步驟四:展示點評、質(zhì)疑探究展示小組展示討論論成果,要求每組B、C層次學生進行展示。展示結(jié)束后由點評同學對展示結(jié)果進行點評,要求先點評對錯;再點評思路方法和應注意的問題。既要有結(jié)論,又要有分析,力爭有相關(guān)的總結(jié)和拓展。下面的同學注意傾聽、思考,關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容做好筆記,有補充或不明白的地方及時、大膽提出,力爭全部過關(guān),解決疑難點。根據(jù)學生點評結(jié)果,教師適當點評拓展。步驟五:拓展提升、總結(jié)升華簡單扼要的課堂小結(jié),系統(tǒng)回顧知識,強化學生對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物質(zhì)循環(huán)的認識。環(huán)節(jié)三:課后檢測布置訓練內(nèi)容,鞏固知識。五、課后反思:本堂課采用我校163高效課堂模式,通過小組合作探究、展示自我、互相點評的方式完成整堂課的教學內(nèi)容,充分突出了新課標中以學生為主體的指導思想。教學過程中,依據(jù)學生的個性差異,提出不同要求,布置不同任務,讓不同層次的學生都能參與其中,調(diào)動全體學生的積極性,促進全體學生的發(fā)展。
教師通過引導學生看課本的“資料分析”,要求學生從中得出生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的信息傳遞在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的作用。學生通過分析、討論可以得出結(jié)論,這時教師要適時的點撥,給予小結(jié),并引導學生站在整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的角度去分析信息傳遞,并和能量流動、物質(zhì)循環(huán)聯(lián)系在一起,說明它們都是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)各組分必不可少的一部分,同時指出信息傳遞是長期的生物進化的結(jié)果。學生了解了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中信息傳遞的作用后,教師適時進行話題的轉(zhuǎn)移,“我們學習信息傳遞,是為了更好的利用它,誰能說出信息傳遞在我們生產(chǎn)和生活中應用方面的例子”?學生們這時就開始討論了,他們可能做不出正確的回答,但他們卻能舉出生活中有關(guān)信息傳遞的許多例子。討論幾分鐘后,讓看看信息傳遞在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中有哪些應用吧?使教學回歸課本,使知識得以沉淀,形成自己牢固的知識體系。(依時可以安排學生自學)
【設(shè)計意圖】通過認識自我這一環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)計,讓學生能夠準確的理解矛盾的主次方面,做到能夠正確的評價事物,尤其是能夠正確的認識評價自己和他人,做到揚長避短,從而達到情感態(tài)度價值觀目標。為了更好的區(qū)分主次矛盾與矛盾的主次方面,在此我以小組賽的形式設(shè)計了【我用我學正確識別】這一學生合作探究活動來強化對知識的掌握。(用時大約6分鐘)。通過對難點主次矛盾和矛盾主次方面的深入學習,師生共同找出其共同之處:均是兩點與重點,從而講解主次矛盾和矛盾主次方面共同的方法論要求:堅持兩點論與重點論的統(tǒng)一。3、堅持具體問題具體分析(約8分鐘)由于第二目知識點具體問題具體分析內(nèi)容上比較簡單,因此在過渡后主要以學生自學為主,我圍繞“成功”制作兩個幻燈片作簡單講解與歸納。
五.說教學過程:(重點)1.課題引入:課堂探究導入新課。采用教材現(xiàn)成的探究活動導入新課,既“溫故”又“知新”,還節(jié)約了課堂有效時間。2.講授新課:(20-25分鐘)本課的重難點是關(guān)于哲學基本問題的解釋,我引用一個很著名的學生也略知一二的唯心主義觀點的例子(課堂探究1)順利進入本課重要知識點的學習,采用案例教學,激發(fā)學生的興趣以及探究問題的欲望,學習哲學基本問題的第一個方面,并用問題和練習形式鞏固知識,強化學生易錯已混知識點;課堂探究2,同樣引用哲學上的著名案例讓學生分析探究思考以及合作交流,學生趣味濃厚,主動深入學習本課知識,達到預期教學目的。此時,本課的重點知識教學完成。關(guān)于本課的第二個知識點“為什么思維和存在的關(guān)系問題是哲學的基本問題”采用學生自主閱讀、合作交流的方法,歸納總結(jié),完成本知識目標。3.課堂反饋、知識遷移(10-15分鐘)采用學生總結(jié)、隨堂練習等形式鞏固本課知識,同時檢驗教學效果。可使學生更深刻的理解教學重點。
2、系統(tǒng)的基本特征系統(tǒng)觀念為人們把握復雜事物提供了一系列科學方法和原則。第一,整體性原則。第二,有序性原則。第三,優(yōu)化原則。學生的興趣被激發(fā),可以再調(diào)起高潮,讓學生聽一首歌曲,三個和尚挑水,讓學生從愉快的歌聲中,明白一個道理:“三個和尚沒水喝”,導致這一結(jié)果的根本原因就在于人數(shù)雖然多了,但沒有形成合理的結(jié)構(gòu),不是相互支持,相互促進,而是相互制肘、相互消磨,結(jié)果各要素的力量或作用被內(nèi)耗了,出現(xiàn)了1+1<2的效應。所以,就要求我們一定要做到:3、掌握系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的方法的要求(1)著眼于事物的整體性;遵循系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的有序性;注重系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化趨向。(2)用綜合的思維方式來認識事物鞏固練習:以鞏固知識為基礎(chǔ),培養(yǎng)能力為目標。
3.要與時俱進,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神,促成新事物的成長(板書)(1)以智引入,知識遷移:考考你:有十個人,要求他們站成五排,每排四人。應該怎樣站?(2)以議誘思:研究一個課題:去和尚廟推銷梳子(3)以境誘思:毛澤東思想――鄧小平理論――三個代表重要思想。理論創(chuàng)新。我的中國心計算機、手機、DVD、數(shù)碼相機等電子產(chǎn)品,沒有一顆中國芯。??萍紕?chuàng)新。小結(jié),用發(fā)展的觀點看問題,必須把三者結(jié)合起來。兩個推銷員。刻舟求劍。反面說明用發(fā)展的觀點看問題。(三)課堂總結(jié)教師:同學們,我們今天主要講了以下幾個問題:第一,要把事物如實地看成一個變化發(fā)展的過程;第二,要弄清事物在其發(fā)展過程中所處的階段和地位;第三,要有創(chuàng)新精神,促進新事物的成長。總而言之,世界上萬事萬物都是變化發(fā)展的,不能用一成不變的眼光看待人和事,我們要正確的想問題、辦事情,必須堅持用發(fā)展的眼光看問題。
“蛟龍?zhí)枴鄙顫撈鞯目傇O(shè)計師——中船重工第七〇二研究所的徐芑南,他先后三次被評為江蘇省和無錫市勞模,曾被評為上海市科技功臣,有十幾個國家、部、省、市級科技進步獎項與他的名字相聯(lián)。在徐芑南眼中,這些都只是“副產(chǎn)品”,為國家設(shè)計出最需要的潛水器,讓中國具備從“淺藍”走向“深藍”的能力,這才是他最大的愿望。每當說到大洋的海底世界,徐芑南的語速快了起來:“海底有好多資源,等著我們?nèi)グl(fā)現(xiàn)、去利用,我們不能落在別人的后面!”海底有石油,海底有許多未知的生物,還有錳結(jié)核、鈷結(jié)殼、熱液硫化物……“蛟龍?zhí)枴钡牧㈨椖康木褪菫榱颂矫魃衩氐纳詈J澜纾旄H祟?。探究活動二:結(jié)合材料和教材,闡述創(chuàng)新與人類思維方式變革的關(guān)系。(設(shè)計意圖)通過學生們感興趣的材料,對本課的教學難點加以突破。
“最佳實踐者”活動凸顯了“尊重勞動”的理念。運用歷史唯物主義有關(guān)原理。說明為什么藥“尊重勞動”。(10分)參考答案:①生產(chǎn)方式是社會存在和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),生產(chǎn)力是社會發(fā)展的最終決定力量,尊重勞動是尊重社會發(fā)展規(guī)律的必然要求;(3分)③人民群眾是歷史的創(chuàng)造者,尊重勞動是尊重人民群眾社會實踐主體地位的要求;(2分)④尊重勞動是以人民群眾利益為最高價值標準的必然要求;(2分)⑤勞動者的價值通過勞動實現(xiàn),尊重勞動是尊重實踐、提高勞動者積極性和創(chuàng)造性的必然要求。(3分)七、教學反思本節(jié)課教學目標明確,教學重點、難點設(shè)置恰當,教學過程詳略得當,教學過程流暢。教師充分利用時政熱點和生活故事,創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,使學生融入教學活動過程之中,充分發(fā)揮了學生的主體作用,在體驗中提高了認識能力和知識水平,促進了學生的理解能力、思維能力和解決問題的能力,促進了學生的發(fā)展。
學生回答:推動社會發(fā)展的矛盾是:生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的矛盾,經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)和上層建筑的矛盾。問題:你知道人類社會存在和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)嗎?學生回答,步步深入。社會發(fā)展的規(guī)律是生產(chǎn)關(guān)系一定要適合生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的規(guī)律,上層建筑一定要適合經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)狀況的規(guī)律。你是如何理解這兩個規(guī)律的?請舉例說明。那么你是如何理解這一規(guī)律的,請舉例說明學生閱讀教材第二目,并舉例說明。培養(yǎng)學生自我學習能力。教師歸納:總結(jié)生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)和上層建筑的辯證關(guān)系原理。過渡:我們掌握了社會發(fā)展的規(guī)律,那么同學們來說一下,社會發(fā)展呈什么趨勢?這一趨勢怎么實現(xiàn)的?社會矛盾的解決方式有幾種,為什么會有這么的區(qū)別,我們國家的矛盾解決靠什么方式來完成?學生閱讀教材第三目,學生分組合作探究,交流發(fā)言。設(shè)計意圖:提升推導能力,引導深化認識。教師歸納總結(jié):社會歷史發(fā)展的總趨勢是前進的、上升的,發(fā)展的過程是曲折的。
1.做學問之前首先學會做人2.知識文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng)的關(guān)系三.追求更高的思想道德目標㈤ 說教學評價和反思:1.這節(jié)課主要是以學生為主體,老師為主導,讓學生充分發(fā)表自己的看法,把理論的知識結(jié)合在實際的日常生活中,鼓勵學生充分發(fā)表自己的意見,能調(diào)動學生學習的積極性,達到教學目的。這節(jié)課學生討論,發(fā)言的機會很多,但由于我校的學生的基礎(chǔ)薄弱,在發(fā)言時難免偏離老師引導的方向,甚至出現(xiàn)毫不相干的說法,由于本人經(jīng)驗不夠此時如何去引導他們可能做的還不夠好。2.新課程的教學,如何突破書本知識的局限,延伸更深層次的內(nèi)容是一個難題。本節(jié)課在知識的處理上,把道德的重要性與道德的層次兩個知識點補充了進去,目的是讓學生在學習之前有一個情感的鋪墊,從而更好地達到教學目標。
由此引導學生的深思,學生通過合作探究,幫助學生認識到不注重思想道德修養(yǎng),即使掌握了豐富的科學知識,也難以避免人格上的缺失,甚至危害社會。進而總結(jié)出關(guān)系二:加強思想道德修養(yǎng),能夠促進科學文化修養(yǎng)??茖W文化修養(yǎng)的意義播放感動中國人物徐本禹先進事跡短片。學生觀看完視頻后,思考:從徐本禹的事跡中,我們可以了解到我們加強科學文化修養(yǎng)的根本意義是什么?引導學生結(jié)合自身體會,發(fā)表各自見解,在此基礎(chǔ)上幫助學生總結(jié)出,要使自己的思想道德境界不斷升華,為人民服務的本領(lǐng)不斷提高,成為一個真正有知識文化涵養(yǎng)的人,成為一個脫離低級趣味的人、有益于人民的人。知識點三:追求更高的思想道德目標根據(jù)教材110探究活動(思想道德的差異、反應人們世界觀、人生觀、價值觀的差異)思考:用公民的基本道德規(guī)范來衡量這些觀點,你贊成哪些觀點?反對哪些觀點?小組進行合作探究,引導學生根據(jù)公民基本道德規(guī)范對這些價值觀進行評析。
1、教材分析 本課選自普通高中課程標準實驗教材,人民教育出版社歷史必修(1),第六單元:現(xiàn)代中國的政治建設(shè)與祖國統(tǒng)一,第22課——祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)。祖國統(tǒng)一始終是中國人民的共同夙愿。本課內(nèi)容主要敘述了“一國兩制”的偉大構(gòu)想,為完成祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)提出了一個創(chuàng)造性的指導方針。香港、澳門的回歸,是“一國兩制” 偉大構(gòu)想的成功實踐。在“一國兩制”方針指導下,海峽兩岸實現(xiàn)了一次歷史性的突破。揭示了“一國兩制” 的構(gòu)想,對推動完成祖國完全統(tǒng)一大業(yè),實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興具有現(xiàn)實指導意義。 2、學情分析通過調(diào)查知道,學生對本節(jié)的基本史實有一定了解。但是,高一新生習慣于知識的記憶和教師的講解,不能深入分析歷史現(xiàn)象的內(nèi)涵和外延;不能進一步探究事物的因果關(guān)系和理解事物的本質(zhì);并且需要進一步拓展思維的廣度和深度,實現(xiàn)從一維目標到三維目標的飛躍。
情景導入:......運用情景營造氣氛,激發(fā)學生的求知欲望,幫助學生聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實問題,學習歷史,拉近歷史與現(xiàn)實的距離,引導學生關(guān)注時政熱點,關(guān)心國家大事。自主學習:組織學生閱讀課文,老師參與學生閱讀活動并板書知識結(jié)構(gòu)。通過學生自主學習,培養(yǎng)學生自學能力,為進一步好好學習打下基礎(chǔ)。交流學習:學生自學以后,老師引導學生相互交流自學成果,學生自主提出問題,相互解答,從而達到生生互動、師生互動,在互動中學習,共同提高
導語在必修第一冊中,我們研究了函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,并利用函數(shù)單調(diào)性等知識,定性的研究了一次函數(shù)、指數(shù)函數(shù)、對數(shù)函數(shù)增長速度的差異,知道“對數(shù)增長” 是越來越慢的,“指數(shù)爆炸” 比“直線上升” 快得多,進一步的能否精確定量的刻畫變化速度的快慢呢,下面我們就來研究這個問題。新知探究問題1 高臺跳水運動員的速度高臺跳水運動中,運動員在運動過程中的重心相對于水面的高度h(單位:m)與起跳后的時間t(單位:s)存在函數(shù)關(guān)系h(t)=-4.9t2+4.8t+11.如何描述用運動員從起跳到入水的過程中運動的快慢程度呢?直覺告訴我們,運動員從起跳到入水的過程中,在上升階段運動的越來越慢,在下降階段運動的越來越快,我們可以把整個運動時間段分成許多小段,用運動員在每段時間內(nèi)的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的運動狀態(tài)。
一、教材分析文化市場和大眾傳媒的發(fā)展,給我們的文化生活帶來了許多可喜的變化。但是,文化市場的自發(fā)性和傳媒的商業(yè)性也引發(fā)了令人憂慮的現(xiàn)象。文化生活有“喜”也有“憂”,讓我們歡喜讓我們憂。面對形式多樣的文化生活,置身于文化生活的海洋之中,在文化生活中如何選擇、怎樣作出正確的選擇是亟待向?qū)W生解決的問題。二、學情分析高二學生處于世界觀、人生觀和價值觀形成的關(guān)鍵時期,身心迅速發(fā)展,自我意識和獨立性較強,社會公共生活空間范圍越來越大,并且開始理性地思考社會和人生的重大問題,他們可塑性強,但情緒仍然不穩(wěn)定,有多變性,容易沖動或偏激,迫切需要提升思想意識,加強方法論的指導,使其在紛繁復雜的文化生活中能夠進行正確的判斷與選擇。如果我們的學生不能把握正確的航向,是非觀念模糊,良莠不分,就會陷入落后文化和腐朽文化的泥沼而不能自拔,甚至造成無法挽回的惡果。
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.