二、典例解析例4. 用 10 000元購(gòu)買(mǎi)某個(gè)理財(cái)產(chǎn)品一年.(1)若以月利率0.400%的復(fù)利計(jì)息,12個(gè)月能獲得多少利息(精確到1元)?(2)若以季度復(fù)利計(jì)息,存4個(gè)季度,則當(dāng)每季度利率為多少時(shí),按季結(jié)算的利息不少于按月結(jié)算的利息(精確到10^(-5))?分析:復(fù)利是指把前一期的利息與本金之和算作本金,再計(jì)算下一期的利息.所以若原始本金為a元,每期的利率為r ,則從第一期開(kāi)始,各期的本利和a , a(1+r),a(1+r)^2…構(gòu)成等比數(shù)列.解:(1)設(shè)這筆錢(qián)存 n 個(gè)月以后的本利和組成一個(gè)數(shù)列{a_n },則{a_n }是等比數(shù)列,首項(xiàng)a_1=10^4 (1+0.400%),公比 q=1+0.400%,所以a_12=a_1 q^11 〖=10〗^4 (1+0.400%)^12≈10 490.7.所以,12個(gè)月后的利息為10 490.7-10^4≈491(元).解:(2)設(shè)季度利率為 r ,這筆錢(qián)存 n 個(gè)季度以后的本利和組成一個(gè)數(shù)列{b_n },則{b_n }也是一個(gè)等比數(shù)列,首項(xiàng) b_1=10^4 (1+r),公比為1+r,于是 b_4=10^4 (1+r)^4.
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
⑦在我看來(lái), 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識(shí)與技能:通過(guò)觀察、操作等實(shí)踐活動(dòng),進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)平移和旋轉(zhuǎn)新知的認(rèn)識(shí)。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生動(dòng)手實(shí)踐能力,并初步獲得繪圖、剪圖等技能。2、數(shù)學(xué)思考:在對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單圖形變化、運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的探索過(guò)程中,發(fā)展空間觀念,培養(yǎng)形象思維能力和邏輯思維能力,初步滲透變換的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法。在解決問(wèn)題過(guò)程中,能進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的、有條理的思考。3、解決問(wèn)題:能在教師指導(dǎo)下,從日常生活中發(fā)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題。有與同伴合作解決問(wèn)題的體驗(yàn)。初步學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)解決問(wèn)題的大致過(guò)程和結(jié)果。4、情感與態(tài)度:在同伴和教師的鼓勵(lì)與幫助下,對(duì)身邊的數(shù)學(xué)有好奇心,能夠積極參與數(shù)學(xué)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。能克服在數(shù)學(xué)活動(dòng)中的某些困難,獲得成功的體驗(yàn),有學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)的信心。了解并喜愛(ài)中國(guó)民間的傳統(tǒng)工藝“剪紙”。
3、教材結(jié)構(gòu)分析教材內(nèi)容可以看出,本節(jié)課包含四個(gè)知識(shí)的內(nèi)容。即調(diào)查入學(xué)時(shí)的體重情況填寫(xiě)統(tǒng)計(jì)表;收集現(xiàn)在(二年級(jí))的體重情況填寫(xiě)統(tǒng)計(jì)表;把入學(xué)以及現(xiàn)在的體重情況統(tǒng)一填寫(xiě)到同一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)表中;整理、分析表內(nèi)信息回答簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。但從本地學(xué)生情況實(shí)際出發(fā),以及條件的限制,所以本人對(duì)教材內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了略微的調(diào)整,將調(diào)查入學(xué)時(shí)的體重情況填寫(xiě)統(tǒng)計(jì)表改為統(tǒng)計(jì)本地區(qū)天氣情況,也與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活緊密地聯(lián)系在一起。同時(shí),按照教材的邏輯性將知識(shí)整合在新課程改革的目標(biāo)中。4、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識(shí)目標(biāo):能運(yùn)用信息的手段、新的學(xué)習(xí)方法收集整理數(shù)據(jù)完成簡(jiǎn)單的復(fù)合式統(tǒng)計(jì)圖。(2)情感目標(biāo):能根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)提出并解答簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題,感受生活中處處有數(shù)學(xué),結(jié)合實(shí)例有機(jī)地進(jìn)行家鄉(xiāng)情的教育。
低年級(jí)學(xué)生注意力不易持久。單調(diào)的練習(xí)學(xué)生容易產(chǎn)生厭倦情緒,降低練習(xí)效率。況且對(duì)于筆算兩位數(shù)加減兩位數(shù),學(xué)生們掌握得都很熟練了。針對(duì)這些,我把整堂課的設(shè)計(jì)注重以下幾點(diǎn):1、設(shè)計(jì)生活化的教學(xué)內(nèi)容?!稑?biāo)準(zhǔn)》指出:“人人學(xué)有價(jià)值的數(shù)學(xué)。”“有價(jià)值”的數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)該與學(xué)生的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活和以往的知識(shí)體驗(yàn)有密切的關(guān)系,是對(duì)他們有吸引力、能使他們產(chǎn)生興趣的內(nèi)容。這節(jié)課我的教學(xué)內(nèi)容是筆算。開(kāi)始時(shí)我并沒(méi)有直接出示兩位數(shù)加減兩位數(shù)的筆算練習(xí),從舊知到新知。而是試圖從日常生活入手,創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)幫助老師選擇買(mǎi)東西的情境,希望通過(guò)幫助老師從2種價(jià)格不同的電風(fēng)扇和從2種價(jià)格不同的洗衣機(jī)中各選擇一樣,計(jì)算價(jià)格,力圖從真實(shí)的生活環(huán)境中解決問(wèn)題,放開(kāi)手讓他們?nèi)W(xué)。況且用學(xué)生熟悉的,有興趣的,貼近他們現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行教學(xué),才能喚起他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)積極性,使學(xué)生感受到生活與數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)是密不可分的,使數(shù)學(xué)課富有濃郁的生活氣息,從而產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)和探求數(shù)學(xué)的動(dòng)機(jī),主動(dòng)應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)去思考問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題。
我說(shuō)課的內(nèi)容是小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)二年級(jí)下冊(cè)《1000以?xún)?nèi)數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)》,本節(jié)課的教學(xué)時(shí)建立在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)百以?xún)?nèi)數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)基礎(chǔ)之上的,是學(xué)生對(duì)100以?xún)?nèi)數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)的延伸和擴(kuò)展,同時(shí),它有著一個(gè)非常重要的地位,就是要為學(xué)習(xí)10000以?xún)?nèi)數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)做好鋪墊,因?yàn)椋?000或10000都是比較大的數(shù),在學(xué)生的認(rèn)識(shí)還很有限的基礎(chǔ)上,如何讓學(xué)生能盡快的建立起大數(shù)的概念和意識(shí),在這里格外重要,對(duì)于這一部分內(nèi)容,《小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中是這樣闡述的:能認(rèn)、讀、寫(xiě)萬(wàn)以?xún)?nèi)的數(shù),會(huì)用數(shù)表示物體的個(gè)數(shù)或事物的順序和位置,能說(shuō)出各數(shù)位的名稱(chēng),識(shí)別各數(shù)位的數(shù)字的意義;結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)素材感受大數(shù)的意義,并能進(jìn)行結(jié)算。根據(jù)這一闡述,我把本課時(shí)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)定義以下幾點(diǎn):1、學(xué)習(xí)1000以?xún)?nèi)的數(shù),體驗(yàn)數(shù)的產(chǎn)生和作用。2、會(huì)數(shù)1000以?xún)?nèi)的數(shù),認(rèn)識(shí)計(jì)數(shù)單位“千”,體會(huì)十進(jìn)關(guān)系。3、讓學(xué)生經(jīng)歷觀察、猜想、操作等數(shù)學(xué)活動(dòng)過(guò)程,結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)材料感受大數(shù)的意義,逐漸發(fā)展學(xué)生的數(shù)感。
二、說(shuō)教法在本課的教學(xué)中我力求改變過(guò)去重知識(shí)、輕能力,重結(jié)果、輕過(guò)程,重教法、輕學(xué)法的狀況。樹(shù)立以“以學(xué)生發(fā)展為本”、“以學(xué)定教”、“教為學(xué)服務(wù)”的思想。本課的教學(xué)方法有創(chuàng)設(shè)情境法、引導(dǎo)探究法、類(lèi)比遷移法、歸納總結(jié)法、組織練習(xí)法等。三、說(shuō)學(xué)法我們常說(shuō):“現(xiàn)代的文盲不是不識(shí)字的人,而是沒(méi)有掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法的人”,因而我們要特別重視學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)方法的培養(yǎng)和指導(dǎo)。本課學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方法主要有:自主發(fā)現(xiàn)法、合作探究法、類(lèi)比遷移法、歸納總結(jié)法、感知體驗(yàn)法等。四、說(shuō)教學(xué)程序課標(biāo)指出教學(xué)應(yīng)遵循學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的心理規(guī)律,強(qiáng)調(diào)從學(xué)生已有生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā),將數(shù)學(xué)活動(dòng)置身于實(shí)施的生活背景之中,為他們提供觀察操作、實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)本節(jié)課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容我設(shè)置了如下四大環(huán)節(jié):(一)復(fù)習(xí)舊知、引入新課。
1、找一找生活中的物體表面上的角,教師給出一定的描述語(yǔ)句『如:紅領(lǐng)巾是由2個(gè)(銳角)和1個(gè)(鈍角)組成的。課后,我校語(yǔ)文老師告訴我這句話是錯(cuò)誤的,應(yīng)該該成“紅領(lǐng)巾的表面有2個(gè)銳角和1個(gè)鈍角”。作為數(shù)學(xué)教師在課堂語(yǔ)言上更要嚴(yán)格要求自己,把握數(shù)學(xué)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,以免誤人子弟?!?,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí),逐漸培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。把學(xué)生的思維從課堂帶到了生活中,使學(xué)生感受到生活中的數(shù)學(xué)無(wú)處不在。『學(xué)生朱洋成在教室墻壁上找到一個(gè)角,但是用眼睛判斷不出是銳角還是鈍角,一時(shí)楞在那里不知所措。于是我引導(dǎo)他判斷角的大小的方法,他說(shuō)出來(lái)后,將教學(xué)用的三角板交給他,讓他自己動(dòng)手去尋找答案。』我認(rèn)為當(dāng)學(xué)生遇到困難,不能說(shuō)出很多生活中各類(lèi)角時(shí),教師不立即給予回答,而讓學(xué)生思考、說(shuō)說(shuō)解決的辦法,使其懂得要走進(jìn)生活去觀察、去發(fā)現(xiàn)、去解決。這樣的練習(xí)設(shè)計(jì),讓學(xué)生學(xué)有困難,學(xué)有疑問(wèn),學(xué)有思考,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣。
3、 教學(xué)例6仿照例5 的解題過(guò)程,用比例的知識(shí)來(lái)解答例6.練習(xí)后,讓學(xué)生說(shuō)一說(shuō)自己是怎樣想的。檢查解答過(guò)程,弄清為什么列成積相等的等式解答。4、 小結(jié)應(yīng)用比例知識(shí)解題,先要判斷兩種相關(guān)聯(lián)的量成什么比例關(guān)系,(板書(shū):判斷比例關(guān)系)再找出相關(guān)聯(lián)量的對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)值,(板書(shū):找出對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)值)再根據(jù)正(反)比例的意義列出等式解答。(板書(shū):列出等式解答)追問(wèn):你認(rèn)為解題的關(guān)鍵是什么?(正確判斷成什么比例)怎樣來(lái)列出等式?(正比例比值相等,反比例乘積相等)(三)練習(xí)提高1、基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)2、判斷說(shuō)理不解答由學(xué)生打手勢(shì)表示,增添了教學(xué)的趣味性,又增大了學(xué)生的參與面把握學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的效果。(四)全課小結(jié)這節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)了什么內(nèi)容?正反比例實(shí)際問(wèn)題要怎樣解答?
1.本課修訂版教材和未修訂時(shí)的教材沒(méi)有變化。教材首先是復(fù)習(xí)文字題:求一個(gè)數(shù)的幾分之幾是多少;然后教學(xué)例1:“學(xué)校買(mǎi)來(lái)100千克白菜,吃了 ,吃了多少千克白菜?”這道例題本身和學(xué)生聯(lián)系不緊密,題材無(wú)新意,無(wú)情趣,課后有些習(xí)題又沒(méi)有緊密結(jié)合生活實(shí)際,如第16頁(yè)第7題:指出下面每組中的兩個(gè)數(shù),應(yīng)把誰(shuí)看作單位“1”?①乙是甲 。②乙的 相當(dāng)于甲。這樣教材本身就難以激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,更談不上給學(xué)生一種自主學(xué)習(xí)的氛圍。面對(duì)這種現(xiàn)狀,我們教師就應(yīng)緊緊結(jié)合《數(shù)學(xué)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,靈活地、創(chuàng)造性地使用教材,體現(xiàn)新課程理念。2.課改的基本理念是:要關(guān)注學(xué)生、關(guān)注過(guò)程、關(guān)注發(fā)展。這節(jié)課我是打破了傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式,緊密結(jié)合新課程理念精心設(shè)計(jì)的。課上學(xué)生的反應(yīng)與以往大不相同。首先在課前問(wèn)題情境部分,學(xué)生的反應(yīng)就讓我驚喜,在學(xué)生自己的見(jiàn)解中,居然發(fā)現(xiàn)了地球吸引力和月球吸引力之間的關(guān)系,這是學(xué)生創(chuàng)新能力的真實(shí)表現(xiàn)。
第三層次:嘗試練習(xí)讓學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成教材117頁(yè)的第3題,個(gè)別學(xué)生板演,教師在學(xué)生完成后集體點(diǎn)評(píng),強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。第三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié):變式練習(xí),鞏固深化練習(xí)的設(shè)計(jì)要抓基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)與發(fā)展創(chuàng)新能力緊密結(jié)合起來(lái),以達(dá)到發(fā)展思維,形成技能的目標(biāo)。在此環(huán)節(jié)我設(shè)計(jì)了如下練習(xí):1、定位練習(xí)。仿照例3出示類(lèi)似的兩道應(yīng)用題,要求學(xué)生讀題,畫(huà)圖,深入理解題里的數(shù)量關(guān)系,列出數(shù)量關(guān)系式。強(qiáng)化難點(diǎn),形成技能。2、提高題:同來(lái)互相編題,互相解答。通過(guò)以上練習(xí),促使學(xué)生將新的知識(shí)溶入到已有認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)中,以利于更好的遷移和運(yùn)用。第四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)課堂作業(yè)反饋信息完成課本練習(xí)二十三第4-7題(三)說(shuō)“誘思探究”在本節(jié)課的具體體現(xiàn)1、以學(xué)生為主體,教學(xué)中多次引導(dǎo)學(xué)生嘗試練習(xí),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把舊知與新知進(jìn)行對(duì)比;引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主探索,親身體驗(yàn),切實(shí)把學(xué)生推向?qū)W習(xí)探索的第一線。體現(xiàn)了“誘思探究”對(duì)當(dāng)代課堂教學(xué)的要求。
(二)?過(guò)程與方法? 4.?觀察生活中的慣性現(xiàn)象,了解力和運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)系? 5.?通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)加深對(duì)牛頓第一定律的理解? 6.?理解理想實(shí)驗(yàn)是科學(xué)研究的重要方法? (三)?情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀? 7.?通過(guò)伽利略和亞里士多德對(duì)力和運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系的不同認(rèn)識(shí),了解人類(lèi)認(rèn)識(shí)事物本質(zhì)的曲折性? 8.?感悟科學(xué)是人類(lèi)進(jìn)步的不竭動(dòng)力
一、說(shuō)教材1、教學(xué)內(nèi)容本節(jié)課是義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教材人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)第三冊(cè)18至19頁(yè)的內(nèi)容。它是在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了20以?xún)?nèi)的退位減法、兩位數(shù)減一位數(shù)和兩位數(shù)減整十?dāng)?shù)以及兩位數(shù)減兩位數(shù)的不退位減法筆算的基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)的。它是以后學(xué)習(xí)多位數(shù)減法的重要基礎(chǔ)。2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)、知識(shí)目標(biāo):使學(xué)生在理解算理的基礎(chǔ)上初步掌握兩位數(shù)退位減法的計(jì)算方法,并能正確的進(jìn)行計(jì)算。(2)、技能目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的動(dòng)手操作能力,發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。(3)、情感目標(biāo):通過(guò)情景的創(chuàng)設(shè),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的愛(ài)國(guó)之情,同時(shí)讓學(xué)生在自主探索算法的基礎(chǔ)上體驗(yàn)到成功的喜悅。3、教學(xué)重點(diǎn):本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)是理解筆算兩位數(shù)退位減的算理,能正確用豎式計(jì)算。4、教學(xué)難點(diǎn):理解兩位數(shù)減兩位數(shù)退位減法的算理。
(四)、課堂總結(jié)、體驗(yàn)成功引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)、學(xué)習(xí)方法、學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果、情感等進(jìn)行全面總結(jié),讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)的成功感,同時(shí),進(jìn)一步系統(tǒng)、完善知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。總之,本課的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)力求體現(xiàn)“以學(xué)生為本”的教學(xué)理念,具體體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:(一)、創(chuàng)設(shè)生動(dòng)的情景,激發(fā)探索的樂(lè)趣,讓學(xué)生感受數(shù)學(xué)與生活的聯(lián)系。課的引入以一幅學(xué)生經(jīng)常接觸的,喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的購(gòu)買(mǎi)玩具這一題材為切入點(diǎn)。在練習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)中,改變枯燥抽象的數(shù)字計(jì)算練習(xí),選取了一組寓有童趣的素材。它們以豐富多彩的呈現(xiàn)方式深深地吸引著學(xué)生,使他們認(rèn)識(shí)到現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中蘊(yùn)含著大量的數(shù)學(xué)信息,使學(xué)生感到有趣、有挑戰(zhàn)性,激發(fā)他們好奇,好勝的心理,從而誘發(fā)他們?nèi)ブ鲃?dòng)尋求解決問(wèn)題的策略,同時(shí)體驗(yàn)到數(shù)學(xué)與生活的聯(lián)系。
說(shuō)教材:(1)教學(xué)內(nèi)容:人民教育出版社出版的九年義務(wù)教育六年制小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教科書(shū)第三冊(cè)中的第16—17頁(yè)的例1及“做一做”,練習(xí)三1、2、3、4、題。(2)教材分析(教材的前后聯(lián)系,地位作用及編排意圖):兩位數(shù)減兩位數(shù)是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)筆算減法的開(kāi)始,也是以后學(xué)習(xí)多位筆算減法的基礎(chǔ)。由于筆算減法是在口算減法的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的,所以教材先安排了口算整十?dāng)?shù)減整十?dāng)?shù)、兩位數(shù)減整十?dāng)?shù)、兩位數(shù)減一位數(shù)的復(fù)習(xí),為理解筆算做好準(zhǔn)備。教材由兩位數(shù)減一位數(shù)的不退位減法口算引出兩位數(shù)減一位數(shù)的不退位減法的筆算。說(shuō)明這種口算題也可以寫(xiě)成豎式,用筆算。然后,對(duì)照直觀圖說(shuō)明計(jì)算時(shí)要把相同數(shù)位對(duì)齊,從個(gè)位減起的計(jì)算順序。(3)教學(xué)目標(biāo):根據(jù)教材的編排意圖以及學(xué)生的實(shí)際,我確定本課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是:使學(xué)生理解筆算兩位數(shù)減兩位數(shù)的算理,掌握豎式的寫(xiě)法和計(jì)算方法,并能正確的筆算。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生知識(shí)遷移的能力和口頭表達(dá)能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生仔細(xì)計(jì)算的良好學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。
一、說(shuō)教材:本課時(shí)主要的內(nèi)容就是讓學(xué)生在情境中掌握兩位數(shù)加兩位數(shù)的進(jìn)位加法計(jì)算,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)嘗試和探索出多種算法,體驗(yàn)多種算法,然后比較出最好的算法。教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、通過(guò)具體的情境使學(xué)生更一步的理解加法的意義和提高學(xué)生的估算意識(shí)。2、通過(guò)學(xué)生的合作學(xué)習(xí)從而能探討出多種計(jì)算兩位數(shù)減兩位退位減法的方法。3、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力,提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。4、掌握兩位數(shù)加兩位數(shù)(進(jìn)位加)豎式的寫(xiě)法。重點(diǎn):(1)通過(guò)學(xué)生的合作學(xué)習(xí)從而能探討出多種計(jì)算兩位數(shù)減兩位退位減法的方法。(2)掌握筆算加法的計(jì)算法則。難點(diǎn):對(duì)多樣化算法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,達(dá)到正確完成計(jì)算。發(fā)展學(xué)生的估算意識(shí)、和探究意識(shí)和解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。二、說(shuō)教法:組織學(xué)生在前面計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)上,自主探索出兩位數(shù)加兩位(進(jìn)位加)的計(jì)算方法,并通過(guò)交流、討論,達(dá)到對(duì)算法的優(yōu)化,在通過(guò)“試一試”、“算一算”、“想一想”等形式達(dá)到知識(shí)的掌握。