一、教材分析:文化在交流中傳播是文化生活第二單元第三課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,主要學(xué)習(xí)文化傳播的重要方式和途徑,文化傳播的主要方式及特點(diǎn),文化多樣性與文化傳播的關(guān)系及化交流的相關(guān)知識(shí)。本節(jié)課內(nèi)容承接第一框文化的多樣性,是對(duì)第一框內(nèi)容的深入。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)目標(biāo):(1)知道文化傳播的重要方式和途徑;(2)列舉現(xiàn)代文化傳播的主要方式,說(shuō)出它們各自的特點(diǎn)。2、能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熟練使用大眾傳媒的能力。3、情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):增強(qiáng)做中外文化交流友好使 者的責(zé)任感和使命感。三、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn):文化交流的重要性及如何加強(qiáng)文化交流。四、學(xué)情分析:學(xué)生對(duì)文化交流這一框的內(nèi)容了解較多,對(duì)前兩目的內(nèi)容可以稍加點(diǎn)撥即可,第三目的內(nèi)容可以發(fā)揮學(xué)生的積極性和主動(dòng)性,通過(guò)討論的方式深入了解,教師做好總結(jié)。五、教學(xué)方法:本課以學(xué)案導(dǎo)學(xué)為主,輔以案例教學(xué)法以及概念、原理教學(xué)法。
二、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識(shí)目標(biāo):識(shí)記影響文化發(fā)展的重要因素;理解文化繼承與文化發(fā)展的關(guān)系。教育在文化傳承中的重要作用;聯(lián)系具體事例,說(shuō)明應(yīng)如何正確繼承和發(fā)展傳統(tǒng)文化;結(jié)合自身體會(huì),談?wù)劷逃谖幕瘋鞒兄械淖饔谩?、能力目標(biāo):結(jié)合分析文化繼承與文化發(fā)展的關(guān)系,提高歸納與分析問(wèn)題的能力;利用教材提供的情景和問(wèn)題,提高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)、合作學(xué)習(xí)和初步探究學(xué)習(xí)的能力。3情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本課內(nèi)容,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)文化發(fā)展的歷史過(guò)程,正確把握文化傳承中繼承和發(fā)展的辯證關(guān)系,從而作出正確的文化選擇,做自覺(jué)的文化傳承者和享用者。三、 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)文化繼承與發(fā)展的關(guān)系,教育對(duì)文化發(fā)展的作用四、 學(xué)情分析:關(guān)于文化繼承和文化發(fā)展的關(guān)系,學(xué)生易于理解,身邊事例較多;關(guān)于影響文化發(fā)展的重要因素部分,可成分利用好學(xué)生已有的歷史知識(shí)作為重要的教學(xué)資源;關(guān)于教育方式變革對(duì)文化傳承的影響,學(xué)生更有直接的感受,可以作為教學(xué)資源。
三、宗教改革:1、背景:(1)文藝復(fù)興的影響。文藝復(fù)興中,人文主義學(xué)者盡管對(duì)宗教保持較為溫和的態(tài)度,但其以人為中心的思想極大地沖擊了天主教的精神獨(dú)裁,天主教的權(quán)威日益受到人們的懷疑。(2)天主教會(huì)對(duì)歐洲尤其是德意志的壓榨。中世紀(jì)的天主教會(huì)對(duì)人民進(jìn)行嚴(yán)密的精神統(tǒng)治,基督教信仰的核心是“原罪”和“靈魂救贖”,即人生下來(lái)就有罪,只有信仰上帝,跟隨耶穌才能得救。就“靈魂救贖”而言,最初強(qiáng)調(diào)的是個(gè)人信仰的作用,后來(lái),神學(xué)家們又加上了種種繁雜的宗教禮儀,而且必須得到神職人員的幫助,靈魂才能得救。在經(jīng)濟(jì)上,天主教會(huì)還是最大的封建主,占有大量的土地,并征收什一稅,對(duì)各國(guó)人民大肆搜刮。羅馬教廷每年從德意志搜刮的財(cái)富達(dá)30萬(wàn)古爾登(貨幣單位),相當(dāng)于“神圣羅馬帝國(guó)”皇帝每年稅收額的20倍。德意志也成了被教會(huì)榨取最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū),素有“教皇的乳?!敝Q。
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生以一顆真摯的童心、愛(ài)心面對(duì)大自然,促使學(xué)生的心靈與大自然親切交流。2.使學(xué)生明確寫景文章的寫作范圍、寫作重點(diǎn)、構(gòu)思技巧。二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)明確話題,寫景抓住特征,注重感情。三、教學(xué)方法多重對(duì)話法四、教學(xué)過(guò)程1.導(dǎo)入語(yǔ):自然是人類生活的環(huán)境,是人類賴以生存的基礎(chǔ)。人類不僅在物質(zhì)上需要大地母親的哺育,而且在精神上也需要向自然尋求依托。當(dāng)知時(shí)節(jié)的春雨飄落大地時(shí),當(dāng)秋風(fēng)吹來(lái)誘人的果香時(shí),感到喜悅、幸福的決不僅是農(nóng)民;過(guò)去的政治家、文學(xué)家,每當(dāng)失意的時(shí)候,就會(huì)寄情山林;就是我們中學(xué)生,當(dāng)不堪學(xué)習(xí)重負(fù),感到身心疲憊的時(shí)候,去野外踏青,不也能愉悅身心嗎?可以說(shuō)人對(duì)自然的情懷是與生俱來(lái)的。但不同的人,對(duì)自然的感悟有深淺不同,情趣有高下之分?!叭f(wàn)類霜天競(jìng)自由”的感悟,“大漠孤煙直”的審美不是人人都能有的。2.面對(duì)大自然,通過(guò)什么樣的手段來(lái)促使我們的感悟、審美向高深方向發(fā)展呢?哪位同學(xué)說(shuō)說(shuō)。
據(jù)此,研究者認(rèn)為我國(guó)的姓源于原始社會(huì)母系氏族時(shí)期,并作為一個(gè)血緣家族的稱號(hào)。氏隸屬于姓。夏、商、周時(shí)期,姓氏作為貴族間區(qū)別不同血緣關(guān)系的一種制度。自秦漢以后,姓氏不分,合二而一。3、大家有沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)《水滸傳》中一個(gè)人物“西門慶”,他姓西門,為什么姓西門呢?他家住在西門這個(gè)地方。大家想想東郭先生為何姓東郭?可見(jiàn)有按居住地而得姓。4、現(xiàn)在如果賦予同學(xué)們一個(gè)神圣的職責(zé),讓你們給一個(gè)人賜姓,這個(gè)人是殺豬殺雞殺鴨的,你們覺(jué)得要給他一個(gè)什么樣的姓才合適呢?(自由討論,姓“屠”)明確:這就是姓氏來(lái)源的又一種方法,按照職業(yè)取姓。大家想一想有沒(méi)有其他按照職業(yè)得姓的姓氏?(巫、卜、陶等)5、大家通過(guò)預(yù)習(xí)有沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)其他獲得姓氏的方法。(國(guó)名、自己祖先的字等。)姓在母系氏族社會(huì)以后,逐漸增多,來(lái)源極廣。主要來(lái)源于封國(guó)名、謚號(hào)、爵位名、官名、居地、職業(yè)等。
《貧寒是福天道酬勤石智勇從挫折中奮起》也許是自幼的貧寒生活塑造了石智勇內(nèi)向的性格,即使是胸掛金燦燦的獎(jiǎng)牌接受全場(chǎng)觀眾歡呼,他的表情也是略顯羞澀的。小時(shí)候吃不飽肚皮的經(jīng)歷讓他至今在“最喜歡的東西”一欄還填寫著“食物”二字,而“窮人的孩子早當(dāng)家”的堅(jiān)韌,卻又是促成他今日輝煌的動(dòng)力。中國(guó)舉重隊(duì)副總教練陳文斌賽后說(shuō)道:“智勇這幾年練得很苦,今天終于有了這樣的成績(jī),這是天道酬勤的結(jié)果。石智勇的奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌是中國(guó)男舉的一次突破,我們非常激動(dòng)?!痹谙ED神話里,命運(yùn)女神總是讓英雄歷經(jīng)磨難。石智勇也不例外。四年前的悉尼奧運(yùn)會(huì)前夕,他在一次訓(xùn)練中扭傷腳踝,失去了參賽機(jī)會(huì)?!爱?dāng)時(shí)我傷心極了,不敢看電視直播,我怕參賽的選手成績(jī)太低了。高點(diǎn)我還好一點(diǎn),自欺欺人一下說(shuō),哎呀好高,自己去了也拿不了冠軍,要是低了,自己沒(méi)去,失去冠軍機(jī)會(huì),心里痛啊。后來(lái)結(jié)果出來(lái),也不怎么高,心里真難受。”
評(píng)價(jià)分析法,就是引述事例后,對(duì)所引述的事例作適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià),從而使自己的觀點(diǎn)得到印證。例如,在論“節(jié)儉”時(shí),引用了“曾國(guó)藩以儉戒子,其子曾紀(jì)澤終成出色的外交家;方志敏居官不貪,一生清貧,千古留名”的事實(shí)后,接著進(jìn)行分析:是的,“儉者心常富”,節(jié)儉能培養(yǎng)人同困難作斗爭(zhēng)的勇氣和意志,而這正是一個(gè)人立業(yè)最重要的素質(zhì)。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō),有人說(shuō)饑餓是人生的佐料,吃苦是一種資本也不無(wú)道理,而自覺(jué)和戒奢尚儉則更是促人修身養(yǎng)性,磨煉意志的有效途徑。這里,作者緊扣論點(diǎn),對(duì)論據(jù)進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)性分析,這種評(píng)價(jià)分析使作者的觀點(diǎn)得到強(qiáng)化。(四)因果分析法因果分析法,就是抓住論據(jù)所述的事實(shí),并據(jù)此推求形成原因的一種分析方法。事出必有其因。我們可以依據(jù)事物發(fā)展變化的因果關(guān)系,由事物發(fā)展變化的結(jié)果,推導(dǎo)出產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的原因,從而揭示出一定的生活規(guī)律,使事例有力地證明觀點(diǎn)。
設(shè)問(wèn):你怎么看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題的?(這是達(dá)爾文沒(méi)有想到的,是有人利用了達(dá)爾文的學(xué)說(shuō),科學(xué)應(yīng)該與其區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái),但是科學(xué)家在研究時(shí),既要做到為追求真理不斷探索,又要有一定的人文精神,比如我們只有以人為本,才能找到解決當(dāng)今社會(huì)面臨的諸如環(huán)保、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、饑荒等問(wèn)題的途徑,才能構(gòu)建防止核物理技術(shù)、克隆技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、生物技術(shù)、太空技術(shù)等可能對(duì)人類造成不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的破壞作用的思想基礎(chǔ)、決策機(jī)制和社會(huì)條件。更重要的是社會(huì)和國(guó)家應(yīng)該對(duì)此有足夠的認(rèn)識(shí),正因?yàn)榇?,所以現(xiàn)在當(dāng)一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)明出臺(tái)后,就會(huì)有一些法律出臺(tái),限制其可能的非人道用途。但是這些影響應(yīng)不成為我們進(jìn)行科學(xué)探究的阻礙。)(3)科學(xué)與宗教的斗爭(zhēng)設(shè)計(jì)意圖:再次引導(dǎo)學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí),科學(xué)的探索永無(wú)止境,同時(shí)也再次認(rèn)識(shí)宗教和科學(xué)理論產(chǎn)生的原因。材料1:1972年,美國(guó)加利福尼亞教育部竟明文規(guī)定,中學(xué)生物學(xué)課本除進(jìn)化論外,必須還有神創(chuàng)論的內(nèi)容,而且兩者的頁(yè)數(shù)要各占一半。
學(xué)生活動(dòng)三:讓學(xué)生閱讀教材P108回答:(投影顯示,然后讓學(xué)生對(duì)這兩個(gè)概念進(jìn)行比較)總的說(shuō),法治與德治是相輔相成、相互促進(jìn)的。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:讓學(xué)生弄清法治與德治的區(qū)別,并理解法治與德治的聯(lián)系。教師過(guò)渡:(提問(wèn))我們進(jìn)行思想道德建設(shè)的兩個(gè)寶貴資源是什么?這又說(shuō)明社會(huì)主義思想道德體系建設(shè)應(yīng)與什么相承接?(3)社會(huì)主義思想道德體系應(yīng)該與中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德相承接①傳統(tǒng)美德是中華傳統(tǒng)道德中的精華學(xué)生活動(dòng)四:列舉中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德②今天倡導(dǎo)的基本道德規(guī)范是對(duì)中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德的繼承、發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新教師活動(dòng):(投影顯示)我國(guó)《公民道德實(shí)施綱要》提出了20個(gè)字的基本道德規(guī)范??梢跃唧w分為10個(gè)方面:愛(ài)國(guó)守法明禮誠(chéng)信團(tuán)結(jié)友善勤儉自強(qiáng)敬業(yè)奉獻(xiàn)教師過(guò)渡:在我們的社會(huì)主義社會(huì)里,是非、善惡的界限絕對(duì)不能混淆,堅(jiān)持什么、反對(duì)什么,倡導(dǎo)什么、抵制什么,都必須旗幟鮮明。所以我們必須樹(shù)立社會(huì)主義榮辱觀。(4)樹(shù)立社會(huì)主義榮辱觀——八榮八恥
1.在激烈的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,美國(guó)為首“巴統(tǒng)”在對(duì)中國(guó)出口高科技產(chǎn)品的問(wèn)題上采取了種種限制措施,以避免西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的高科技技術(shù)和設(shè)備流人中國(guó)。面對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的技術(shù)封鎖,我們應(yīng)該( )A.加速我國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的步伐B.盡快改善與西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的關(guān)系C.努力提高自身的科技水平,增強(qiáng)本國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力D.立足于自力更生,努力開(kāi)發(fā)所有的高科技技術(shù),以免受制于人答案:C解析:在當(dāng)今和未來(lái)的世界,經(jīng)濟(jì)是基礎(chǔ),科技是龍頭。因而,發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)是世界大多數(shù)國(guó)家最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。各國(guó)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來(lái)越多地轉(zhuǎn)向經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技領(lǐng)域。各國(guó)都已經(jīng)清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到,能否在科技發(fā)展上取得優(yōu)勢(shì),增強(qiáng)以經(jīng);濟(jì)和科技為基礎(chǔ)的綜合國(guó)力,最終將決定本國(guó)在國(guó)際上的地位。受各種主客觀條件的限制,任何國(guó)家都不可能開(kāi)發(fā)出自己所需要的所有技術(shù),國(guó)家之間必須加強(qiáng)技術(shù)交流,互通有無(wú),共同發(fā)展。“巴統(tǒng)”對(duì)我國(guó)進(jìn)行技術(shù)出口方面的限制是基于其敵視中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略需要。為了打破西方國(guó)家的對(duì)我國(guó)的技術(shù)限制,我國(guó)必須從自身出發(fā),提高自身的科技水平。
一、教材分析《民主監(jiān)督:守望公共家園》是高一政治必修2第一單元第二課第四框題。在此之前,學(xué)生們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了公民所享有的政治權(quán)利和自由,了解到公民享有監(jiān)督權(quán),這為過(guò)渡到本框題的學(xué)習(xí)起到了鋪墊的作用。本框題承接了教材第一課“公民的政治權(quán)利和自由”這部分內(nèi)容,又為后面第四課“權(quán)力的行使:需要監(jiān)督”的學(xué)習(xí)埋下伏筆。所以學(xué)好這個(gè)框題為學(xué)好以后的政治常識(shí)打下牢固的基礎(chǔ),而且它在整個(gè)教材中也起到了承上啟下的作用。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(一)知識(shí)目標(biāo)1、識(shí)記公民的民主監(jiān)督權(quán)利、作用2、理解公民的民主監(jiān)督的重要性。3、學(xué)會(huì)分析如何行使監(jiān)督權(quán)(二)能力目標(biāo)通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)逐步形成民主監(jiān)督能力。(三)情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生主人翁責(zé)任感。三、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn):公民的民主監(jiān)督權(quán)利、作用、重要性。難點(diǎn):民主監(jiān)督的重要性
(三)合作探究、精講點(diǎn)撥 【情景導(dǎo)入,感受文化的影響】用多媒體展示教材“活動(dòng)探究”P13的內(nèi)容(圖文并茂)情景問(wèn)題:① 從這兩幅畫面中發(fā)現(xiàn)了哪些文化上的區(qū)別?你還能舉出更多的事例嗎?② 面對(duì)我們祖先創(chuàng)造的精美文化產(chǎn)品,人們的感慨,既有差異,又有共同之處。你能否解釋這是為什么?(學(xué)生討論、回答)情景問(wèn)題:讓學(xué)生閱讀“活動(dòng)探究”情景,帶著這些問(wèn)題去思考、合作、探究,在學(xué)生交流、探究的基礎(chǔ)上,分組派代表完成這些問(wèn)題,突出了學(xué)生的主體地位。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:1、開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山的方式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行新的學(xué)習(xí)探究活動(dòng),創(chuàng)設(shè)問(wèn)題情景,引起懸念,吸引學(xué)生的注意力,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和探究欲望。2、通過(guò)自主探究,讓學(xué)生感悟到道理越辯越明,促使學(xué)生存疑、質(zhì)疑,從而產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的探究欲望。
(三)合作探究、精講點(diǎn)撥。探究一:探究問(wèn)題:如何看待排名一名高中生在談到“排名的二重性”時(shí)說(shuō):“我們既不能盲目地張揚(yáng)排名,也不能簡(jiǎn)單地否定排名。作為學(xué)生,如果用片面的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)待排名,排在前面沾沾自喜、驕傲自滿,排在后面灰心喪氣、一蹶不振,就會(huì)停滯不前,甚至倒退;如果通過(guò)排名了解自己的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)力以及同別人的差距,做到知彼知己,揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)先進(jìn)更先進(jìn)、后進(jìn)趕先進(jìn)的生動(dòng)局面?!眴?wèn)題:(1)在排名問(wèn)題上,人們的看法往往各不相同,這是為什么?(2)為什么我們應(yīng)看到排名的“二重性”?(3)聯(lián)系生活中類似的事例,談?wù)勆钆c哲學(xué)的關(guān)系。教師活動(dòng):指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀以上的材料,并思考所提問(wèn)題。學(xué)生活動(dòng):閱讀材料,分組討論問(wèn)題,發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn),分析材料中包含的哲學(xué)道理。教師點(diǎn)評(píng):(1)在排名問(wèn)題上,人們的看法不同,主要是因?yàn)槿藗兊乃季S方法不同。
1. 表示時(shí)間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語(yǔ)保持一致, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ), 通常由名詞或代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任, 這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語(yǔ)是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語(yǔ))2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語(yǔ))3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語(yǔ))4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語(yǔ))5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語(yǔ))Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式不僅可以用來(lái)表目的,還可以用來(lái)作定語(yǔ),表修飾。
Step 3 Meaning1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。一般由“would/should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來(lái)有一天他們能再見(jiàn)面。2. was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形: 表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于口語(yǔ)中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開(kāi)始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來(lái)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計(jì)劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來(lái)計(jì)劃做某事, 動(dòng)作沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說(shuō)她本來(lái)想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來(lái)。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個(gè)朋友。
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說(shuō)Who,其意思是問(wèn),對(duì)方想讓誰(shuí)在開(kāi)場(chǎng)時(shí)致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.