五.研習第一段:1.誦讀指導要處理好句中停頓2.請學生對照注釋翻譯本段重點詞句:學不可以已已:停止。青,取之于藍而青于藍于:從;比。木直中繩中:zhàng符合,合于。雖有槁暴,不復(fù)挺者,揉使之然也有通又,揉通煣,以火烘木,使其彎曲。然:這樣。翻譯:故木受繩則直,金就礪則利,君子博學而日參省乎己,則知明而行無過矣。所以木材經(jīng)墨線畫過(再用斧鋸加工)就直了,金屬刀劍拿到磨刀石上(磨過)就鋒利了,君子廣博地學習并且每天對自己檢驗反省,就能智慧明達,行為沒有過錯了。3.本段是從哪個角度論述中心論點的?明確:本段是從學習的意義這個角度論述中心論點的。荀子認為人的知識、道德、才能都不是天生成的,而是后天不斷學習獲得的,學習的意義十分重大,所以學習不能停止。4.本段中幾個比喻句是為了說明什么道理?學生討論發(fā)言,教師明確:
結(jié)合歷史自古以來,江山美人歷來都是引無數(shù)英雄豪杰競折腰的,如果說英雄選擇了美人卻丟了江山,把所有罪名都歸結(jié)于“女人是禍水”。但是,紂王無道,和有了妲己有必然的聯(lián)系嗎?有人說妲己壞透了,壞透了的妲己如果不是取得紂王的信任是壞不起來的,紂王聽信了妲己的讒言,聽與不聽決定權(quán)在紂王,而不在妲己。強勢永遠在紂王一邊。再來看看西施和楊貴妃:西施是作為越國貢獻給吳國的供品來到吳王夫差的身邊的,楊貴妃更是先是李隆基的兒媳婦被看中而得寵的。所以,西施和楊貴妃這兩個可憐的女人根本沒有自己的獨立選擇,沒有獨立的愛情,如果沒有西施,就會有南施,或北施;如果沒有楊貴妃,就會有李貴妃,王貴妃,總之什么施,什么妃是不能少的,因為那是吳王和李隆基的需要。
【明確】“一夫當關(guān),萬夫莫開”言劍閣有易守難攻的險要形勢,暗示中央朝廷的部隊很不容易打進來,因而野心家可以據(jù)險發(fā)動叛亂,“化為狼與豺”,搞地方割據(jù)。如果割據(jù)勢力之間出現(xiàn)矛盾沖突,難免要發(fā)生混戰(zhàn),結(jié)果必定是“殺人如麻”。詩人這番預(yù)言在十多年后就得到了證實:從上元二年到大歷初即有段子璋、徐知道、崔旰等人相繼發(fā)動叛亂。詩人的意圖是要嚴防野心家發(fā)難。詩人從劍閣的險要引出對政治形勢的描寫。他化用西晉張載《劍閣銘》中形勝之地,匪親勿居的語句,目的在于勸人引以為鑒戒,警惕戰(zhàn)亂的發(fā)生,并聯(lián)系當時的社會背景,揭露了蜀中豺狼的磨牙吮血,殺人如麻,這既是描寫蜀道猛獸,又是影射政治黑暗的雙關(guān)語句,表達了對國事的憂慮與關(guān)切,為詩篇增加了現(xiàn)實的內(nèi)涵、深厚的意蘊。唐天寶初年,太平景象背后正潛伏著危機,后來發(fā)生的安史之亂,證明詩人的憂慮是有現(xiàn)實意義的。
小結(jié)人們對待祥林嫂這個“嫁而再寡”的不幸女人態(tài)度:①、魯四老爺?shù)膽B(tài)度:不讓她干祭祀的活(71、73、75、108通過四嬸先后三喊“你放著罷”,殺人不見血地葬送了祥林嫂的性命。而其中尤以最后一次對其打擊最大)。魯四老爺站在頑固維護封建宗法制度的立場上,從精神上殘酷地虐殺她。他暗暗地告誡四嬸的那段話,就是置祥林嫂于死地而又不露一絲血痕的軟刀子。②、魯四嬸的態(tài)度:魯四嬸是“大戶人家的太太”,頭一次留祥林嫂是看她能干,祥林嫂被婆家綁架走以后,她害怕給自己家惹麻煩。之后她惦念祥林嫂不是因為關(guān)心她的命運,而是自己的傭人都沒有祥林嫂那樣可心。以后祥林嫂再來,她“起初還躊躕”,后來倒是真心憐憫祥林嫂,留下她。但是祥林嫂不像過去那樣靈活能干了,四嬸開始“不滿”,進而“警告”,最后把祥林嫂趕出家門??梢哉f,四嬸只是把祥林嫂當成一件工具罷了,沒有把她當人來看。
【教學目標】1.熟讀全文,掌握文中出現(xiàn)的重要的實詞、虛詞、古漢語句式;2.鑒賞本文融情于事的表達和形象精粹的語言;3.深入體會文章凄切婉轉(zhuǎn)的陳情技巧?!窘虒W重點】重要的古漢語語詞知識【教學難點】理解作者當時的處境和李密祖孫間真摯深厚的感情【教學方法】作為教讀課,選擇串講的方式,突出朗讀,以期能做到既落實知識,又能體會文章之美。課時安排為兩課時。要重點做好預(yù)習工作?!窘虒W步驟】一、以蘇軾的評論導入讀《出師表》不下淚者,其人必不忠;讀《陳情表》不下淚者,其人必不孝;讀《祭十二郎文》不下淚者,其人必不友二、預(yù)習檢測1、下列紅色字注音完全正確的一項()A、臣以險釁(xìn)夙遭閔(mǐn)兇終鮮(xiǎn)兄弟常在床蓐(rù)B、猥(wěi)以微賤責臣逋(bǔ)慢猶蒙衿(jīn)育寵命優(yōu)渥(wò)C、豈敢盤桓(huán)有所希冀(yì)日薄(bó)西山除臣洗(xiǎn)馬D、逮(dǎi)奉圣朝過蒙拔擢(zhuó)門衰祚(zuò)薄更(gēng)相為命分析:B責臣逋(bū)慢,C有所希冀(jì),D逮(dài)奉圣朝。
【教學目標】1.理解作者反抗黑暗,辭官歸田,不與當時黑暗的上層社會同流合污而熱愛田園生活的積極精神,學習其高潔的理想志趣和堅定的人生追求。2.掌握“胡、奚、曷、焉、何”五個疑問代詞,歸納“行、引、乘、策”等四個詞的一詞多義,了解“以、而、之、兮、來”等文言虛詞的用法。3.背誦全文。【教學重點】1.了解作者辭官歸田的原因,深刻體味詩人鄙棄官場,熱愛田園的無限欣喜之情。2.背誦全文?!窘虒W難點】1.理解記述中滲透出的或喜或哀,或決絕或猶疑的復(fù)雜感情。2.歸納實詞、虛詞的用法,掌握省略句、倒裝句兩種句式。【教具準備】投影儀投影膠片【課時安排】2課時【教學過程】第一課時[教學要點]了解陶淵明及其作品。讀課文,利用注釋、工具書,初步把握文章,朗讀課文,找出押韻的字,由押韻歸納各層大意,幫助學生理清背誦思路,背誦全文。[教學步驟]一、導語《桃花源記》是我們在初中接觸過的陶淵明的作品。師生一同背誦。《桃花源記》中悠閑自得的田園生活正是作者精神追求的形象反映。今天我們學習的《歸去來兮辭》正是作者決別官場,同上層社會分道揚鑣的宣言書。
【教學過程】導入:如果說唐詩是中國文學史中的一朵奇葩,那孟浩然則是點綴其上的一滴晶瑩露珠,其充滿魅力與特色的詩風在盛唐獨樹一幟,也為其在人才濟濟的詩史上刻下了永恒的印記。同學們能否先回憶一下,我們學過的孟浩然的詩歌有哪些?(《春曉》、《宿建德江》、《望洞庭湖贈張丞相》、《過故人莊》。)我們常說"中國古詩寫胸襟,是人格美的自然流露",那么孟詩在語言和思想情感上留給你怎樣的印象和感受?整體感知:本文作者聞一多先生也是一位詩人,所謂"英雄惜英雄",相同的志向與情趣使聞一多似乎帶著我們在與孟浩然進行了一場心靈的對話。那么同學們在快速閱讀文章之后,能否先找出作者是選擇了一個怎樣的角度對孟浩然評價的?(詩如其人,人如其詩。)
六、到此為止,我們了解到,作者對“笑”鯤鵬和別人的蜩與學鳩、斥鴳、宋榮子都一一作了否定。那么請大家討論一下,1、作者對鯤鵬和“知效一官,行比一鄉(xiāng),德合一君,而征一國者”是不是肯定呢?明確:也都作了否定。否定后者好理解,關(guān)鍵是否定前者不好理解,因為“鯤鵬展翅”早已作為積極的意象被人們廣泛引用。但在本文中,作者在講述這一寓言故事時,突出的不是鯤鵬本身,而是風力,“故九萬里,風斯在下矣,而后乃今培風;背負青天,而莫之夭閼者,而后乃今將圖南”。對風力作用的突出,實際上就是對鯤鵬的否定。作者寫了“笑”的雙方,對“笑”的一方蜩與學鳩、斥鴳、宋榮子都作了否定,對被“笑”的一方鯤鵬和“知效一官,行比一鄉(xiāng),德合一君,而征一國者”也都作了否定,并且對順便提及的野馬、塵埃、芥、大舟、朝菌、蟪蛄、冥靈、大椿、彭祖、列子等事物或者人物也都作了否定。這種全盤否定的態(tài)度,如果我們借用本文中的一個形象的詞語,可以說是:笑!是的,本文也可以說是:莊子“笑”萬物!
①從政府人員組成看,南京政府是一個以資產(chǎn)階級革命派為主體的政府。②從政府頒發(fā)的法令和措施看,這些法令體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級民主革命的要求,對于發(fā)展民族資本主義經(jīng)濟、資產(chǎn)階級民主政治和文化教育以及改革社會風氣,都起了積極作用。③從頒布的《中華民國臨時約法》看,憲法體現(xiàn)了三權(quán)分立的政治體制,體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級民主主義的要求,是中國歷史上第一部資產(chǎn)階級民主憲法,具有反封建專制制度的進步意義。(2)從南京臨時政府的內(nèi)外政策分析南京政府的根本弱點①未徹底地反封建。它沒有采取比較徹底的反對封建主義的措施,特別是對封建統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ)——地主階級土地所有制沒有觸動,這樣,南京臨時政府也就不能真正地把廣大人民群眾動員起來,因而缺乏真正的群眾基礎(chǔ)。
【備課資料】百團大戰(zhàn)八路軍從8月20日起,在華北敵后出動105個團,約40萬兵力,在2500公里長的戰(zhàn)線上,發(fā)動了規(guī)模最大的“以徹底破壞正太路若干要隘,消滅部分敵人截斷該線交通”為目的的舉世聞名的“百團大戰(zhàn)”。八路軍提出“不留一根鐵軌、不留一根枕木、不留一個車站、不留一個碉堡、不留一座橋梁”的口號,“讓敵人用腳同我們賽跑”,“讓敵人用牛驢搬炮彈、飛機大炮”。八路軍展開攻堅戰(zhàn),端掉敵一系列據(jù)點。據(jù)有關(guān)資料記載,從8月20日到12月5日,在歷時三個半月的“百四大戰(zhàn)”中,我軍共進行大小戰(zhàn)斗1824次,斃傷日偽軍25800余人,俘日偽軍18600余人,繳獲了大批武器、彈藥和軍用食品等;破壞鐵路470多公里,公路1500多公里,橋梁、車站、隧道等260余處,使正太鐵路停運月余;攻克日偽據(jù)點2993個,鞏固和擴大了抗日軍民占領(lǐng)區(qū)。
材料五航路開辟后,東方香料輸入歐洲的總量較中古之時猛增30倍,而胡椒、丁香等在印度購入和在英國賣出的差價亦高達10至29倍,其他貨物的獲利同樣驚人。這一時期,新的商品不斷涌現(xiàn),特別值得注意的是美洲的特產(chǎn)——玉米、馬鈴薯、煙草、可可等——被傳播到歐亞大陸。這時,世界性的對外貿(mào)易主要通過大西洋,地中海與意大利皆告衰落,而沿大洋的英、荷等漸居中心。到17世紀時,英國的倫敦與荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹成為世界貿(mào)易中心。問題4:材料五表明,新航路開辟后對世界貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生了哪些重大影響?答案4:結(jié)束了世界相對孤立狀態(tài);各地文明開始會合交流,日益連成一個整體;歐洲商人直接同世界各地建立商業(yè)聯(lián)系;促進不同國家和貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,促進世界市場雛形開始出現(xiàn)。
(2)根據(jù)材料二與所學知識,從經(jīng)濟、政治、思想文化三個方面,分析歐洲近代科技迅速發(fā)展的原因。答:資本主義工商業(yè)的成長刺激了對技術(shù)的需求,為近代科技的發(fā)展提供了工具和手段;資產(chǎn)階級革命為資本主義發(fā)展、科技進步開辟了道路;人文主義和理性精神解放了思想,推動近代科技迅速發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過該問總分)(3)根據(jù)材料二三與所學知識,分析清代(鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前)中國科技發(fā)展停滯的原因。答:君主專制維系腐朽制度;重農(nóng)抑商、閉關(guān)政策阻礙資本主義萌芽發(fā)展;自然經(jīng)濟不能提供近代科技發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ);文化專制政策(或崇尚理學、八股取士、文字獄等)禁錮思想,摧殘人才,阻礙科技發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過該問總分。)(4)簡述從中西方科技發(fā)展變化的歷史中得到的啟示。答:評分說明:圍繞生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,政治經(jīng)濟變革、思想解放與科技發(fā)展的關(guān)系等任一角度回答,言之有理,均可酌情賦分
(形容詞短語most beautiful的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作定語修飾名詞bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能讓你真正高興的人。(形容詞短語really happy的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語在句中作賓語補足語)[即學即練]畫出下例句中的形容詞短語并指明構(gòu)成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.構(gòu)成形式: 副詞+形容詞(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副詞短語(Adverb Phrases)副詞短語:指以一個副詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語,在句中的功能相當于副詞,可以修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。常見副詞短語的構(gòu)成形式有:(副詞)+副詞如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在這里工作。(副詞短語here yesterday修飾動詞did)②Bill did the work very well.比爾做的這份工作很好。副詞短語very well修飾動詞did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副詞短語all entirely, 修飾形容詞短語responsible for)
【教材分析】The topic of this unit is about teenage life, which belongs to the theme context of “humans and oneself”.As teenagers who shoulder the responsibility of “Chinese great dream”, they must fully know themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses and challenges etc. They are supposed to improve themselves continuously and readily study their subjects, and thus foster their strategies and confidence in lifelong studies.This period is entitled the freshmen challenges, which mainly concerns some big challenges for new students in Senior high school. In this period, a teacher should lead students to find out what their challenges are and guide them to figure out how to crack the challenges and better themselves. More importantly, a teacher should instruct students to absorb new language points and appreciate the language. Besides, a teacher must instruct students to acquire some skills concerning reading efficiently and inspire them to talk more about their new school life, especially their new problems and solutions both at school and in life.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the new words and expressions concerning the freshmen challenges and learn to use them flexibly.2. Enable students to have a good understanding of the freshmen challenges in the new senior high school which is quite different from junior middle school.3. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 4. Develop students’ different learning skills to solve different reading comprehensive problems.
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with reading for writing a letter of advice. Students are expected to learn the knowledge about how to write a suggestion letter. The teacher is expected to enable students to master some writing skills concerning suggestion letters and learn to write one.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of how to write a suggestion letter properly.2. Enable students to use some writing skills flexibly.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.【教學重難點】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the skills of writing a suggestion letter2.How to enable students to write a good recommendation letter using some writing skills properly.【教學過程】Step 1: Lead in Begin the class with the lead-in questions: how to write a letter for advice? What kinds of aspects should be included? It is strongly recommended that the teacher should ask students to discuss the topic freely with their partners and brainstorm some ideas concerning the topic. In this way, students can come up with more ideas and avoid being nervous at the beginning of the class.Step 2: Read to discover details concerning advice letters’ writing style.The teacher is expected to ask students to read a letter offering some advice on page 18 silently and then request students to discuss the questions below.
(5)be to do (可以和具體的時間狀語連用)①表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。②用于時間、條件狀語從句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學生們將在學校大門口集會。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必須努力工作。(6)be about to do (不與具體的時間狀語連用) 表示即將要發(fā)生的動作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學年開學在即。(7)一般現(xiàn)在時表將來①表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。常限于表示位置移動的短暫性動詞。②在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時刻表,快點!4026次航班的起飛時間是下午6點20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙,因為去機場的火車半小時后出發(fā)。
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來的三天里,您可以在當?shù)貙в蔚呐阃拢钊胗炅诌M行探索,欣賞雨林特有的動植物。本句主體結(jié)構(gòu)為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸,僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合,即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應(yīng)用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進行設(shè)計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.(1) Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?(2) Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.
II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “l(fā)ink verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.