二、探究新知一、點到直線的距離、兩條平行直線之間的距離1.點到直線的距離已知直線l的單位方向向量為μ,A是直線l上的定點,P是直線l外一點.設(AP) ?=a,則向量(AP) ?在直線l上的投影向量(AQ) ?=(a·μ)μ.點P到直線l的距離為PQ=√(a^2 "-(" a"·" μ")" ^2 ).2.兩條平行直線之間的距離求兩條平行直線l,m之間的距離,可在其中一條直線l上任取一點P,則兩條平行直線間的距離就等于點P到直線m的距離.點睛:點到直線的距離,即點到直線的垂線段的長度,由于直線與直線外一點確定一個平面,所以空間點到直線的距離問題可轉化為空間某一個平面內(nèi)點到直線的距離問題.1.已知正方體ABCD-A1B1C1D1的棱長為2,E,F分別是C1C,D1A1的中點,則點A到直線EF的距離為 . 答案: √174/6解析:如圖,以點D為原點,DA,DC,DD1所在直線分別為x軸、y軸、z軸建立空間直角坐標系,則A(2,0,0),E(0,2,1),F(1,0,2),(EF) ?=(1,-2,1),
二是提速高技能人才培養(yǎng)。推進XX藝才高級技工學校打造我區(qū)首個技師學院,推動建立X個新職業(yè)培訓示范基地、X個技能大師工作室、X個“巴渝工匠”鄉(xiāng)村驛站,新增X家以上企業(yè)自主評價機構,提升技能人才培養(yǎng)層次。力爭到2024年底,全區(qū)技能人才總量達到XX萬人,高技能人才總量達到XX萬人。三是優(yōu)化人才招聘選拔機制。有序?qū)嵤┤珔^(qū)部門下屬事業(yè)單位年度招聘工作,開展教育、衛(wèi)生事業(yè)單位赴高校招聘應屆優(yōu)秀大學畢業(yè)生,規(guī)范開展基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構考核招聘,進一步做好評比達標表彰工作和創(chuàng)建示范活動,充分發(fā)揮表彰激勵作用。四是健全聯(lián)系服務專家制度。堅持把搭建事業(yè)平臺、發(fā)揮專家作用作為聯(lián)系服務的重點,為專家創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)提供良好條件,組織開展區(qū)內(nèi)專家休假、療養(yǎng)、學術交流“三位一體”活動,探索“學養(yǎng)結合”服務模式,打造各領域高層次人才交流互動平臺。
過渡:在實際生活中,城市內(nèi)部空間結構并非完全按照這一經(jīng)濟規(guī)律呈現(xiàn),而是更具復雜性。這說明除了經(jīng)濟因素外,還有很多其他因素在起作用,請大家結合你的認識、圖2.9和案例1:紐約市的少數(shù)民族區(qū)談談你的看法。(2)其他因素I收入——形成不同級別住宅區(qū)的常見原因。有能力支付昂貴租金和選擇最佳居住環(huán)境的人,其居住地往往形成高級住宅區(qū)。II知名度——城市內(nèi)某些地區(qū)在歷史、文化或經(jīng)濟方面具有很高的聲譽,這往往會吸引更多新的住宅或商場建在該處,以提高其知名度。III種族聚居區(qū)的形成——在有些城市的某一區(qū)域內(nèi),如果某個種族或宗教團體占優(yōu)勢,就可能形成種族聚居區(qū)。如紐約市的唐人街、哈林區(qū)、小意大利區(qū)等。IV歷史因素——城市的建筑物和街道設計可以維持久遠,早期的土地利用方式對日后的功能分區(qū)有著深遠的影響。
【活動目標】 1、感知人的聲音及自然界中各種聲音的變化。 2、運用多種方法讓幼兒自己的聲音發(fā)生變化?!净顒訙蕚洹? 1、各種聲音的錄音(如,下小雨聲、尖細的說話聲、很慢的高跟鞋走路聲;下大雨聲、粗重的說話聲、很快的高跟鞋走路聲;嬰兒的哭聲、幼兒的說話聲、成年的說話聲、老年人的說話聲)。 2、眼罩一個、錄音機一臺?!净顒舆^程】 一、傾聽兩組不同的聲音,并進行比較。 1、請幼兒傾聽第一段錄音:下小雨聲、尖細的說話聲、很慢的高跟鞋走路聲。提問:你聽到了什么聲音? 2、請幼兒傾聽第二段錄音:下大雨聲,粗重的說話聲、很快的高跟鞋走路聲。提問:你聽到了聲音有什么變化嗎?
2、仔細觀察,大膽想象,提高思維的靈活性。 3、體驗數(shù)學游戲的快樂,增強參與數(shù)學活動的自信心?;顒訙蕚洌? 雪花片每桌一份,幼兒人手一張數(shù)字卡,桌面各貼一個數(shù)字(1-7),教師數(shù)字卡1—7,塑料花若干,小樹、小花、水梨、葡萄數(shù)量各為八個?;顒舆^程:1、復習鞏固7以內(nèi)的數(shù):(1)、-----師出示塑料花,引起幼兒種花樹的興趣,幼兒變魔術成為小花樹,教師變成魔術師。------魔術師:“小花樹們按照你們手里的數(shù)字,去找相應的花盆(桌子),把自己種下去!”------幼兒按照自己手中的數(shù)字尋找正確的位置?!癤XX花寶寶你種 在幾號花盆里?。俊? (2)、游戲:《花開花落》 師:“小花樹在太陽公公和雨姑姑的照顧下,開出了X朵花!” 幼兒根據(jù)教師出示的數(shù)字卡片,拿相應數(shù)量的雪花片。 (師逐一出示數(shù)字卡2、3、4。)
內(nèi)容與要求: 1、 在唱唱、說說、學學做做中,體驗與同伴一起活動的快樂。 2、 樂意參與活動,在集體面前大膽地表現(xiàn)自己。 活動準備: 1、已學過游戲《我們都是好朋友》 2、歌曲《找朋友》 3、已與同伴一起做過游戲。 活動過程: 1、歌曲《找朋友》 師:讓我們跟著音樂一起唱起來,動起來,去找一找自己的好朋友。 放兩遍音樂。 2、游戲《我們都是好朋友》 出示小鳥的頭飾 師:聽到你們都找到了好朋友,小鳥也飛來和你們一起做好朋友了。 (1) 邊念兒歌,邊做游戲。(2遍) 許多小鳥飛,許多小魚游,小朋友,手拉手,一起向前走。拍著手,唱著歌,我們都是好朋友。
全班齊讀第五段內(nèi)容。請一位同學分析,接著讓這位同學按他分析的讀一遍。3、4兩自然段的平緩之后,第5段作者的情感再次抬升。為了滿足這種情感的張揚,作一口氣連用了四個排比句式“現(xiàn)在是……時候”,一方面這是情感發(fā)泄的需要,另一方面這種排山倒海的語勢也加強了內(nèi)容的表達,極強地突出了現(xiàn)實為自由、平等而戰(zhàn)的重要性。四、學會演講我們剛才細讀了課文,但讀和講是有區(qū)別的。所謂演講,是一門語言藝術,它的主要形式是“講”,即運用有聲語言并追求言辭的表現(xiàn)力和聲音的感染力;同時還要輔之以“演”,即運用面部表情、手勢動作、身體姿態(tài)乃至一切可以理解的態(tài)勢語言,使講話“藝術化”起來,從而產(chǎn)生一種非凡的藝術魅力。那么,接下來就假設一下假如你是馬丁·路德·金,你會怎樣去講這篇演講辭。
十、教學后記:這是我實習中上的第一堂課,由于沒有經(jīng)驗,對時間的把握不好,課堂前半部分留給學生思考回答問題的時間太多了,以至于沒有完成本課時的教學內(nèi)容,對《箜篌引》、《桃花扇》、《聞官軍收河南河北》內(nèi)容的補充要留到下節(jié)課才能完成。但課堂過程中以討論和結果發(fā)布會的形式非常能調(diào)動學生的學習積極性,這節(jié)課學生的參與度很高,絕大部分的同學都能積極思考,并敢于回答問題。但是在學生回答問題后,有些答案很好,也是我沒有思考到的。但是除了簡單的表揚鼓勵外,我不善于把學生的思考結果與自己的板書設計結合起來,授課過程中比較拘泥于教案,顯得不夠靈活。總的來說,這節(jié)課的優(yōu)點是教態(tài)自然、大方,聲音清晰洪亮,能調(diào)動學生學習的積極性,不足在于時間掌握不好,拘泥于教案。
一、導入新課年紀稍大的中國人應還記得,1968年春,"文革"還正如火如荼之際,毛澤東發(fā)表了一篇"五二O聲明",全國各地為此舉行了由上級組織的大規(guī)模游行。很多人應還記得,事情同馬丁·路德·金被刺殺有關,而這位馬丁·路德·金,乃是著名的美國黑人民權運動領袖。事過多年之后,我卻發(fā)現(xiàn),不少人居然把這位諾貝爾和平獎得主,同四百多年前那位德國宗教改革領袖馬丁·路德相混淆,而對他的主要主張"非暴力抵抗",更是懵然無知!1956年,在26歲的馬丁·路德·金第一次領導黑人市民,抵制蒙哥馬利市公共汽車公司的種族隔離制度時,他就舉起了"非暴力抵抗"的旗幟。他號召久被歧視的黑人群眾說:"我們要抵抗,因為自由從來不靠恩賜獲得。有權有勢的欺壓者從不會自動把自由奉獻給受壓者?!瓩嗬蜋C會,必須通過一些人的犧牲和受難才能得到。"但是,"仇恨產(chǎn)生仇恨,暴力產(chǎn)生暴力……我們要用愛的力量,去對付恨的勢力。我們的目標,絕不是擊敗或羞辱白人,正相反,我們要贏得他們的友誼和理解。"
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考:定語從句在復合句中的作用是什么? 關系詞有哪些?定語從句在復合句中的作用相當于形容詞,它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們在先行詞和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用,同時在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔任一個成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
The activity topic of this section is "report an ongoing event", and the structure is the passive voice of present continuous tense. Rare wild animals are suffering from large-scale poaching, and species are on the brink of danger. Rescue operations are underway. "Being" and "suffering" are the meanings of the present progressive passive voice.The usage of present progressive passive voice is of great importance in writing a good discourse and appreciating some difficult language items, so it is vital to master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Motivate Ss to deepen the understanding of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a fixed context.2. Enable Ss to master the usage of present progressive passive voice and use it flexibly in a context.3. Lead Ss to construct sentences or appreciate sentences used master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper usage of present progressive passive voice.Look at the picture and tell me what are workers doing? What is the house being done?
1. 標題首先根據(jù)海報的特點、格式寫明標題。海報中往往把內(nèi)容作為大標題。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海報其正文部分的側重點不同。對于介紹性的海報, 首先要引出話題, 其次列出原因, 最后是總結。對于宣傳類的海報, 要寫明具體內(nèi)容, 如: 活動內(nèi)容, 地點以及參加活動的注意事項, 主持或舉辦單位等。1. 圖片: 要選擇引人注目的圖片, 與主題要相關, 色彩明亮。話題句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我國的國寶。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上僅現(xiàn)存幾千只熊貓。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因為人類的活動, 老虎處于瀕危的狀態(tài)。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生動物面臨著滅絕的危險。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施來保護它們。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人們應該提高保護野生動物的意識。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃驚, 目前中國僅有不足1 000只江豚。
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來參加運動會。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________(把車停下來(park))in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(讓我們的車充電(charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下,剩下).3. We__________________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對...很驚訝)the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神專注于) Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把這幅畫的復制品裝箱(box)) to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案:1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用過去分詞對下列句子進行改寫。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案:1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.
This unit is about history and traditions. From the opening page, we can know that this unit will introduce the history and traditions around the world. As Marcus Garvey says “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots”, it is important for students to realize the importance and value of knowing the history and traditions and their further meanings. And this part ( listening and speaking ) is divided into two parts: Part A---share views on historic sites, Part B ---talk about a visit to a historic tourist destination. By talking with a foreigner, the speakers introduce the historic attractions and their cultures. Part A is that William, a British student, who was going to visit the Confucius Temple and a Chinese student, Xiao Kong, who was going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. Part B is a conversation between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel receptionist and Paul, a backpacker about the feelings and experience after visiting the Chinese famous tourist attraction Pingyao.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to talk about historic spots and great person.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to discuss with their peers the related topics.3. Enable students to use the functional items of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.
Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導的定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容,we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀,愛爾蘭南部脫離英國,這導致了我們今天有的英國的全名:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方,你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時期統(tǒng)治過英國。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。
Step1:自主探究。1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage).4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.Step2:語法要點精析。用法1:過去分詞作表語1).過去分詞可放在連系動詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。注意:1).過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時,強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài);而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,強調(diào)動作。The library is now closed.(狀態(tài))圖書館現(xiàn)在關閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(動作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2)感覺類及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”;現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”。
This section focuses on "learning about experiencing music Online". This virtual choir is a new form of music performance. Members from all over the world don't need to love to come to a place. Instead, they use the new technology to model the various parts and wonderful virtual harmony group of music in the family. Students need to understand the main meaning of each paragraph. Finding topic sentences is an important way to understand the general idea of a paragraph. After the topic sentence, it is usually the detail sentence that supports and explains the topic sentence. Some paragraphs have obvious subject sentences, for example, the first sentence of the second paragraph is the subject sentence of the paragraph, and the following sentenceStudents need to pay attention to the topic sentences and key sentences, and then pay attention to how the sentences after the meaning explain, explain and support the topic sentences or key sentences before.1.Guide students to learn about experiencing music online2.Guide students to scan and circle the information in the text.3.Guide students to find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.4.Guide students to learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases. And then make a mind map about the outline of the passage.1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the main meaning of each paragraph and understand the narrative characteristics of "timeline” in illustrative style.3. Lead students to understand the changes that have been caused by the Internet.