(二)分析課文,理清思路第1、2段為第一部分,主要是敘事、寫景,先敘述集會的時間、地點,然后渲染出蘭亭優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境。在這里足以“游目騁懷”“極視聽之娛”,可以自由地觀察、思考,滿足人們目視耳聞的需求。這里正是與會“暢敘幽情”、盡興盡歡的絕好處所。這些描寫都富有詩情畫意,作者的情感是輕松愉快的。第3、4段為第二部分,主要是抒情、議論,作者由美景妙時引發(fā)出樂與憂、生與死的感慨。他認為人生的快樂是有極限的,待快樂得到滿足時,就會感覺興味索然。往事轉眼間便成為歷史,人到了生命的盡頭就會死亡。作者由“一死生為虛誕,齊彭殤為妄作”的認識,產生了一種珍惜時間、眷戀生活、熱愛文明的思考。雖然文中的壽夭、生死不能自由決定,從而有些傷感,但作者仍然認識到盛衰、生死是必然的。人生無常,時不我待,故著文留傳后世,以承襲前人,啟示來者。
[教學反思]人教版高中語文必修二第三單元安排了《蘭亭集序》《赤壁賦》《游褒禪山記》三篇古代山水游記散文,它們借游賞之事,探索生命的意義、治學的道理。師者,所以傳道、授業(yè)、解惑也。高中的教材選用的都是歷史經(jīng)典名篇,每一篇都閃爍著儒道釋等百家光輝的思想。編者要老師傳道的意圖很明顯。即非如此,看著這些影響歷代、影響世界的如日月之耀眼光華的偉大思想就躺在我們的教科書里,又如何能不講呢?所以,我將本課的教學重難點擬定為:幫助學生建立積極的生死觀,掌握多角度看問題的正確的思想方法。當然,也讓學生領會了融寫景、抒情、說理于一爐的大家手法。整堂課各教學環(huán)節(jié),環(huán)環(huán)相扣,過渡自然,讀、思、議、寫訓練到位,而且全部圍繞“生死觀”展開,如一篇形散神不散的散文。
請一位朗誦水平較好的學生,有感情的朗讀課文12自然段,其他同學完成一項任務:這一段可否去掉?為什么?學生思考、圈畫、交流、討論,然后小組發(fā)言,其他小組補充,教師從旁予以點撥,引導學生進一步明確作者的思想情感。明確:作者要創(chuàng)造一種文化氛圍,于自然氣息之外再添一重文化氣息,與“故都”題旨暗合。從行文章法上看,這里是宕開文筆,縱橫議論,顯出深厚的文化底蘊和開闊的思路。這一段采用議論,通過古今中外的引證,說明感秋處處有,中國文人最突出,而秋“深味”非在中國北方莫屬,這其實還是為了突出故都之秋。(設計意圖:提高學生探究的能力,充分把握本文的教學內容,深刻體悟作者的情感,了解作者對秋的禮贊情感,從而突破教學難點。)
學法指導:高一學生對文言文閱讀已具備了一些基礎知識和積累,但對如何學習文言文,還是一個新課題,因此教師應引導學生掌握學習方法,運用已有的知識框架同化新信息,建立新的智能,逐步走向獨立學習的境界。一、引導學生利用課文注釋,使用工具書自己翻譯,必要時教師進行點撥、解難,培養(yǎng)自學能力。二、告訴學生翻譯文言文要遵循的原則。三、調動學生思考、討論、交流的積極性,教師適時點撥,培養(yǎng)學生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題的能力。四、提示學生反復誦讀課文,體會文章所闡述的道理。五、鼓勵學生及時歸納學習文言文的方法,注意積累文言文知識。教學程序:教學本課可安排2課時。第一課時:1、導入新課:首先給學生介紹毛澤東的七絕詩《為李進同志題所攝廬山仙人洞照》:“暮色蒼??磩潘桑瑏y云飛渡仍從容。天生一個仙人洞,無限風光在險峰?!睂W生通過誦讀領會了“無限風光在險峰”一句的含義。隨后因勢利導,引出課題,指出今天我們要學習的王安石的《游褒禪山記》,就含有類似的深邃哲理。
生2:頷聯(lián)的意思是只聽到禁衛(wèi)軍中傳來夜間巡邏的梆子聲,不再向宮中那樣安逸地聽到有雞人打鳴報時的聲音了。生3:頸聯(lián)的意思是說事變發(fā)生那天軍隊發(fā)生嘩變停留不前,但當年唐玄宗以為自己可以和貴妃天天在一起,對天上的牽牛和織女一年一度的會見還加以嘲笑呢。生4:尾聯(lián)的含義是為什么唐玄宗當了四十五年的皇帝,還不如普通百姓夫妻恩愛,長相廝守。師:好的。請大家再齊讀一遍詩文,做到人人都能疏通詩的含義。學生再次齊讀。第三環(huán)節(jié):專項探究師:白居易曾說:“文章合為時而著,歌詩合為事而作?!边@首詩就是作者途經(jīng)馬嵬驛,詠馬嵬之變這一歷史事件而作,所以我們鑒賞的第三步,就是通過標題和詩文,弄清詩中的歷史事件。請同學們找出詩中哪些詩句描述了這一事件?
一、導入新課人類社會越來越現(xiàn)代化,新科學技術日新月異,令人目不暇接,稱之到了“知識爆炸”的時代也毫不為過。由此而來的是生活的快節(jié)奏,學習和工作的競爭也越來越激烈。這種競爭一直波及到了兒童,加之中國幾千年來形成的望子成龍的傳統(tǒng)觀念,使作父母的把一切希望都寄托在孩子身上,實現(xiàn)自己未能實現(xiàn)的理想。祖孫三代4、2、1的局面,使12只眼睛都盯在了孩子身上,真是走路怕摔著,吃飯怕噎著,干活怕累著,要星星不敢摘月亮,要吃什么跑遍全城也要買來。這種過分保護、溺愛及過早地灌輸知識會得到什么結果呢?樂觀者說孩子越來越聰明,越來越早熟,將來能更好適應現(xiàn)代化的要求;悲觀者則認為豆芽菜式的孩子將來經(jīng)不起風浪,小皇帝太多了很難凝聚成統(tǒng)一力量,將來誰去當兵,誰去干那些艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)性工作……。對孩子本身來說,是幸福還是……在此不想多發(fā)議論,還是讓我們來看看動物世界的孩子們吧,也許會得到某種啟迪。
我以以《登高》為例,引導學生進行意象分析,感悟意境美。古人云“立象以盡意”“古詩之妙,專求意象”意象是詩人情感的載體,是詩歌的靈魂。引導學生張開聯(lián)想和想象的翅膀去感受,去體驗是意象,詩歌鑒賞的關鍵??屏治榈抡f“真正藝術的作品,不是看見的,也不是聽到的,而是想象中的某種東西。”詩人通過想象創(chuàng)造出詩的形象,我們讀者通過想象豐富地再現(xiàn)詩人創(chuàng)造的形象。而感受體驗則是以全部身心投入作品,心靈與心靈相溝通,感情與感情相交流,對詩人的想象活動進行再經(jīng)歷和再體驗。因此,在引導意象解讀中,我先讓學生點擊這一個,就是通過抓修飾詞、依據(jù)感情基調、展開想象具體分析本詩中每個意象的情感意蘊和審美意蘊,使學生明白意象在每首詩中的獨特性。
說教材A.教材簡析《琵琶行(并序)》是人教版《普通高中課程標準實驗教科書語文》必修3第二單元的一篇講讀課文。本單元學習的是唐代詩歌,共七首詩?!杜眯校ú⑿颍肥翘拼F(xiàn)實主義詩人白居易寫的一首歌行體長篇敘事詩,是我國古代敘事詩和音樂詩中的“千古絕喝”。詩歌主題鮮明、人物形象生動,抒情真切細膩,具有深刻的思想內容和卓越的藝術技巧。B.教學目標《全日制普通高中高級中學語文教學大綱》明確要求我們:在閱讀教學過程中要引導學生“感受文學形象,品味文學作品的語言和藝術技巧,初步鑒賞文學作品”。而本單元的教學要求是培養(yǎng)學生詩歌鑒賞的能力。根據(jù)教學大綱和單元教學要求,結合本課特點,我制定本課的教學目標是:1.知識目標:了解文學常識;積累重點文言實詞;品味主旨句“同是天涯淪落人,相逢何必曾相識”的內涵;感知作者把音樂描寫與聽者、演奏者的感情融為一體的寫作特點。
(1)“問君西游何時還……使人聽此凋朱顏。”詩題下未注明送何人入蜀,所以這里的“問君”無妨假定實有其人,可以讀得親切一些。將行而問“何時還”,已有不可行之意,重音要落在“不可攀”三字上,當用勸說的語氣讀。以下四句借鳥聲渲染旅途中悲涼凄清的氛圍,讀時要放低聲調,有干里孤身之感,至“愁空山”徐徐而上。然后用感喟的語調讀主旨句,至“凋朱顏”略作一頓,以示意猶未盡。(2)“連峰去天不盈尺……胡為乎來哉!”仍是說不可行,但內容加深了一層,因為說的是蜀道的險惡。前四句不是純客觀的描寫,讀時須設想這是旅游者攀援于“連峰”“絕壁”之上置身于“飛湍瀑流”之間,要使聽者感到驚心動魄。讀后可作稍長停頓,再用“其險也如此”緩緩收住。末句是詩人借用蜀人的口氣,對歷險而來的游者深表嘆息——“胡為乎來哉”不是詢問,當用降調讀,暗含“何苦而來”之意。
(有的恒星旋轉平穩(wěn)均衡,有些恒星是因快速旋轉而變了形。作者以擬人的手法,生動形象地描述,仿佛向我們展示了不同恒星的性情:有的穩(wěn)重沉靜,有的急切躁動。讀來生動有趣,妙趣橫生。)(3)我們探索宇宙的時候,既要勇于懷疑,又要富于想象。想象經(jīng)常能夠把我們帶領到嶄新的世界,沒有想象,我們就處處碰壁。懷疑可以使我們擺脫幻想,還可以檢驗我們的推測。(對于未知領域的探索是需要懷疑和想象的,想象是科學的翅膀,敢于想象,并不斷地探索驗證,所謂“大膽假設,小心求證”懷疑否定舊知,產生新知。作者以簡潔的語言闡述了想象和懷疑看似矛盾的兩者在宇宙探索中的相輔相成,和諧統(tǒng)一。作者不囿于介紹宇宙知識,還發(fā)表自己的見解。)(4)我認為宇宙里很可能到處都充滿著生命,只是我們人類尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)而已。我們的探索才剛剛開始。
教材地位本課具有承上啟下的作用,前承文藝復興,后啟資產階級革命時代的到來,啟蒙運動為資本主義社會構建了一套政治藍圖,具有前瞻性,是近代第二次思想解放運動。因此,本節(jié)內容在整個教材中有著很重要的地位。教學目標1、知識目標:(1)幫助學生了解啟蒙運動的性質、內容和主要啟蒙 思想家及其主張。(2)理解啟蒙運動興起的背景、影響。2、能力目標:(1)在討論和探究過程中訓練學生的科學思維方法和自主學習的能力和掌握解題的方法。(2)通過指導學生閱讀啟蒙思想家的言論資料,培養(yǎng)學生對歷史資料的理解和歸納能力。3、情感價值目標:(1)培養(yǎng)人文意識,強化法治觀念。(2)培養(yǎng)學生的團結協(xié)作精神和競爭意識。教學重點、難點(1)教學重點:啟蒙思想家的主張及啟蒙運動的影響。
教師:不同的時代造就了不同風格和不同精神內容的詩詞,請同學們回顧必修一和必修二兩宋中央集權的加強和經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展狀況。學生:回憶回答。教師:請同學們結合時代背景和詞的特點理解詞為什么能夠成為宋代文學的主流形式和標志?學生:兩宋時經(jīng)濟重心轉移到了南方,商業(yè)發(fā)展打破了時間和空間的限制,城市繁榮,市民數(shù)量不斷增加。詞的句子長短不齊,便于抒發(fā)感情,并且能夠歌唱,更能適應市井生活的需要。于是,詞成為宋代文學的主流形式和標志。教師:宋代文人地位提高,宋詞就是一個個時代的畫卷:大宋的悲歡離合都寫在了里面。除了詞之外,宋代民間還興起了一種新的詩歌形式,即散曲。學生:回答散曲的發(fā)展階段及特點、元曲的含義、特點。教師:在中國古代詩歌輝煌發(fā)展的同時,也產生了供人們閑來無事消遣的小說。
一、說教材《開辟新航路》是高中《歷史·必修二》第5課的內容。從三個方面向學生介紹了歐洲人開辟新航路的歷史:即新航路開辟的原因和條件、新航路開辟經(jīng)過以及影響。前4課內容介紹了古代中國經(jīng)濟的基本結構與特點,從第5課開始學習資本主義世界市場的形成和發(fā)展。本課內容相當重要,上承古代中國,下啟近代世界。新航路的開辟,打破了世界相對隔絕的狀態(tài),世界真正開始融合為一個整體。從此,以西歐為中心的世界市場的雛形開始出現(xiàn)。隨后的殖民擴張,世界市場拓展;第一次工業(yè)革命,世界市場基本形成;第二次工業(yè)革命,世界市場發(fā)展。二、說目標1、課程標準概述迪亞士、哥倫布開辟新航路的史實,認識地理大發(fā)現(xiàn)對世界市場形成的意義。2、三維目標①知識與能力:掌握新航路開辟的原因、經(jīng)過、影響。②過程與方法:引導學生分析原因及影響,培養(yǎng)學生分析和歸納問題的能力。③情感態(tài)度與價值觀:A、通過對新航路開辟過程的學習,使學生感受和學習探險家們勇于進取的開拓精神。B、通過學習新航路開辟的影響,使學生認識新航路開辟促進了人類社會的整體發(fā)展。
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
1.說教材《記念劉和珍君》是魯迅先生用飽醮著熱淚,用悲憤的筆調寫下的一篇感人至深的散文,既有對愛國青年沉痛的悼念,又有對反動派憤怒的控訴,也有對覺醒的國民的吶喊?!队浤顒⒑驼渚肥歉咧姓Z文必修1第三單元第一課的講讀課文。文中描摹人物的音容笑貌,敘述人物的行為事跡,都融入了作者真摯的情感和深刻的感悟。對學生明辨是非,領悟時代精神和人生意義,有著重要的作用。新課標強調了要全面提升高中學生的語文素養(yǎng),初步形成正確的世界觀、人生觀、價值觀,并學會收集、判斷、處理信息,具有人文素養(yǎng)、創(chuàng)新精神與實踐能力。同時,《記念劉和珍君》感情真摯,感悟深刻,具有典型人文性。結合本單元教學目標,確立教學目標如下。
4、學習全詞:(1)背景介紹,讓學生看課文中的年代,然后讓學生回憶1925年的毛澤東的情況,老師適當提示,讓學生了解其背景。(出示幻燈片)(2)學生自由朗讀,結合注釋和背景理解詩詞。(3)師生共同理解全詞①先讓學生齊讀前三句,思考正確的語序,并用正常的語序解釋。②品味第三到第十句,這里是教學的一個重點,要讓學生先讀,再理解,在此基礎上訓練學生的想象能力。③分析上闕中的最后三句。④小結上闕。提出了一個問題“誰主沉浮”讓學生在文中找內容回答,然后轉入下闕內容的分析。⑤分析下闕內容,回答“誰主沉浮”的問題,突出本文主旨5、描繪詩詞形象:學生用自己的語言把上闕的內容生動地描繪出來。6、欣賞學生優(yōu)秀作品。(根據(jù)時間具體而定,也可以作為課后作業(yè))