通過活動讓學生思考:回答問題。對學生的不同回答,只要合理,就給以認可。設計意圖:讓學生學會有條理的表述自己的思考過程,理解三種數(shù)據(jù)都是刻畫了一組數(shù)據(jù)的平均水平。整個授課的過程中,由于問題的難點進行了分解突破,問題的解決水到渠成。同時要學生意識到:學會用數(shù)據(jù)說話,科學地分析身邊的事例。5.歸納小結(jié),鞏固提高。(1)列表對比平均數(shù)眾數(shù)中位數(shù)概念注意點(2)在生活中可用平均數(shù)、眾數(shù)和中位數(shù)這三個特征數(shù)來描述一組數(shù)據(jù)的集中趨勢,它們各有不同的側(cè)重點,需聯(lián)系實際進行選擇,對于同一份材料,同一組數(shù)據(jù),不同的目的,應選擇不同的數(shù)據(jù)代表。因從不同的角度進行分析時,看到的結(jié)果可能是截然不同的。作為信息的接受者,分析數(shù)據(jù)應該從多角度對統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)作出較全面的分析,從而避免機械的,片面的解釋。
學習目標:1、知識與技能(1)會用字母、運算符號表示簡單問題的規(guī)律,并能驗證所探索的規(guī)律。(2)能綜合所學知識解決實際問題和數(shù)學問題,發(fā)展學生應用數(shù)學的意識,培養(yǎng)學生的實踐能力和創(chuàng)新意識。2、過程與方法(1)經(jīng)歷探索數(shù)量關系,運用符號表示規(guī)律,通過驗算驗證規(guī)律的過程。(2)在解決問題的過程中體驗歸納、分析、猜想、抽象還有類比、轉(zhuǎn)化等思維方法,發(fā)展學生抽象思維能力,培養(yǎng)學生良好的思維品質(zhì)。3、情感、態(tài)度與價值觀通過對實際問題中規(guī)律的探索,體驗“從特殊到一般、再到特殊”的辯證思想,激發(fā)學生的探究熱情和對數(shù)學的學習熱情。學習重點:探索實際問題中蘊涵的關系和規(guī)律。學習難點:用字母、運算符號表示一般規(guī)律。學習過程:一、創(chuàng)景引入活動:出示一張月歷,學生任意選出3×3方格框出的9個數(shù),并計算出這9個數(shù)的和,告訴老師,老師就可以說出你所選的是哪9個數(shù)。
(1)依照此規(guī)律,第20個圖形共有幾個五角星?(2)擺成第n個圖形需要幾個五角星?(3)擺成第2015個圖形需要幾個五角星?解析:通過觀察已知圖形可得:每個圖形都比其前一個圖形多3個五角星,根據(jù)此規(guī)律即可解答.解:(1)根據(jù)題意得,第1個圖中,五角星有3個(3×1);第2個圖中,五角星有6個(3×2);第3個圖中,五角星有9個(3×3);第4個圖中,五角星有12個(3×4);∴第n個圖中有五角星3n個.∴第20個圖中五角星有3×20=60個.(2)擺成第n個圖形需要五角星3n個.(3)擺成第2015個圖形需要6045個五角星.方法總結(jié):此題首先要結(jié)合圖形具體數(shù)出幾個值,注意由特殊到一般的分析方法.此題的規(guī)律為擺成第n個圖形需要3n個五角星.三、板書設計教學過程中,強調(diào)學生自主探索和合作交流,經(jīng)歷觀察、操作、驗證、歸納、分析、猜想、抽象、積累、類比、轉(zhuǎn)化等思維過程,從中獲得數(shù)學知識與技能,體驗教學活動的方法,同時升華學生的情感態(tài)度和價值觀.
由②得y=23x+23.在同一直角坐標系中分別作出一次函數(shù)y=3x-4和y=23x+23的圖象.如右圖,由圖可知,它們的圖象的交點坐標為(2,2).所以方程組3x-y=4,2x-3y=-2的解是x=2,y=2.方法總結(jié):用畫圖象的方法可以直觀地獲得問題的結(jié)果,但不是很準確.三、板書設計1.二元一次方程組的解是對應的兩條直線的交點坐標;2.用圖象法解二元一次方程組的步驟:(1)變形:把兩個方程化為一次函數(shù)的形式;(2)作圖:在同一坐標系中作出兩個函數(shù)的圖象;(3)觀察圖象,找出交點的坐標;(4)寫出方程組的解.通過引導學生自主學習探索,進一步揭示了二元一次方程和函數(shù)圖象之間的對應關系,很自然的得到二元一次方程組的解與兩條直線的交點之間的對應關系.進一步培養(yǎng)了學生數(shù)形結(jié)合的意識,充分提高學生數(shù)形結(jié)合的能力,使學生在自主探索中學會不同數(shù)學知識間可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化的數(shù)學思想和方法.
2. 在彈性限度內(nèi),彈簧的長度y(厘米)是所掛物體質(zhì)量x(千克)的一次函數(shù).當所掛物體的質(zhì)量為1千克時彈簧長15厘米;當所掛物體的質(zhì)量為3千克時,彈簧長16厘米.寫出y與x之間的函數(shù)關系式,并求當所掛物體的質(zhì)量為4千克時彈簧的長度.答案: 當x=4是,y= 3. 教材例2的再探索:我邊防局接到情報,近海處有一可疑船只A正向公海方向行駛.邊防局迅速派出快艇B追趕,如圖所示, , 分別表示兩船相對于海岸的距離s(海里)與追趕時間t(分)之間的關系.當時間t等于多少分鐘時,我邊防快艇B能夠追趕上A。答案:直線 的解析式: ,直線 的解析式: 15分鐘第五環(huán)節(jié)課堂小結(jié)(2分鐘,教師引導學生總結(jié))內(nèi)容:一、函數(shù)與方程之間的關系.二、在解決實際問題時從不同角度思考問題,就會得到不一樣的方法,從而拓展自己的思維.三、掌握利用二元一次方程組求一次函數(shù)表達式的一般步驟:1.用含字母的系數(shù)設出一次函數(shù)的表達式: ;2.將已知條件代入上述表達式中得k,b的二元一次方程組;3.解這個二元一次方程組得k,b,進而得到一次函數(shù)的表達式.
煤的價格為400元/噸,生產(chǎn)1噸甲產(chǎn)品除需原料費用外,還需其他費用400元,甲產(chǎn)品每噸售價4600元;生產(chǎn)1噸乙產(chǎn)品除原料費用外,還需其他費用500元,乙產(chǎn)品每噸售價5500元.現(xiàn)將該礦石原料全部用完,設生產(chǎn)甲產(chǎn)品x噸,乙產(chǎn)品m噸,公司獲得的總利潤為y元.(1)寫出m與x的關系式;(2)寫出y與x的函數(shù)關系式.(不要求寫自變量的取值范圍)解析:(1)因為礦石的總量一定,當生產(chǎn)的甲產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量x變化時,那么乙產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量m將隨之變化,m和x是動態(tài)變化的兩個量;(2)題目中的等量關系為總利潤y=甲產(chǎn)品的利潤+乙產(chǎn)品的利潤.解:(1)因為4m+10x=300,所以m=150-5x2.(2)生產(chǎn)1噸甲產(chǎn)品獲利為4600-10×200-4×400-400=600(元);生產(chǎn)1噸乙產(chǎn)品獲利為5500-4×200-8×400-500=1000(元).所以y=600x+1000m.將m=150-5x2代入,得y=600x+1000×150-5x2,即y=-1900x+75000.方法總結(jié):根據(jù)條件求一次函數(shù)的關系式時,要找準題中所給的等量關系,然后求解.
解析:從各點的位置可以發(fā)現(xiàn)A1(1,0),A2(1,1),A3(-1,1),A4(-1,-1),A5(2,-1),A6(2,2),A7(-2,2),A8(-2,-2),A9(3,-2),A10(3,3),A11(-3,3),A12(-3,-3),….仔細觀察每四個點的橫、縱坐標,發(fā)現(xiàn)存在著一定規(guī)律性.因為2015=503×4+3,所以點A2015在第二象限,縱坐標和橫坐標互為相反數(shù),所以A2015的坐標為(-504,504).故填(-504,504).方法總結(jié):解決此類題常用的方法是通過對幾種特殊情況的研究,歸納總結(jié)出一般規(guī)律,再根據(jù)一般規(guī)律探究特殊情況.三、板書設計軸對稱與坐標變化關于坐標軸對稱作圖——軸對稱變換通過本課時的學習,學生經(jīng)歷圖形坐標變化與圖形的軸對稱之間的關系的探索過程,掌握空間與圖形的基礎知識和基本作圖技能,豐富對現(xiàn)實空間及圖形的認識,建立初步的空間觀念,發(fā)展形象思維,激發(fā)數(shù)學學習的好奇心與求知欲.教學過程中學生能積極參與數(shù)學學習活動,積極交流合作,體驗數(shù)學活動的樂趣.
五、加工信息,學會表述師:請同學們閱讀課本P122第三題,用自己的話告訴同學,什么是經(jīng)典。課件出示:1.經(jīng)典作品是那些你經(jīng)常聽人家說“我正在重讀……”而不是“我正讀……”的書。2.經(jīng)典作品是這樣一些書,它們對讀過并喜愛它們的人構(gòu)成一種寶貴的經(jīng)驗;但是對那些保留這個機會,等到享受它們的最佳狀態(tài)來臨時才閱讀它們的人,它們也仍然是一種豐富的經(jīng)驗。3.一部經(jīng)典作品是一本每次重讀都好像初讀那樣帶來發(fā)現(xiàn)的書。4.一部經(jīng)典作品是一本即使我們初讀也好像是在重溫我們以前讀過的東西的書。5.一部經(jīng)典作品是一本從不會耗盡它要向讀者說的一切東西的書。6.經(jīng)典作品是這樣一些書,我們越是道聽途說,以為我們懂了,當我們實際讀它們,我們就越是覺得它們獨特、意想不到和新穎。
做一個有道德的人尊敬的老師們,同學們:早上好!今天我講話的題目是《做一個有道德的人》。記得意大利詩人但丁曾說過這樣一句話:“一個知識不健全的人可以用道德去彌補,而一個道德不健全的人卻難于用知識去彌補?!笔堑模覀兊膰液兔褡遄钚枰氖堑赖赂呱械闹R者。我們中華民族歷來崇尚道德。無論是以孔子為代表的儒家思想,還是以老子為代表的道家思想,無不都以高尚的道德做為他們的至高境界。宋代文人蘇轍就曾寫道:“轍生好為文,思之至深。以為文者氣之所形,然文不可以學而能,氣可以養(yǎng)而至?!边@就說明,道德是做人的基本準則,只要我們能夠從身邊的小事做起,就會成為有道德的人。
2、晚自習,教師不得講課,應讓學生自習,吃“自助餐”(以理科為主,高中文科除外)。作業(yè)做錯的,應更正作業(yè),教師給他批改,并作必要的輔導;優(yōu)秀學生可看課外書籍、預習明天的功課或練習競賽一類的拔高題;必要時,文科老師也可與個別學生接觸,作短時間的輔導?! ?、中午(至下午上課前),教師不得講課,可以讓學生更正上午做錯的作業(yè),優(yōu)秀學生可以自由活動(可以進閱覽室看書)。
(六)說教學策略1.專題性海量的媒介信息必須加以選擇或者整合,以項目為依據(jù),進行信息篩選,形成專題性閱讀與交流;培養(yǎng)學生對文本信息“化零為整”的能力,提升跨媒介閱讀與交流學習的充實感。2.情境化情境教學應指向?qū)W生的應用,建構(gòu)富有符合時代氣息的內(nèi)容,與生活經(jīng)驗更加貼合,對學生的語言建構(gòu)與運用有所提升,在情境中能夠有效地進行交流。3.任務化以任務為導向的序列化學習,可以為學生構(gòu)建學習路線圖、學習框架等具體任務引導;或以跨媒介的認識與應用為任務的設置引導;甚至以閱讀和交流作為序列化安排的實踐引導。4.整合性跨媒介閱讀與交流是結(jié)合線上線下的資源,形成新的“超媒介”,也能實現(xiàn)對信息進行“深加工”,多種媒介的信息整合只為一個核心教學內(nèi)容服務。5.互文性語言文字是語文之生命,我們是立足于語言文字的探討,音樂、圖像、視頻等文本與傳統(tǒng)語言文字文本形成互文,觸發(fā)學生對學習內(nèi)容立體化和具體化的感悟,提升學生的審美能力。
三個“二次”即一元二次函數(shù)、一元二次方程、一元二次不等式是高中數(shù)學的重要內(nèi)容,具有豐富的內(nèi)涵和密切的聯(lián)系,同時也是研究包含二次曲線在內(nèi)的許多內(nèi)容的工具 高考試題中近一半的試題與這三個“二次”問題有關 本節(jié)主要是幫助考生理解三者之間的區(qū)別及聯(lián)系,掌握函數(shù)、方程及不等式的思想和方法。課程目標1. 通過探索,使學生理解二次函數(shù)與一元二次方程,一元二次不等式之間的聯(lián)系。2. 使學生能夠運用二次函數(shù)及其圖像,性質(zhì)解決實際問題. 3. 滲透數(shù)形結(jié)合思想,進一步培養(yǎng)學生綜合解題能力。數(shù)學學科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學抽象:一元二次函數(shù)與一元二次方程,一元二次不等式之間的聯(lián)系;2.邏輯推理:一元二次不等式恒成立問題;3.數(shù)學運算:解一元二次不等式;4.數(shù)據(jù)分析:一元二次不等式解決實際問題;5.數(shù)學建模:運用數(shù)形結(jié)合的思想,逐步滲透一元二次函數(shù)與一元二次方程,一元二次不等式之間的聯(lián)系。
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語從句中的“關系代詞+助動詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否根據(jù)上下文語境或情景恢復句子中省略的成分,體會使用省略的效果;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否獨立完成練習冊和導學案中的相關練習。
該板塊的活動主題是“介紹一個有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過介紹中國城繼續(xù)聚焦中國文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國文化與美國多元文化的關系,它是美國多元文化的重要組成部分。中國城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國文化的重要窗口,外國人在中國城能近距離體驗中國文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否結(jié)合文本特點了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否了解舊金山的城市風貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會多元文化對美國的影響。
Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否結(jié)合文本特點總結(jié)林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質(zhì)特征;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否針對人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問題,進而對道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否通過說話人所表達的內(nèi)容、說話的語氣、語調(diào)等來判斷其態(tài)度和情緒;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否針對具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見解,能否掌握聽力理訓練中的聽力策略。
探究新知問題1:已知100件產(chǎn)品中有8件次品,現(xiàn)從中采用有放回方式隨機抽取4件.設抽取的4件產(chǎn)品中次品數(shù)為X,求隨機變量X的分布列.(1):采用有放回抽樣,隨機變量X服從二項分布嗎?采用有放回抽樣,則每次抽到次品的概率為0.08,且各次抽樣的結(jié)果相互獨立,此時X服從二項分布,即X~B(4,0.08).(2):如果采用不放回抽樣,抽取的4件產(chǎn)品中次品數(shù)X服從二項分布嗎?若不服從,那么X的分布列是什么?不服從,根據(jù)古典概型求X的分布列.解:從100件產(chǎn)品中任取4件有 C_100^4 種不同的取法,從100件產(chǎn)品中任取4件,次品數(shù)X可能取0,1,2,3,4.恰有k件次品的取法有C_8^k C_92^(4-k)種.一般地,假設一批產(chǎn)品共有N件,其中有M件次品.從N件產(chǎn)品中隨機抽取n件(不放回),用X表示抽取的n件產(chǎn)品中的次品數(shù),則X的分布列為P(X=k)=CkM Cn-kN-M CnN ,k=m,m+1,m+2,…,r.其中n,N,M∈N*,M≤N,n≤N,m=max{0,n-N+M},r=min{n,M},則稱隨機變量X服從超幾何分布.
二項式定理形式上的特點(1)二項展開式有n+1項,而不是n項.(2)二項式系數(shù)都是C_n^k(k=0,1,2,…,n),它與二項展開式中某一項的系數(shù)不一定相等.(3)二項展開式中的二項式系數(shù)的和等于2n,即C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n.(4)在排列方式上,按照字母a的降冪排列,從第一項起,次數(shù)由n次逐項減少1次直到0次,同時字母b按升冪排列,次數(shù)由0次逐項增加1次直到n次.1.判斷(正確的打“√”,錯誤的打“×”)(1)(a+b)n展開式中共有n項. ( )(2)在公式中,交換a,b的順序?qū)Ω黜棝]有影響. ( )(3)Cknan-kbk是(a+b)n展開式中的第k項. ( )(4)(a-b)n與(a+b)n的二項式展開式的二項式系數(shù)相同. ( )[解析] (1)× 因為(a+b)n展開式中共有n+1項.(2)× 因為二項式的第k+1項Cknan-kbk和(b+a)n的展開式的第k+1項Cknbn-kak是不同的,其中的a,b是不能隨便交換的.(3)× 因為Cknan-kbk是(a+b)n展開式中的第k+1項.(4)√ 因為(a-b)n與(a+b)n的二項式展開式的二項式系數(shù)都是Crn.[答案] (1)× (2)× (3)× (4)√