乾隆五十五年(公元1790年),在安徽一帶很有名氣的“三慶”徽戲班,來(lái)到北京演出?;諔蛟诒本┙?jīng)常和其他劇種同臺(tái)演出,注意吸收和借鑒他們的長(zhǎng)處。尤其是與以唱二黃調(diào)和西皮調(diào)為主的漢戲的合演,逐漸形成了二黃與西皮的合流,形成了“徽漢合流”的局面,后來(lái)徽劇又吸收其他民間曲調(diào)的唱腔、劇目和表演方式,逐漸形成以“皮黃”為主要聲腔的京劇。到1840年左右,京劇的唱腔、念白、劇本和表演已經(jīng)成熟,尤其是出現(xiàn)了以演“京戲”為主的一批演員,他們不再以徽戲、漢戲?yàn)槊?,而以演“京戲”自居。從此,誕生了一個(gè)獨(dú)立的劇種──京劇。2、京劇的發(fā)展早期的京劇以迷人的唱腔、豐富的劇目、精彩的表演和京腔京味吸引了觀(guān)眾,使京城出現(xiàn)了京劇熱。同治、光緒年間,京劇已經(jīng)被京城市民承認(rèn),成為人們最喜愛(ài)的舞臺(tái)藝術(shù)。并涌現(xiàn)出著名的“同光十三絕”。
思考:1)材料1、2反映了一個(gè)什么樣的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題?(饑餓和糧食問(wèn)題)2)材料3中,中國(guó)農(nóng)民為什么那樣說(shuō)?(鄧小平在全國(guó)實(shí)行的以家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制為主要形式的責(zé)任制調(diào)動(dòng)了農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)的積極性,解放了農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)力,推動(dòng)了農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展;袁隆平的雜交水稻提高了水稻產(chǎn)量,增加了農(nóng)民的收入,解決了農(nóng)民的吃飯問(wèn)題)3)據(jù)以上材料指出,袁隆平研究的交水稻有何重大意義?(雜交稻不僅解決了中國(guó)人的吃飯問(wèn)題;而且其在世界范圍的推廣,也有助于解決世界性的饑餓問(wèn)題)四、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)與生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展1、20世紀(jì)50年代,我國(guó)開(kāi)始了計(jì)算機(jī)的研制工作;2、1983年,我國(guó)成功研制出巨型計(jì)算機(jī)“銀河-Ⅰ號(hào)”,加速了國(guó)家信息化的發(fā)展;3、1965年,中國(guó)首次人工合成結(jié)晶牛胰島素(在世界上第一次用人工方法合成出具有生物活性的蛋白質(zhì)——結(jié)晶牛胰島素) 。4、積極參與人類(lèi)基因的研究(唯一的發(fā)展中國(guó)家)。
②顧炎武也激烈反對(duì)君主專(zhuān)制, 主張限制君權(quán),提出亡國(guó)與亡天下的區(qū)別,認(rèn)為,保衛(wèi)一家一姓的國(guó)家,是君主及其大臣的事,而保衛(wèi)天下是所有人的事,這段話(huà)后來(lái)被后人提煉為“天下興亡,匹 夫有責(zé)”,鼓勵(lì)人民關(guān)心國(guó)家大事。③王夫之認(rèn)為天下的土地不能被君主一人所有,而應(yīng)當(dāng)是從事農(nóng)業(yè)的老百姓都有份。2.經(jīng)濟(jì)上,重視手工業(yè)、商業(yè)的發(fā)展,強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)世致用。①黃宗羲駁斥輕視工商業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)思想,指出工商業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)一樣,都是“民生之本”,應(yīng)該受到保護(hù)。②顧炎武、王夫之主張文人多研究一些有關(guān)國(guó)計(jì)民生的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題,反對(duì)空談。3.思想上,批判繼承傳統(tǒng)儒學(xué),構(gòu)筑具有時(shí)代特色的新思想體系。①黃宗羲批判舊儒學(xué)的“君為臣綱”的思想,繼承先秦儒家的民本思想,提出 “天下為主,君為客”的新思想命題。
思考:洗衣機(jī)脫水時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速高時(shí)容易甩干衣物,還是轉(zhuǎn)速低時(shí)容易甩干衣物?(2) 制作棉花糖的原理內(nèi)筒與洗衣機(jī)的脫水筒相似,里面加入白砂糖,加熱使糖熔化成糖汁。內(nèi)筒高速旋轉(zhuǎn),黏稠的糖汁就做離心運(yùn)動(dòng),從內(nèi)筒壁的小孔飛散出去,成為絲狀到達(dá)溫度較低的外筒,并迅速冷卻凝固,變得纖細(xì)雪白,像一團(tuán)團(tuán)棉花。5.離心現(xiàn)象的防止在水平公路上行駛的汽車(chē),轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)所需的向心力是由車(chē)輪與路面的靜摩擦力提供的。如果轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)速度過(guò)大,所需向心力F大于最大靜摩擦力Fmax,汽車(chē)將做離心運(yùn)動(dòng)而造成交通事故。因此,在公路彎道處,車(chē)輛行駛不允許超過(guò)規(guī)定的速度。當(dāng)高速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的砂輪或者飛輪內(nèi)部分子間相互作用力不足以提供所需向心力時(shí),離心運(yùn)動(dòng)就會(huì)使他們破裂,甚至釀成事故。
四、速度和速率學(xué)生閱讀教材第18頁(yè)相應(yīng)部分的知識(shí)點(diǎn),讓學(xué)生總結(jié).生:速度既有大小,又有方向,是矢量,速度的大小叫速率,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生看教材第18頁(yè)圖1.3—2.觀(guān)察汽車(chē)的速度計(jì),討論后說(shuō)出你從表盤(pán)上獲取的有用信息。生:汽車(chē)的速率.指針指在相應(yīng)數(shù)字的瞬間,就表示汽車(chē)在那一瞬時(shí)的速率是那個(gè)值.生:還可以從表盤(pán)上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時(shí)指速度,也有時(shí)指速率,要看實(shí)際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學(xué)用不同的時(shí)間圍繞操場(chǎng)跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點(diǎn),他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢?學(xué)生討論,體驗(yàn)平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時(shí)間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學(xué)站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?
猜想:既然物體下落過(guò)程中的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況與物體質(zhì)量無(wú)關(guān),那么為什么在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,不同物體的落體運(yùn)動(dòng),下落快慢不同呢?我們能否猜想是由于空氣阻力的作用造成的呢?如果沒(méi)有空氣阻力將會(huì)怎樣呢?學(xué)生討論后回答.三、猜想與假說(shuō)伽利略認(rèn)為,自由落體是一種最簡(jiǎn)單的變速運(yùn)動(dòng).他設(shè)想,最簡(jiǎn)單的變速運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度應(yīng)該是均勻變化的.但是,速度的變化怎樣才算均勻呢?他考慮了兩種可能:一種是速度的變化對(duì)時(shí)間來(lái)說(shuō)是均勻的,即經(jīng)過(guò)相等的時(shí)間,速度的變化相等;另一種是速度的變化對(duì)位移來(lái)說(shuō)是均勻的,即經(jīng)過(guò)相等的位移,速度的變化相等.伽利略假設(shè)第一種方式最簡(jiǎn)單,并把這種運(yùn)動(dòng)叫做勻變速運(yùn)動(dòng).四、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證是檢驗(yàn)理論正確與否的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn).任何結(jié)論和猜想都必須經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,否則不成理論.猜想或假說(shuō)只有通過(guò)驗(yàn)證才會(huì)成為理論.所謂實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證就是任何人,在理論條件下去操作都能到得實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,它具有任意性,但不是無(wú)條件的,實(shí)驗(yàn)是在一定條件下的驗(yàn)證,而與實(shí)際有區(qū)別.
生:還可以從表盤(pán)上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時(shí)指速度,也有時(shí)指速率,要看實(shí)際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學(xué)用不同的時(shí)間圍繞操場(chǎng)跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點(diǎn),他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢?學(xué)生討論,體驗(yàn)平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時(shí)間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學(xué)站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?師:平均速度v=Δx/Δt,甲、乙的位移都為零,所以他們的平均速度也都等于零.在這里平均速度無(wú)法顯示他們運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的不同,要用到另一物理量:平均速率.平均速率等于物體運(yùn)動(dòng)通過(guò)的路程跟所用時(shí)間的比值.他們兩人通過(guò)的路程相同且都不為零,但所用時(shí)間不同.顯然用時(shí)短的運(yùn)動(dòng)得快,也就是平均速率大.生:這不是我們初中學(xué)過(guò)的速度嗎?
知識(shí)與技能1.知道地心說(shuō)和日心說(shuō)的基本內(nèi)容.2.知道所有行星繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌道都是橢圓,太陽(yáng)處在橢圓的一個(gè)焦點(diǎn)上.3.知道所有行星的軌道的半長(zhǎng)軸的三次方跟它的公轉(zhuǎn)周期的二次方的比值都相等,且這個(gè)比值與行星的質(zhì)量無(wú)關(guān),但與太陽(yáng)的質(zhì)量有關(guān).4.理解人們對(duì)行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程是漫長(zhǎng)復(fù)雜的,真理是來(lái)之不易的.過(guò)程與方法通過(guò)托勒密、哥白尼、第谷·布拉赫、開(kāi)普勒等幾位科學(xué)家對(duì)行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的不同認(rèn)識(shí),了解人類(lèi)認(rèn)識(shí)事物本質(zhì)的曲折性并加深對(duì)行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的理解.情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀(guān)1.澄清對(duì)天體運(yùn)動(dòng)裨秘、模糊的認(rèn)識(shí),掌握人類(lèi)認(rèn)識(shí)自然規(guī)律的科學(xué)方法.2.感悟科學(xué)是人類(lèi)進(jìn)步不竭的動(dòng)力.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)理解和掌握開(kāi)普勒行星運(yùn)動(dòng)定律,認(rèn)識(shí)行星的運(yùn)動(dòng).學(xué)好本節(jié)有利于對(duì)宇宙中行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí),掌握人類(lèi)認(rèn)識(shí)自然規(guī)律的科學(xué)方法,并有利于對(duì)人造衛(wèi)星的學(xué)習(xí).
1.通過(guò)對(duì)德國(guó)魯爾工業(yè)區(qū)、我國(guó)的遼中南工業(yè)區(qū)的案例分析和比較,讓學(xué)生理解傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)地域形成的主要區(qū)位條件和衰落的原因;2.結(jié)合魯爾工業(yè)區(qū)產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染等局面,理解工業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)對(duì)地理環(huán)境的影響,并探討綜合整治的措施;3.通過(guò)對(duì)意大利中部和東北部工業(yè)區(qū)、美國(guó)“硅谷”的案例分析和比較,讓學(xué)生理解新工業(yè)地域形成的主要區(qū)位條件和衰落的原因;4.結(jié)合新工業(yè)地域和地理環(huán)境的關(guān)系,加深學(xué)生對(duì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)對(duì)地理環(huán)境的影響的理解。【教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)及解決辦法】重點(diǎn):分析工業(yè)區(qū)位因素,舉例說(shuō)明工業(yè)地域的形成條件與發(fā)展特點(diǎn)難點(diǎn):結(jié)合實(shí)例說(shuō)明工業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)對(duì)地理環(huán)境的影響解決方法:比較歸納法 知識(shí)遷移應(yīng)用 案例分析法 自主學(xué)習(xí)與合作探究 【教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備】多媒體課件缺勤登記:
(1)請(qǐng)同學(xué)們結(jié)合日常生活實(shí)例和教材分析說(shuō)明人類(lèi)要在世界各地消除貧困并保持人口的合理容量任務(wù)的艱巨性?(2)采取何種措施才能更好的解決這一問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)?教師總結(jié)(1)現(xiàn)實(shí)中的人口問(wèn)題(如人口過(guò)快增長(zhǎng)、人口城市化和人口老齡化等)引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的資源問(wèn)題和環(huán)境問(wèn)題。①發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人均消耗資源量很大,索取資源和轉(zhuǎn)嫁有害生產(chǎn)的地域超出了本國(guó)的范圍。②發(fā)展中國(guó)家不僅人口數(shù)量多,人均消費(fèi)水平低,而且一些國(guó)家的人口仍在快速增長(zhǎng)。若在現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)上,把發(fā)展中國(guó)家人均生活質(zhì)量提高到與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相當(dāng)?shù)乃剑l(fā)的資源短缺和環(huán)境問(wèn)題將會(huì)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重,解決的難度也很大。(2)I就整個(gè)世界來(lái)說(shuō):①?lài)?guó)際社會(huì)要倡導(dǎo)各國(guó),尤其發(fā)展中國(guó)家要盡最大可能把人口控制在合理的規(guī)模之內(nèi);②建立公平的秩序,保證大多數(shù)人擁有不斷追求高水平生活質(zhì)量的平等權(quán)利。
(形容詞短語(yǔ)most beautiful的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語(yǔ)在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能讓你真正高興的人。(形容詞短語(yǔ)really happy的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語(yǔ)在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))[即學(xué)即練]畫(huà)出下例句中的形容詞短語(yǔ)并指明構(gòu)成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.構(gòu)成形式: 副詞+形容詞(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副詞短語(yǔ)(Adverb Phrases)副詞短語(yǔ):指以一個(gè)副詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),在句中的功能相當(dāng)于副詞,可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。常見(jiàn)副詞短語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成形式有:(副詞)+副詞如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在這里工作。(副詞短語(yǔ)here yesterday修飾動(dòng)詞did)②Bill did the work very well.比爾做的這份工作很好。副詞短語(yǔ)very well修飾動(dòng)詞did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副詞短語(yǔ)all entirely, 修飾形容詞短語(yǔ)responsible for)
II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “l(fā)ink verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.
教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生更好理解如何恰當(dāng)?shù)貙?xiě)一個(gè)人的信息介紹,并能讓學(xué)生熟練地使用一些寫(xiě)作技能。能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作能力和團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作能力。情感目標(biāo):提升學(xué)生對(duì)寫(xiě)作的興趣。教學(xué)重難點(diǎn) 教學(xué)重點(diǎn):如何能讓學(xué)生更好地理解個(gè)人信息介紹。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):如何能讓學(xué)生通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍?xiě)作技能來(lái)寫(xiě)一篇較好的個(gè)人信息介紹。教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 多媒體、黑板、粉筆一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
1. 標(biāo)題首先根據(jù)海報(bào)的特點(diǎn)、格式寫(xiě)明標(biāo)題。海報(bào)中往往把內(nèi)容作為大標(biāo)題。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海報(bào)其正文部分的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。對(duì)于介紹性的海報(bào), 首先要引出話(huà)題, 其次列出原因, 最后是總結(jié)。對(duì)于宣傳類(lèi)的海報(bào), 要寫(xiě)明具體內(nèi)容, 如: 活動(dòng)內(nèi)容, 地點(diǎn)以及參加活動(dòng)的注意事項(xiàng), 主持或舉辦單位等。1. 圖片: 要選擇引人注目的圖片, 與主題要相關(guān), 色彩明亮。話(huà)題句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我國(guó)的國(guó)寶。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上僅現(xiàn)存幾千只熊貓。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)的活動(dòng), 老虎處于瀕危的狀態(tài)。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生動(dòng)物面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施來(lái)保護(hù)它們。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人們應(yīng)該提高保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的意識(shí)。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃驚, 目前中國(guó)僅有不足1 000只江豚。
知識(shí)和技能 1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生繪制氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶分布示意圖,從中分析大氣運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律性,并培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生繪制原理形成示意圖的地理技能。2、運(yùn)用海陸熱力差異原理進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)訌?qiáng)學(xué) 生對(duì)半球冬夏季氣壓中心的形成和分布的理解解。3、使學(xué)生理解氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶對(duì)氣候的影響。過(guò)程與方法 1、通過(guò)三圈環(huán)流模擬演示,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的空間思維能力。2、通過(guò)對(duì)海陸分布對(duì)大氣環(huán)流影響的兩圖示的對(duì)比分析,讓學(xué)生讀圖思考?xì)鈮簬?、風(fēng)帶的分布規(guī)律和原因。3、利用成因分析法引導(dǎo)學(xué)生探究氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶對(duì)氣候的影響機(jī)制。情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀(guān)1、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生辯證唯物主義觀(guān)。2、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的能力。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1、氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶的分布。2、北半球氣壓中心冬夏分布及對(duì)氣候的影響。3、氣壓帶和風(fēng)帶對(duì)氣候的影響。
①?gòu)恼藛T組成看,南京政府是一個(gè)以資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命派為主體的政府。②從政府頒發(fā)的法令和措施看,這些法令體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主革命的要求,對(duì)于發(fā)展民族資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)、資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主政治和文化教育以及改革社會(huì)風(fēng)氣,都起了積極作用。③從頒布的《中華民國(guó)臨時(shí)約法》看,憲法體現(xiàn)了三權(quán)分立的政治體制,體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主主義的要求,是中國(guó)歷史上第一部資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主憲法,具有反封建專(zhuān)制制度的進(jìn)步意義。(2)從南京臨時(shí)政府的內(nèi)外政策分析南京政府的根本弱點(diǎn)①未徹底地反封建。它沒(méi)有采取比較徹底的反對(duì)封建主義的措施,特別是對(duì)封建統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ)——地主階級(jí)土地所有制沒(méi)有觸動(dòng),這樣,南京臨時(shí)政府也就不能真正地把廣大人民群眾動(dòng)員起來(lái),因而缺乏真正的群眾基礎(chǔ)。
【備課資料】百團(tuán)大戰(zhàn)八路軍從8月20日起,在華北敵后出動(dòng)105個(gè)團(tuán),約40萬(wàn)兵力,在2500公里長(zhǎng)的戰(zhàn)線(xiàn)上,發(fā)動(dòng)了規(guī)模最大的“以徹底破壞正太路若干要隘,消滅部分?jǐn)橙私財(cái)嘣摼€(xiàn)交通”為目的的舉世聞名的“百團(tuán)大戰(zhàn)”。八路軍提出“不留一根鐵軌、不留一根枕木、不留一個(gè)車(chē)站、不留一個(gè)碉堡、不留一座橋梁”的口號(hào),“讓敵人用腳同我們賽跑”,“讓敵人用牛驢搬炮彈、飛機(jī)大炮”。八路軍展開(kāi)攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn),端掉敵一系列據(jù)點(diǎn)。據(jù)有關(guān)資料記載,從8月20日到12月5日,在歷時(shí)三個(gè)半月的“百四大戰(zhàn)”中,我軍共進(jìn)行大小戰(zhàn)斗1824次,斃傷日偽軍25800余人,俘日偽軍18600余人,繳獲了大批武器、彈藥和軍用食品等;破壞鐵路470多公里,公路1500多公里,橋梁、車(chē)站、隧道等260余處,使正太鐵路停運(yùn)月余;攻克日偽據(jù)點(diǎn)2993個(gè),鞏固和擴(kuò)大了抗日軍民占領(lǐng)區(qū)。