面內(nèi)的有向線段表示的向量稱為平面向量． 向量的大小叫做向量的模．向量a, 的模依次記作，． 模為零的向量叫做零向量．記作0，零向量的方向是不確定的． 模為1的向量叫做單位向量． 總結(jié) 歸納 仔細(xì) 分析 講解 關(guān)鍵 詞語 思考 理解 記憶 帶領(lǐng) 學(xué)生 分析 引導(dǎo) 式啟 發(fā)學(xué) 生得 出結(jié) 果 10
雙曲線的簡單幾何性質(zhì)（1）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊
問題導(dǎo)學(xué)類比橢圓幾何性質(zhì)的研究，你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該研究雙曲線x^2/a^2 -y^2/b^2 =1 (a>0，b>0)，的哪些幾何性質(zhì)，如何研究這些性質(zhì)1、范圍利用雙曲線的方程求出它的范圍，由方程x^2/a^2 -y^2/b^2 =1可得x^2/a^2 =1+y^2/b^2 ≥1 于是，雙曲線上點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)（ x ， y ）都適合不等式，x^2/a^2 ≥1，y∈R所以x≥a 或x≤-a; y∈R2、對稱性 x^2/a^2 -y^2/b^2 =1 (a>0，b>0)，關(guān)于x軸、y軸和原點(diǎn)都是對稱。x軸、y軸是雙曲線的對稱軸，原點(diǎn)是對稱中心，又叫做雙曲線的中心。3、頂點(diǎn)（1）雙曲線與對稱軸的交點(diǎn)，叫做雙曲線的頂點(diǎn) .頂點(diǎn)是A_1 （-a,0）、A_2 （a,0），只有兩個。（2）如圖，線段A_1 A_2 叫做雙曲線的實(shí)軸，它的長為2a,a叫做實(shí)半軸長；線段B_1 B_2 叫做雙曲線的虛軸，它的長為2b,b叫做雙曲線的虛半軸長。（3）實(shí)軸與虛軸等長的雙曲線叫等軸雙曲線4、漸近線（1）雙曲線x^2/a^2 -y^2/b^2 =1 (a>0，b>0)，的漸近線方程為：y=±b/a x（2）利用漸近線可以較準(zhǔn)確的畫出雙曲線的草圖
拋物線的簡單幾何性質(zhì)（1）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊
問題導(dǎo)學(xué)類比用方程研究橢圓雙曲線幾何性質(zhì)的過程與方法，y2 = 2px (p＞0)你認(rèn)為應(yīng)研究拋物線的哪些幾何性質(zhì)，如何研究這些性質(zhì)？1. 范圍拋物線 y2 = 2px (p＞0) 在 y 軸的右側(cè)，開口向右，這條拋物線上的任意一點(diǎn)M 的坐標(biāo) (x, y) 的橫坐標(biāo)滿足不等式 x ≥ 0；當(dāng)x 的值增大時，|y| 也增大，這說明拋物線向右上方和右下方無限延伸．拋物線是無界曲線．2. 對稱性觀察圖象，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，拋物線 y2 = 2px (p＞0)關(guān)于 x 軸對稱，我們把拋物線的對稱軸叫做拋物線的軸．拋物線只有一條對稱軸． 3. 頂點(diǎn)拋物線和它軸的交點(diǎn)叫做拋物線的頂點(diǎn).拋物線的頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)是坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn) (0, 0) ．4. 離心率拋物線上的點(diǎn)M 到焦點(diǎn)的距離和它到準(zhǔn)線的距離的比，叫做拋物線的離心率. 用 e 表示，e = 1．探究如果拋物線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程是〖 y〗^2=-2px(p>0), ②〖 x〗^2=2py(p>0), ③〖 x〗^2=-2py(p>0), ④
拋物線的簡單幾何性質(zhì)（2）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊
二、直線與拋物線的位置關(guān)系設(shè)直線l:y=kx+m,拋物線:y2=2px(p>0),將直線方程與拋物線方程聯(lián)立整理成關(guān)于x的方程k2x2+2(km-p)x+m2=0.(1)若k≠0,當(dāng)Δ>0時,直線與拋物線相交,有兩個交點(diǎn);當(dāng)Δ=0時,直線與拋物線相切,有一個切點(diǎn);當(dāng)Δ<0時,直線與拋物線相離,沒有公共點(diǎn).(2)若k=0,直線與拋物線有一個交點(diǎn),此時直線平行于拋物線的對稱軸或與對稱軸重合.因此直線與拋物線有一個公共點(diǎn)是直線與拋物線相切的必要不充分條件.二、典例解析例5.過拋物線焦點(diǎn)F的直線交拋物線于A、B兩點(diǎn)，通過點(diǎn)A和拋物線頂點(diǎn)的直線交拋物線的準(zhǔn)線于點(diǎn)D，求證：直線DB平行于拋物線的對稱軸．【分析】設(shè)拋物線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為：y2＝2px（p＞0）．設(shè)A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2）．直線OA的方程為： ＝ ＝ ，可得yD＝ ．設(shè)直線AB的方程為：my＝x﹣ ，與拋物線的方程聯(lián)立化為y2﹣2pm﹣p2＝0，
拋物線及其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊
本節(jié)課選自《2019人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊》第二章《直線和圓的方程》，本節(jié)課主要學(xué)習(xí)拋物線及其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程在經(jīng)歷了橢圓和雙曲線的學(xué)習(xí)后再學(xué)習(xí)拋物線，是在學(xué)生原有認(rèn)知的基礎(chǔ)上從幾何與代數(shù)兩 個角度去認(rèn)識拋物線.教材在拋物線的定義這個內(nèi)容的安排上是：先從直觀上認(rèn)識拋物線，再從畫法中提煉出拋物線的幾何特征，由此抽象概括出拋物線的定義，最后是拋物線定義的簡單應(yīng)用.這樣的安排不僅體現(xiàn)出《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中要求通過豐富的實(shí)例展開教學(xué)的理念，而且符合學(xué)生從具體到抽象的認(rèn)知規(guī)律，有利于學(xué)生對概念的學(xué)習(xí)和理解.坐標(biāo)法的教學(xué)貫穿了整個“圓錐曲線方程”一章，是學(xué)生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握的基本數(shù)學(xué)方法 運(yùn)動變化和對立統(tǒng)一的思想觀點(diǎn)在這節(jié)知識中得到了突出體現(xiàn)，我們必須充分利用好這部分教材進(jìn)行教學(xué)
雙曲線的簡單幾何性質(zhì)（2）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊
二、典例解析例4．如圖，雙曲線型冷卻塔的外形，是雙曲線的一部分，已知塔的總高度為137.5m，塔頂直徑為90m，塔的最小直徑(喉部直徑)為60m，喉部標(biāo)高112.5m，試建立適當(dāng)?shù)淖鴺?biāo)系，求出此雙曲線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程（精確到1m）解:設(shè)雙曲線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為 ，如圖所示：為喉部直徑，故 ，故雙曲線方程為 .而 的橫坐標(biāo)為塔頂直徑的一半即 ，其縱坐標(biāo)為塔的總高度與喉部標(biāo)高的差即 ，故 ，故 ，所以 ，故雙曲線方程為 .例5．已知點(diǎn) 到定點(diǎn) 的距離和它到定直線l: 的距離的比是 ，則點(diǎn) 的軌跡方程為?解：設(shè)點(diǎn) ，由題知, ，即 .整理得： .請你將例5與橢圓一節(jié)中的例6比較，你有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？例6、 過雙曲線 的右焦點(diǎn)F2,傾斜角為30度的直線交雙曲線于A,B兩點(diǎn),求|AB|.分析:求弦長問題有兩種方法:法一:如果交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)易求,可直接用兩點(diǎn)間距離公式代入求弦長;法二:但有時為了簡化計(jì)算,常設(shè)而不求,運(yùn)用韋達(dá)定理來處理.解：由雙曲線的方程得，兩焦點(diǎn)分別為F1(-3,0),F2(3,0).因?yàn)橹本€AB的傾斜角是30°，且直線經(jīng)過右焦點(diǎn)F2，所以，直線AB的方程為
雙曲線及其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊
∵在△EFP中,|EF|=2c,EF上的高為點(diǎn)P的縱坐標(biāo),∴S△EFP=4/3c2=12,∴c=3,即P點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(5,4).由兩點(diǎn)間的距離公式|PE|=√("(" 5+3")" ^2+4^2 )=4√5,|PF|=√("(" 5"-" 3")" ^2+4^2 )=2√5,∴a=√5.又b2=c2-a2=4,故所求雙曲線的方程為x^2/5-y^2/4=1.5.求適合下列條件的雙曲線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程.(1)兩個焦點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)分別是(-5,0),(5,0),雙曲線上的點(diǎn)與兩焦點(diǎn)的距離之差的絕對值等于8;(2)以橢圓x^2/8+y^2/5=1長軸的端點(diǎn)為焦點(diǎn),且經(jīng)過點(diǎn)(3,√10);(3)a=b,經(jīng)過點(diǎn)(3,-1).解:(1)由雙曲線的定義知,2a=8,所以a=4,又知焦點(diǎn)在x軸上,且c=5,所以b2=c2-a2=25-16=9,所以雙曲線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為x^2/16-y^2/9=1.(2)由題意得,雙曲線的焦點(diǎn)在x軸上,且c=2√2.設(shè)雙曲線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為x^2/a^2 -y^2/b^2 =1(a>0,b>0),則有a2+b2=c2=8,9/a^2 -10/b^2 =1,解得a2=3,b2=5.故所求雙曲線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為x^2/3-y^2/5=1.(3)當(dāng)焦點(diǎn)在x軸上時,可設(shè)雙曲線方程為x2-y2=a2,將點(diǎn)(3,-1)代入,得32-(-1)2=a2,所以a2=b2=8.因此,所求的雙曲線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為x^2/8-y^2/8=1.當(dāng)焦點(diǎn)在y軸上時,可設(shè)雙曲線方程為y2-x2=a2,將點(diǎn)(3,-1)代入,得(-1)2-32=a2,a2=-8,不可能,所以焦點(diǎn)不可能在y軸上.綜上,所求雙曲線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為x^2/8-y^2/8=1.
橢圓的簡單幾何性質(zhì)（1）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊
1.判斷 (1)橢圓x^2/a^2 +y^2/b^2 =1(a>b>0)的長軸長是a. ( )(2)若橢圓的對稱軸為坐標(biāo)軸,長軸長與短軸長分別為10,8,則橢圓的方程為x^2/25+y^2/16=1. ( )(3)設(shè)F為橢圓x^2/a^2 +y^2/b^2 =1(a>b>0)的一個焦點(diǎn),M為其上任一點(diǎn),則|MF|的最大值為a+c(c為橢圓的半焦距). ( )答案:(1)× (2)× (3)√ 2.已知橢圓C:x^2/a^2 +y^2/4=1的一個焦點(diǎn)為(2,0),則C的離心率為( )A.1/3 B.1/2 C.√2/2 D.(2√2)/3解析:∵a2=4+22=8,∴a=2√2.∴e=c/a=2/(2√2)=√2/2.故選C.答案:C 三、典例解析例1已知橢圓C1:x^2/100+y^2/64=1,設(shè)橢圓C2與橢圓C1的長軸長、短軸長分別相等,且橢圓C2的焦點(diǎn)在y軸上.(1)求橢圓C1的半長軸長、半短軸長、焦點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)及離心率;(2)寫出橢圓C2的方程,并研究其性質(zhì).解:(1)由橢圓C1:x^2/100+y^2/64=1,可得其半長軸長為10,半短軸長為8,焦點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(6,0),(-6,0),離心率e=3/5.(2)橢圓C2:y^2/100+x^2/64=1.性質(zhì)如下:①范圍:-8≤x≤8且-10≤y≤10;②對稱性:關(guān)于x軸、y軸、原點(diǎn)對稱;③頂點(diǎn):長軸端點(diǎn)(0,10),(0,-10),短軸端點(diǎn)(-8,0),(8,0);④焦點(diǎn):(0,6),(0,-6);⑤離心率:e=3/5.
橢圓的簡單幾何性質(zhì)（2）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊
二、典例解析例5. 如圖，一種電影放映燈的反射鏡面是旋轉(zhuǎn)橢圓面（橢圓繞其對稱軸旋轉(zhuǎn)一周形成的曲面）的一部分。過對稱軸的截口 ABC是橢圓的一部分，燈絲位于橢圓的一個焦點(diǎn)F_1上，片門位另一個焦點(diǎn)F_2上，由橢圓一個焦點(diǎn)F_1 發(fā)出的光線，經(jīng)過旋轉(zhuǎn)橢圓面反射后集中到另一個橢圓焦點(diǎn)F_2，已知 〖BC⊥F_1 F〗_2，|F_1 B|=2.8cm, |F_1 F_2 |=4.5cm,試建立適當(dāng)?shù)钠矫嬷苯亲鴺?biāo)系，求截口ABC所在的橢圓方程(精確到0.1cm)典例解析解：建立如圖所示的平面直角坐標(biāo)系，設(shè)所求橢圓方程為x^2/a^2 +y^2/b^2 =1 (a>b>0) 在Rt ΔBF_1 F_2中,|F_2 B|= √(|F_1 B|^2+|F_1 F_2 |^2 )=√(〖2.8〗^2 〖+4.5〗^2 ) 有橢圓的性質(zhì) , |F_1 B|+|F_2 B|=2 a, 所以a=1/2(|F_1 B|+|F_2 B|)=1/2(2.8+√(〖2.8〗^2 〖+4.5〗^2 )) ≈4.1b= √(a^2 〖-c〗^2 ) ≈3.4所以所求橢圓方程為x^2/〖4.1〗^2 +y^2/〖3.4〗^2 =1 利用橢圓的幾何性質(zhì)求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程的思路1．利用橢圓的幾何性質(zhì)求橢圓的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程時，通常采用待定系數(shù)法，其步驟是：(1)確定焦點(diǎn)位置；(2)設(shè)出相應(yīng)橢圓的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程(對于焦點(diǎn)位置不確定的橢圓可能有兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程)；(3)根據(jù)已知條件構(gòu)造關(guān)于參數(shù)的關(guān)系式，利用方程(組)求參數(shù)，列方程(組)時常用的關(guān)系式有b2＝a2－c2等．
用空間向量研究距離、夾角問題（1）教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)選擇性必修第一冊
二、探究新知一、點(diǎn)到直線的距離、兩條平行直線之間的距離1.點(diǎn)到直線的距離已知直線l的單位方向向量為μ,A是直線l上的定點(diǎn),P是直線l外一點(diǎn).設(shè)(AP) ?=a,則向量(AP) ?在直線l上的投影向量(AQ) ?=(a·μ)μ.點(diǎn)P到直線l的距離為PQ=√(a^2 "-(" a"·" μ")" ^2 ).2.兩條平行直線之間的距離求兩條平行直線l,m之間的距離,可在其中一條直線l上任取一點(diǎn)P,則兩條平行直線間的距離就等于點(diǎn)P到直線m的距離.點(diǎn)睛：點(diǎn)到直線的距離,即點(diǎn)到直線的垂線段的長度,由于直線與直線外一點(diǎn)確定一個平面,所以空間點(diǎn)到直線的距離問題可轉(zhuǎn)化為空間某一個平面內(nèi)點(diǎn)到直線的距離問題.1.已知正方體ABCD-A1B1C1D1的棱長為2,E,F分別是C1C,D1A1的中點(diǎn),則點(diǎn)A到直線EF的距離為 . 答案: √174/6解析:如圖,以點(diǎn)D為原點(diǎn),DA,DC,DD1所在直線分別為x軸、y軸、z軸建立空間直角坐標(biāo)系,則A(2,0,0),E(0,2,1),F(1,0,2),(EF) ?=(1,-2,1),