Step 5 While reading---Task 3Read the text again and answer the following questions.Q1: How many countries does the UK consist of ?4 Q2: What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Q3: Which two were the first to be joined together ?England and WalesQ4: What are the two chief advantages of studying the history of a country ?The first one is to help you understand more about the country and its traditions.The second one is to make visiting it more enjoyable.Q5: What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history ?Supportive/positiveStep 6 Post reading---Retell the textThe United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by (1)_____ these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales (2) __________(join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19 th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland (3) ______ (break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the (4)_________(shorten) name: the UK. The four countries (5)__________ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles (6)_________(build) all around England and made changes (7)__________ the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more (8)_________(enjoy). The capital city London is (9)___ ancient port city that has a history (10)______(date) back to Roman times. 1. what 2.was joined 3.broke 4.shortened 5.that 6. built 7.to 8.enjoyable 9.an 10.dating Step 6 Homework
這個地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學(xué)既練:為了讓更多的外國游客了解中國文化,欣賞中國美麗的自然風(fēng)光,感受中國發(fā)生的巨大變化,某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊子來介紹中國的旅游景點。該雜志社邀請你為該小冊子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州,內(nèi)容包括:1.杭州的位置(中國東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等;2.杭州的旅游特色(自然風(fēng)景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等);3.希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city.Dating back more than 2,200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers.In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating.In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions.In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them.As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year.Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss.
This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.
(4)Now we have heard a number of outstanding speeches ... 我們已經(jīng)聆聽了許多精彩的發(fā)言……(5)Because we wanted the nations of the world, working together, to deal with ... 因為我們希望全世界各國團(tuán)結(jié)起來去應(yīng)對……(6)And if we do not act ... 如果我們不采取行動……(7)Now, I share the concerns that have been expressed ... 我也同意對于……表達(dá)的擔(dān)心(8)Let us show the world that by working together we can ... 讓我們告訴全世界,通過一起努力我們可以……(9)It is now time for us to ... 是時候我們……(10)And I have always wished that ... 我一直希望……(11)Thank you for letting me share this day with me.感謝你們和我共度這一天。實踐演練:假如你是高中生李華,你校將舉辦一次以“音樂”為主題的演講比賽,請你按照主題,寫下你的演講稿。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。First of all, thank you for listening to my speech. My topic is: love music like love yourself.Music is like the air we need to maintain our normal lives around us. You can't imagine how terrible a world without music would be. Movies and TV shows have no music, only dry conversations and scenes; mobile phones only vibrations; streets only noisy crowds; cafes, western restaurants only depressed meals. What a terrible world it is!As a student, I hope we all can enjoy the fun brought by music in our spare time. Instead of just listening to music, we can even make our own music. Let's enjoy the fun of music!Thanks again for your attention!
2. Explore the significance of the establishment of Sarek National Park.Q1: Which event is the most important one in the park’s history?Ss: The establishment of Sarek national park in 1909 is the most important one.Q2: Is it worth making a place like Sarek a national park? Give your reasons.Ss: Yes. In this way, the place can be kept in its natural state and natural beauties and other rare and valuable resources can be preserved instead of being destroyed by endless exploitation driven by profits.Q3: How does the writer organize his introduction to the history of Sarek?Ss: The writer organizes his introduction in the sequence of time, using time indicators such as “used to”, “around 9,000 years ago”, “soon after”, “following the reindeer”, and “in 1909”.Q4: What is the feature of the language used to introduce the history of the park?Ss: The introduction to the park is to provide facts, using time indicators to organize the events. Sentences starts with “third person” and passive voice is used more often, feeling objective.【設(shè)計意圖】學(xué)生尋找和梳理公園歷史上的重要事件,體會人與自然的和諧關(guān)系,評鑒介紹性語言的特點?!竞诵乃仞B(yǎng)提升點】發(fā)展自主提取、梳理文本信息能力,訓(xùn)練邏輯思維和高階思維。Activity 3: Highlighting the secret of the text
【設(shè)計意圖】 基于上述分析,學(xué)生總結(jié)新聞故事語篇類型的特征,即標(biāo)題的省略性、導(dǎo)語的概括性、數(shù)據(jù)的支撐性和引語的重要性。在此過程中,學(xué)生對新聞故事語篇類型有了更深層次的了解,對于學(xué)生閱讀和寫作具有重要意義。Activity 7: Discussing to make a writing outline.本活動為實現(xiàn)課時目標(biāo)3。1.Discuss and make an outline.Ask students to discuss in groups of four and make their own writing outline.To celebrate the 70th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China, our school newspaper starts a new column about “People of Achievement”. You plan to write a news story about one of the winners of the Medal of the Republic in 2019, including Yu Min, Shen Jilan, Sun Jiadong, Li Yannian, Zhang Fuqing, Yuan Longping, Huang Xuhua and Tu Youyou.【設(shè)計意圖】 教師創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,即為慶祝新中國成立70周年,校報新增有關(guān)卓有成就人物的欄目,你將從共和國勛章獲得者中,選擇一位寫一篇新聞故事,向該欄目投稿。學(xué)生以小組合作形式,展開討論,并寫出新聞故事框架,有助于學(xué)生課后收集人物信息,撰寫新聞故事。
本活動旨在落實課時教學(xué)目標(biāo)2。 1.Think, discuss and share. Students form groups of 4, discuss about the given ending make comments. Q1: Do you like the ending? Q2: Was it a logical ending? Why so or why not? [設(shè)計意圖]通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考、討論、評價,比較個人、同伴所預(yù)測的結(jié)局和聽力文本所給定的結(jié)局的異同點,深化對文本的認(rèn)知,發(fā)展學(xué)生的評判性思維能力。 Activity 4: Exploring Asimov’s three laws of robotics and the purpose of the writing 本活動旨在落實課時教學(xué)目標(biāo)3。 1. Get to know Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. The teacher shares Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. The three laws state that: ①A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. ②A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. ③A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. Q: How does Tony’s story relate to the laws? 2. Figure out Isaac Asimov’s purpose of writing Satisfaction Guaranteed. The students express their opinions about the author’s writing purpose. Q: Why did Isaac Asimov write such a story? S: To explore the relationship between robots and humans. [設(shè)計意圖]通過了解艾薩克·阿西莫夫所制定的機(jī)器人三大定律,加深學(xué)生對文本的理解,深入探究文本的主題意義。推理作者的寫作目的,聯(lián)系生活實際,思考人類與機(jī)器人的關(guān)系。
[2] An important breakthrough…was… [3] Another innovation was … [4] the emphasis increasingly shifted from…to… [5] New ideas and values gradually replaced… [6] While his paintings still had religious themes… … T: All these expressions serve to show how Western painting has developed. Some of them share similar structure but with varied use of words, which makes the text vivid and more readable. 【設(shè)計意圖】主題類語言整理有助于學(xué)生類化語言應(yīng)用,提高語言輸出的豐富性。處理完文本內(nèi)容信息后,進(jìn)入語篇信息處理,進(jìn)行主題相關(guān)的詞塊歸類。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生快速閱讀,尋找表達(dá)相同主題(發(fā)展或者藝術(shù))的詞和短語,再根據(jù)詞性、用法和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行歸類,儲備主題相關(guān)詞匯,豐富語言儲備,提升語言素養(yǎng)。 Assignment: Go online to gather more information about Chinese painting and write a short history of it. 【設(shè)計意圖】結(jié)合所學(xué),遷移運用,根據(jù)實際語境,進(jìn)行模仿性運用。在此過程中,學(xué)生嘗試借鑒已學(xué)的語言、內(nèi)容、語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作手法來建構(gòu)新文本,實現(xiàn)語篇輸出,同時關(guān)注中西藝術(shù)文化的差別,加深對優(yōu)秀文化的認(rèn)同,培養(yǎng)文化意識。
陰陽原是指日光的向背,向日為陽,背日為陰。我國古代地名中的“陰”和“陽”實際上是一種方位指示,“日之所照曰陽”,也就是說太陽所能照到的地方就稱為陽。 山水陰陽是說古代以山南、水北為陽,以山北、水南為陰。 形成這種局面的原因是山峰高聳,日光能照射到的地方是山的南面;而河流位于地平面以下,所以太陽能照射到的地方其實是河流的北面。 故有“山南水北謂之陽,山北水南謂之陰”的說法。在我國歷史上,很多地名及地理表述都與此關(guān)系密切,如江陰、衡陽、漢陽等。 《愚公移山》 中說:“指通豫南,達(dá)于漢陰?!?其中的“漢陰”是指漢水的南岸。 “泰山之陽,汶水西流;其陰,濟(jì)水東流”(姚鼐《登泰山記》)、“所謂華山洞(南宋王象之《輿地紀(jì)勝》寫為‘華陽洞’。 看正文下句,應(yīng)為‘華陽洞’)者,以其乃華山之陽名之也”
本文語言的突出特點是暢達(dá)自然與典雅凝練相得益彰。全文用暢達(dá)、自然的書面語寫成,文字精致凝練,極少冗詞贅語。同時,大量的四字短語,精練生動,簡潔整飭,余味無窮,使文章的語言典雅而有韻味。除此之外,本文的語言還有三個比較突出的具體特點。一是節(jié)奏感強(qiáng),張弛有度。如在表現(xiàn)河水滾滾而來、急墜而下、四溢奔流的場景時,作者多次使用“更鬧,更擠,更急”這樣短促急驟的句式,突出畫面的動態(tài);在描寫河底巨石的形態(tài)時,作者使用的句式就比較舒緩,表現(xiàn)出畫面的靜態(tài)。二是善用擬人,生動形象。本文在描寫河水時,大量使用擬人手法,借人寫水,非常生動形象。這樣的寫法,既能展現(xiàn)出水的形態(tài),也有利于表現(xiàn)水的情態(tài),還可以含蓄地體現(xiàn)出作者的心態(tài),可以把景物寫活。三是用詞精準(zhǔn),表現(xiàn)力強(qiáng)。本文在描寫河水時的用詞非常精準(zhǔn),表現(xiàn)力很強(qiáng)。如“它們還來不及想一下,便一齊跌了進(jìn)去,更鬧,更擠,更急”一句,“鬧”“擠”“急”用擬人手法,分別從聲音、橫向?qū)挾取⒖v向速度三方面描繪河水急墜的畫面,既全面,又準(zhǔn)確。
1、三年的汗水,終于有了回報。站在領(lǐng)獎臺上,她興奮得不能自己,淚水刷刷地流了下來。誤:不能自己 正:不能自已[bù néng zì yǐ] 2、燈光下面,人頭攢動。這條街上陳列的,其實大都是膺品,但還是熱鬧非凡。誤:膺品 正:贗品[yàn pǐn]3、待學(xué)生從農(nóng)村基地回來時,校舍已修茸一新,三幢大樓披上了節(jié)日的盛裝。誤:修茸 正:修葺[xiū qì] 4、埋伏在左側(cè)的三連,聽到?jīng)_鋒號響,尤如猛虎下山,直撲敵人陣地。誤:尤如猛虎下山 正:猶如猛虎下山[yóu rú] 5、粗制濫造,哄抬市價,這種竭澤而魚的做法,最后必然會讓自己受到懲罰。誤:竭澤而魚 正:竭澤而漁[jié zé ér yú] 6、自從鋼琴熱掀起后,鋼琴教師身價倍增,一批“三腳貓”也混跡其中,濫芋充數(shù)。誤:濫芋充數(shù) 正:濫竽充數(shù)[làn yú chōng shù] 7、陽光穿射而入,配著店堂排列得整整齊齊的書架,真是一個書香花香陽光普照的世外桃園。誤:世外桃園 正:世外桃源[shì wài táo yuán]8、在調(diào)查過程中,陳又將大批贓款轉(zhuǎn)移至岳父處,專案組找他談話時,他依舊裝得若無其事。誤:臟款 正:贓款[zāng kuǎn]
初讀古詩,整體感知?! ?.請同學(xué)們用自己喜歡的方式讀古詩《四時田園雜興》(其三十一)。要求借助拼音學(xué)會生字,把古詩讀正確,讀通順。 2.指名多個學(xué)生朗讀古詩,師生評議,糾正讀得不準(zhǔn)確的字音。尤其注意讀準(zhǔn)“晝、耘”的讀音。指導(dǎo)讀準(zhǔn)多音字“供”([ gōng ]作動詞時,準(zhǔn)備著東西給需要的人應(yīng)用:供應(yīng)、供給(jǐ)、供求、供需、供銷、提供、供不應(yīng)求。[ góng ]奉獻(xiàn):供養(yǎng)、供獻(xiàn)、供奉、供佛、供職;祭祀用的東西:供桌、供品、供果、上供;被審問時在法庭上述說事實:招供、口供、供狀、供認(rèn)、供詞。)在詩中讀四聲?! ?.把古詩反復(fù)多讀幾遍,通過查字典、問同學(xué)、問老師等方式,結(jié)合課文注釋,理解詩句中詞語的意思,用自己的話說說這首詩大體寫了什么。記下不理解的地方和不明白的問題?! ?.學(xué)生自愿舉手發(fā)言,其他同學(xué)進(jìn)行評議,也可以做補充發(fā)言。全班交流,教師相機(jī)引導(dǎo)并小結(jié)。
在入情入境中誦讀成韻 1.配樂范讀,想象畫面: (1)學(xué)生邊看插圖邊聽老師配樂朗讀,想象詩中所描繪的畫面?! 。?)學(xué)生自由交流想象中的畫面,老師激勵小結(jié)?! ☆A(yù)設(shè):山坡上的小草發(fā)芽了,嫩綠嫩綠的。黃鶯在空中飛來飛去。河堤旁的柳條發(fā)芽了,幾個下朋友放學(xué)回來,趁著東風(fēng),趕忙放起了風(fēng)箏…… 2.借助插圖,啟發(fā)想象:黃鶯一邊飛一邊干什么?(嘰嘰喳喳地叫)它好像在說什么? 再次啟發(fā)想象:春風(fēng)輕輕地吹來,柳條會怎樣呢?(輕輕擺動,好像在跳舞陶醉在了美麗的春色里……) 詩人高鼎看到這樣的景致寫下了這樣的詩句:出示“草長鶯飛二月天,拂堤楊柳醉春煙”。(學(xué)生齊讀) 讓我們想象著春天的美麗景色,有滋有味地誦讀。學(xué)生練讀、指名讀、引讀。 3.聯(lián)系生活,換位體驗,:在這樣美妙的春光里,沐浴著和煦的春風(fēng),(出示兒童放紙鳶圖片)孩子們放起風(fēng)箏,你們放過風(fēng)箏嗎?你放風(fēng)箏時是怎樣的心情?(學(xué)生自由發(fā)言)
《秋天的雨》是統(tǒng)編版教材三年級語文上冊第八單元的一篇精讀課文,課文講述了列寧、灰雀和一個孩子之間的故事。這個故事表達(dá)了列寧善解人意,對男孩的敬重、保護(hù)以及男孩的老實和天真。通過語言和行動來揭示人物的內(nèi)心世界,展現(xiàn)事件的開展進(jìn)程,是本篇課文在表達(dá)上的主要特點。在學(xué)習(xí)時,可以對話為重點,研讀課文,通過閱讀人物對話,揣摩體會人物不同的心情,感受列寧愛鳥更愛孩子的情感,懂得知錯就改是誠實的表現(xiàn),同時產(chǎn)生保護(hù)鳥類等動物的環(huán)保意識。 1.會認(rèn)“寧、胸”等10個生字,會寫“郊、養(yǎng)”等13個生字。2.分角色朗讀課文,讀出對話的語氣。3.帶著問題,邊默讀邊推敲人物的內(nèi)心想法,體會列寧對男孩的尊重和呵護(hù)、男孩的誠實與天真。4.體會列寧的善解人意、循循善誘和對兒童的愛護(hù),懂得做錯事情應(yīng)該改正的道理,同時教育學(xué)生要愛護(hù)動物。 1.教學(xué)重點:通過朗讀對話體會列寧、小男孩心理變化的過程。2.教學(xué)難點:能帶著問題,邊默讀邊揣摩人物內(nèi)心的想法。能體會列寧對男孩的尊重與呵護(hù)、男孩的誠實與天真。 2課時
巴金在十年浩劫中的大致經(jīng)歷:放棄包弟并沒有換得保全一家人,1968年8月,巴金被關(guān)進(jìn)牛棚改造,隨后經(jīng)受了大字報、掛牌游街等形式的批斗。1970年,到農(nóng)村改造,掏大糞、喂豬、背稻草、種地……1972年,妻子蕭珊在飽受精神折磨后患上癌癥,病逝。巴金的兒子在勞動改造的過程中也飽受精神和肉體上的折磨,性格變得內(nèi)向抑郁,疾病纏身。此時,巴金69歲。巴金曾在《病中》一文寫道:“當(dāng)姚文元拿著棒子的時候,我給關(guān)在牛棚里除了唯唯諾諾之外,敢于做過什么事情?十年間我不過是一條含著眼淚等人宰割的牛。”小結(jié):(幻燈片12)社會是病態(tài)的社會,政治是高壓的政治,人性是扭曲的人性。十年文革,十年浩劫,給多少人留下了累累不可彌合的精神創(chuàng)傷。即使一條小狗,也可能擺脫不了“文革”無情的迫害,比如包弟,比如藝術(shù)家鄰居的小狗。
四、講讀第一段(10分鐘)1.抽生朗讀本段,注意生字詞讀音。2.講析本段譯釋由學(xué)生完成,師只作扼要補糾和簡要分析。分析內(nèi)容包括伏筆手法和語句深意,全段作用。3.讓學(xué)生齊讀全段。4.處理練習(xí)一之中的第1小題,要求學(xué)生試譯回答,然后指導(dǎo)學(xué)生背誦本段。五、講讀第二段(15分鐘)1.抽生朗讀本段,注意生字詞讀音。2.講析本段①重點講析三個文言詞“若”、“之”、“辭”的用法和人物對話。②字詞句的理解仍然注意發(fā)揮學(xué)生的能動性,讓他們完成為主,師糾補為輔。對要求掌握的三個文言詞的用法要板書列于黑板上,對話部分要讓學(xué)生試作語氣練習(xí)。③小結(jié)的內(nèi)容包括情節(jié)的曲折性、寫法的詳略和表達(dá)的特點。3.生齊讀本段,然后處理相關(guān)練習(xí)。
這兩章是對戰(zhàn)爭場面的描寫。寫的是戰(zhàn)車、戰(zhàn)馬、象弭、魚服以及士兵的勞累奔波、饑渴難當(dāng),通過這些具體生動的細(xì)節(jié)描寫來展現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)爭生活的圖景。而沒有寫戰(zhàn)場上的刀光劍影、廝打拼殺,但戰(zhàn)爭的殘酷已可想見。4“昔我往矣,楊柳依依。今我來思,雨雪霏霏”被視為情景交融的佳句。清人王夫之在論《詩經(jīng)·小雅·采薇》這兩句時說:“以樂景寫哀,以哀景寫樂,一倍增其哀樂?!闭?wù)勀愕目捶āR灰酝糁撘r眼前之實,以出征之樂襯內(nèi)心之思親之悲痛;二“楊柳依依”與“雨雪霏霏”對比,突出不勝今昔之感;三大雪交加,饑渴難當(dāng),情境實悲,以哀景寫哀情。四、交流延伸1寫一首詩或一段文字表達(dá)你對“鄉(xiāng)愁”的新的體驗。在全班交流。2課后搜集更多的表現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)情的詩歌散文作品,將你最感動的一篇拿到班上與同學(xué)分享感受。
一、導(dǎo)入新課教養(yǎng),是表現(xiàn)在行為方式中的道德修養(yǎng)狀況,是社會影響、家庭教育、學(xué)校教育、個人修養(yǎng)的結(jié)果。中國是文明古國,禮儀之邦,關(guān)于“教養(yǎng)”,中國古時《三字經(jīng)》就提到了,指的是人從小就應(yīng)該習(xí)得的一種規(guī)矩,待人接物處事時的一種敬重態(tài)度。今天我們學(xué)習(xí)利哈喬夫的《論教養(yǎng)》,進(jìn)一步理解教養(yǎng)的核心內(nèi)涵以及學(xué)習(xí)如何做一個有教養(yǎng)的人?!窘虒W(xué)提示】設(shè)計學(xué)生感興趣的話題,引發(fā)學(xué)生的思考和關(guān)注,為學(xué)生更好地學(xué)習(xí)本文奠定基礎(chǔ)。二、教學(xué)新課目標(biāo)導(dǎo)學(xué)一:初讀課文,理清層次1.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生朗讀課文。朗讀指導(dǎo):抓住議論性的句子,把握作者的觀點,理解觀點和材料之間的關(guān)系。2.小組討論。給課文劃分層次,理清作者思路,理解議論文結(jié)構(gòu)的一般特點。明確:第一部分(1—2):開門見山,引入論題——良好的教養(yǎng)。第二部分(3—12):把有無教養(yǎng)的表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行對比,指出教養(yǎng)的思想核心是尊重他人。第三部分(13—17):剖析優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度,指出一切優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度的基礎(chǔ)其實是一種關(guān)照態(tài)度。
第7~10段,我們?nèi)〉昧顺醪降某删汀O葘懨珴蓶|主席的號召,激勵無數(shù)的航天人去實現(xiàn)千年夢想;接著寫我們的計劃,上天畢竟是一件天大的事情,不是誰一句話就能吹上去的,需要有周密的計劃,這計劃的第一步是研制火箭,成功了,而從毛主席發(fā)出號召開始到火箭成功發(fā)射才用了1年零9個月;又用了不到10年的時間中國的第一顆人造衛(wèi)星又上了天,“宣告中國進(jìn)入了航天時代”。由號召,到計劃,到成功,一步一步寫來,緊張的任務(wù),緊湊的文章,娓娓道來,條理清晰。第11~13段,人造衛(wèi)星上天了,下一步就是載人飛天,圓千年夢想。我們也做了大量的準(zhǔn)備工作,一是航天材料、食品等的準(zhǔn)備,一是航天員的準(zhǔn)備,已經(jīng)挑選了19位優(yōu)秀的飛行員,他們是航天員的預(yù)備軍??磥韺崿F(xiàn)中國人的航天夢已為時不遠(yuǎn)了??墒窃诳茖W(xué)上是沒有坦途的,由于多方面的原因,計劃擱淺了,我們的飛天夢想“只能塵封在一張張構(gòu)思草圖中”,這是多么遺憾的事?。?/p>
劉邦:先看劉邦對項伯的表白(此話也是有意讓項伯轉(zhuǎn)述給項羽聽的):“秋毫不敢有所近”——說“不敢”而不說“不曾”,多么恭順!“籍吏民,封府庫,而待將軍”——“待”,多么虔誠!“日夜望將軍至”——說“望”而不說“等”,多么迫切!再看劉邦的卑詞“謝罪”:他言必稱“將軍”,說自己與項羽“戮力而攻秦”,是戰(zhàn)友而非敵人;將“先入關(guān)破秦”說成是不自意,以表自己的力量不如項羽;把“得復(fù)見將軍于此”當(dāng)作是自己莫大的榮幸以滿足項羽的虛榮心;最后,他還把項羽的憤怒歸咎于“小人”的挑撥,為項羽推卸責(zé)任,及時給項羽一個臺階下。小結(jié):項羽:沽名釣譽、輕敵自大、寡謀輕信、不善用人、剛愎自用、優(yōu)柔寡斷的一介武夫。劉邦:狡詐多謀、遇事果斷、臨危不懼、能屈能伸、善于用人。