Step 4. Group work (4)1. Ask a pair of students to read the dialogue. Say, This activity provides speaking, listening and writing practice using the target language.2. Ask students to complete the work in groups.3. Check the answers with the whole class. 4. Explain some of the language points. Step 5. Word review (Self check 1)1. Ask students to read the words and the phrases given. 2. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of these words to complete the sentences. 3. Check the answers with the whole class. Homework:Do activity 2 on page 57 after class. Period 6Teaching aims: 1. Teach vocabulary words and the useful expressions. 2. Enable the students to learn etiquette in different culture. 3. Help the students learn how to behave politely in public places and in daily life. Teaching procedures:Step 1. RevisionHelp students to review the function of making requests through a free talk. Then lead them to the topic of etiquette. Explain the meaning of etiquette. Or, ask students to look it up in the dictionary. Step 2. Pre-reading (Section 1)1. Ask students to read the picture and make a list with their partner about how many rules of etiquette can be seen being broken.
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1.能利用三角函數(shù)概念推導(dǎo)出特殊角的三角函數(shù)值.2.在探索特殊角的三角函數(shù)值的過程中體會數(shù)形結(jié)合思想.教學(xué)重點(diǎn):特殊角30°、60°、45°的三角函數(shù)值.教學(xué)難點(diǎn):靈活應(yīng)用特殊角的三角函數(shù)值進(jìn)行計(jì)算.☆ 預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)航 ☆一、鏈接:1.如圖,用小寫字母表示下列三角函數(shù):sinA = sinB =cosA = cosB =tanA = tanB =2. 中,如果∠A=30°,那么三邊長有什么特殊的數(shù)量關(guān)系?如果∠A=45°,那么三邊長有什么特殊的數(shù)量關(guān)系?二、導(dǎo)讀:仔細(xì)閱讀課本內(nèi)容后完成下面填空:
Ⅰ. Teaching Aims and Demands1. Knowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularyoversleep(2) Target LanguageWhat happened?I overslept. And by the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.2. Ability Objects(1) Teach the students to use the new words.(2) Train the students to narrate past events with the Past Perfect Tense.(3) Train the students' listening and speaking skills with the target language.3. Moral ObjectIt’s a good habit to go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning. So you’ll never be in a hurry in the morning.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularyoversleep2. Target LanguageNarrate past events with the Past Perfect TenseⅢ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Train the students to narrate past events with the Past Perfect Tense.2. Train the students to understand the target language in spoken conversation.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Thinking of examples from the students' real lives.2. Making sentences by looking at the pictures.Ⅴ. Teaching AidA tape recorderⅥ. Teaching ProceduresStep I Revision1. Revise the language points in Unit 8.Ask some questions like this: What volunteer work would you like to do?Help the students to answer, I’d like to…/I love to…/I hope to2. Practice the dialogue in Activity 3c on page 62 again. Get students to role play the similar dialogues with the following.
1. 教材分析本單元以how do things affect you?為話題, 從顏色、天氣、音樂、廣告、產(chǎn)品等方面談?wù)摿送饨缡挛锶绾斡绊懭说男那椤R髮W(xué)生掌握表達(dá)某物或某事給人帶來的感覺、看法或影響等。共設(shè)計(jì)了四個部分的內(nèi)容:Section A 該部分有4個模塊:第一模塊圍繞Which restaurant would you like to go to?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓(xùn)練;第二模塊圍繞How does music affect you? 進(jìn)行聽力(2a-2b)、口語訓(xùn)練(2c);第三模塊繼續(xù)圍繞how do colors in the restaurant affect you這一話題展開訓(xùn)練,訓(xùn)練形式為閱讀和問題體驗(yàn)(3a)和小組活動(3b);第四模塊仍就How do things affect you這一話題以調(diào)查的形式展開討論。Section B該部分有4個模塊:第一模塊圍繞產(chǎn)品廣告對人們的影響這一話題以“配對”(1a)與“列舉”(1b)兩種形式展開訓(xùn)練;第二模塊繼續(xù)圍繞How do things affect you? 進(jìn)行聽力(2a-2b)、口語對話訓(xùn)練(2c);第三模塊圍繞“Advertising”這一話題展開閱讀(3a-3b)和寫作(3c)訓(xùn)練;第四模塊圍繞How posters affect you這一話題以口語訓(xùn)練形式展開小組活動。
Step Ⅰ RevisionCheck homework. Ask a few students to read the article in 3a.Then ask a few students to read their guides.Step Ⅱ Part 1Look at the words in the box. Ask a student to read them. Make sure the students understand the meaning of the words. You are to fill in the blanks with the words. In some cases, students may need to use another form of the word, for example adjusting for tense or subject/ verb agreement.Ask students to fill in the blanks on their own.Check the answers. Step ⅢPart 2Go through the instructions with the class.Look at the example with the students.Ask students what the answer would be.Ask a student to read the question and answer it.Excuse me, could you tell me where the bank is, please?The bank is across the street from the shopping malt.Get students to complete the work in pairs.Check the answers. Ask a few students to read their questions.Step Ⅳ Just for Fun!Ask all the students to read the conversation. Ask: What is funny about this cartoon? Help students to explain. A Martian is a person from the planet Mars.There is no such thing as Martian food on Earth, and the clerk looks silly because he is trying to think of where there is a Martian restaurant.Invite some pairs of students to present this conversation to the rest of the class.Step Ⅴ Summary and HomeworkIn this class, we’ve done much writing practice using the key vocabulary words and the target language presented in this unit. After class, please finish the questions in 2 in your exercise books. Then finish the exercises on pages 47~48 of the workbook as well.The Seventh Period Ⅰ Teaching Aims and Demands1. Knowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularyimage, adventure, jealousy, hero, crime, journey, brave, no longer, show interest in, take it easy, become interested in, plain looks(2)Text:Grown-ups like cartoons, too.2. Ability Objects(1) Fast-reading to get a general idea of the text.(2) Careful-reading to get the detailed information in the text.
Talk about offering help (P60)I’ll help clean up the city parks.A: I’d like to work ...B: You could help ...Talk about ways to tell people about the Clean-Up Day (P61)We need to ...We can’t ...I’ll ...Talk about the work the volunteers do (P62)These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.Somebody loves to ... / helps ... / plans to ... / wants to ...A: What do you like doing?B: I like ... A: What kind of volunteer work do you think I could do?B: You could ...1. 重點(diǎn)詞匯advertisement, fix, repair, pleasure, blind, deaf, shut, carry, specially, fetch2. 認(rèn)讀詞匯hunger, homeless, cheer, clean-up, sign, establish, major, commitment, elementary, veterinarian, coach, similar, call-in, strategy, disabled, organization, unable, support, appreciate, donation, part of speech, pronoun, adverb, preposition, conjunction, donate, Jimmy, Sally3. 詞組clean up, cheer up, give out, put off, set up, think up, take after, fix up, give away, put up, hand out, work out, at once
本單元主要圍繞著有關(guān)瀕臨滅絕的動物這一話題,學(xué)習(xí)了應(yīng)該怎樣保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境,以及就某一問題展開辯論。目標(biāo)提示語言目標(biāo)能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識,就某一問題展開辯論。認(rèn)知目標(biāo)1、復(fù)習(xí)一些語法:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、一般現(xiàn)在時、用used to 表示一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。2、學(xué)會表達(dá)同意和不同意。3、學(xué)會以下基本句型:We’re trying to save the manatees.Manatees eat about 100 pounds of food a day.There used to be a lot of manatees.In 1972,it was discovered that they were endangered.Some of the swamps have become polluted.情感目標(biāo)了解一些瀕臨滅絕的動物的生活習(xí)性和瀕臨滅絕的原因,教育學(xué)生應(yīng)該如何保護(hù)環(huán)境。教學(xué)提示充分利用多媒體等教學(xué)設(shè)備,創(chuàng)設(shè)與本課話題相關(guān)的情境,如各種不同種類的動物、動物園以及有關(guān)環(huán)境的畫畫等等。圍繞著本單元的教學(xué)目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)一些貼近學(xué)生實(shí)際的教學(xué)任務(wù),如讓學(xué)生談?wù)撟约鹤钕矚g的動物,如何拯救瀕危動物,如何保護(hù)環(huán)境等等。讓學(xué)生根據(jù)所學(xué)知識,就動物園是否對動物有利以及其他的話題進(jìn)行辯論。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1.知道二次函數(shù)與一元二次方程的聯(lián)系,提高綜合解決問題的能力.2.會求拋物線與坐標(biāo)軸交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo),會結(jié)合函數(shù)圖象求方程的根.教學(xué)重點(diǎn):二次函數(shù)與一元二次方程的聯(lián)系.預(yù)設(shè)難點(diǎn):用二次函數(shù)與一元二次方程的關(guān)系綜合解題.☆ 預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)航 ☆一、鏈接:1.畫一次函數(shù)y=2x-3的圖象并回答下列問題(1)求直線y=2x-3與x軸的交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo); (2)解方程2x-3=0(3)說出直線y=2x-3與x軸交點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)和方程根的關(guān)系2.不解方程3x2-2x+4=0,此方程有 個根。二、導(dǎo)讀畫二次函數(shù)y= x2-5x+4的圖象1.觀察圖象,拋物線與x軸的交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)是什么?2.求一元二次方程x2-5x+4=0的解。3.拋物線與x軸交點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)與一元二次方程x2-5x+4=0的解有什么關(guān)系?(3)一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0是二次函數(shù)y=ax2+bx+c當(dāng)函數(shù)值y=0時的特殊情況.二次函數(shù)y=ax2+bx+c的圖象與x軸交點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)與一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0的根有什么關(guān)系?
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1. 掌握本單元一些重點(diǎn)詞匯的寫法和用法。2. 學(xué)會自如談?wù)摬妥蓝Y儀。Step 1 RevisionAsk some students to retell the customs at the table in France in the passage in 3a.Step 2 Self checkPart 1. Fill in each bland with the correct word given. Students do the exercises by themselves at first. Then check the answers. Ask the students to comprehend the sentences and help them point out uses of some words, like “arrive (at / in) sw., spend time / money on sth , spend time / money (in) doing sth.”Part 2. Read about Fan Ling’s experience in a western restaurant. Understand the passage. Point out some key points in the passage.1. be / get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事2. begin with = start with 以….開頭3. crowd v. 擠滿,塞滿 the crowd 人群 crowded adj. 擁擠的Then students discuss about how she would solve her problem. Ask some to share their stories with others.Part 3. Complete the crossword by looking at the sentences on the left. Then check the answers.
解析:根據(jù)AB∥CD,∠ACD=120°,得出∠CAB=60°.再根據(jù)尺規(guī)作圖得出AM是∠CAB的平分線,即可得出∠MAB的度數(shù).解:∵AB∥CD,∴∠ACD+∠CAB=180°.又∵∠ACD=120°,∴∠CAB=60°.由尺規(guī)作圖知AM是∠CAB的平分線,∴∠MAB=12∠CAB=30°.方法總結(jié):通過本題要掌握角平分線的作圖步驟,根據(jù)作圖明確AM是∠BAC的角平分線是解題的關(guān)鍵.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.角平分線的性質(zhì):角平分線上的點(diǎn)到這個角的兩邊的距離相等.2.角平分線的作法本節(jié)課由于采用了動手操作以及討論交流等教學(xué)方法,從而有效地增強(qiáng)了學(xué)生對角以及角平分線的性質(zhì)的感性認(rèn)識,提高了學(xué)生對新知識的理解與感悟,因而本節(jié)課的教學(xué)效果較好,學(xué)生對所學(xué)的新知識掌握較好,達(dá)到了教學(xué)的目的.不足之處是少數(shù)學(xué)生在性質(zhì)的運(yùn)用上還存在問題,需要在今后的教學(xué)與作業(yè)中進(jìn)一步的加強(qiáng)鞏固和訓(xùn)練
解:(ax2+bx+1)(3x-2)=3ax3-2ax2+3bx2-2bx+3x-2.∵積不含x2項(xiàng),也不含x項(xiàng),∴-2a+3b=0,-2b+3=0,解得b=32,a=94,∴系數(shù)a、b的值分別是94,32.方法總結(jié):解決此類問題首先要利用多項(xiàng)式乘法法則計(jì)算出展開式,合并同類項(xiàng)后,再根據(jù)不含某一項(xiàng),可得這一項(xiàng)系數(shù)等于零,再列出方程解答.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.多項(xiàng)式與多項(xiàng)式的乘法法則:多項(xiàng)式和多項(xiàng)式相乘,先用一個多項(xiàng)式的每一項(xiàng)與另一個多項(xiàng)式的每一項(xiàng)相乘,再把所得的積相加.2.多項(xiàng)式與多項(xiàng)式乘法的應(yīng)用本節(jié)知識的綜合性較強(qiáng),要求學(xué)生熟練掌握前面所學(xué)的單項(xiàng)式與單項(xiàng)式相乘及單項(xiàng)式與多項(xiàng)式相乘的知識,同時為了讓學(xué)生理解并掌握多項(xiàng)式與多項(xiàng)式相乘的法則,教學(xué)中一定要精講精練,讓學(xué)生從練習(xí)中再次體會法則的內(nèi)容,為以后的學(xué)習(xí)奠定基礎(chǔ)
光的速度約為3×108米/秒,一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星的速度是8×103米/秒,則光的速度是這顆人造地球衛(wèi)星速度的多少倍?解析:要求光速是人造地球衛(wèi)星的速度的倍數(shù),用光速除以人造地球衛(wèi)星的速度,可轉(zhuǎn)化為單項(xiàng)式相除問題.解:(3×108)÷(8×103)=(3÷8)·(108÷103)=3.75×104.答:光速是這顆人造地球衛(wèi)星速度的3.75×104倍.方法總結(jié):解整式除法的實(shí)際應(yīng)用題時,應(yīng)分清何為除式,何為被除式,然后應(yīng)當(dāng)單項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式法則計(jì)算.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.單項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式的運(yùn)算法則:單項(xiàng)式相除,把系數(shù)、同底數(shù)冪分別相除,作為商的因式;對于只在被除式里含有的字母,則連同它的指數(shù)作為商的一個因式.2.單項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式的應(yīng)用在教學(xué)過程中,通過生活中的情景導(dǎo)入,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)單項(xiàng)式乘以單項(xiàng)式的乘法運(yùn)算推導(dǎo)出其逆運(yùn)算的規(guī)律,在探究的過程中經(jīng)歷數(shù)學(xué)概念的生成過程,從而加深印象
解析:先求出長方形的面積,再求出綠化的面積,兩者相減即可求出剩下的面積.解:長方形的面積是xym2,綠化的面積是35x×34y=920xy(m2),則剩下的面積是xy-920xy=1120xy(m2).方法總結(jié):掌握長方形的面積公式和單項(xiàng)式乘單項(xiàng)式法則是解題的關(guān)鍵.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.單項(xiàng)式乘以單項(xiàng)式的運(yùn)算法則:單項(xiàng)式相乘,把系數(shù)、同底數(shù)冪分別相乘,作為積的因式;對于只在一個單項(xiàng)式里面含有的字母,則連同它的指數(shù)作為積的一個因式.2.單項(xiàng)式乘以單項(xiàng)式的應(yīng)用本課時的重點(diǎn)是讓學(xué)生理解單項(xiàng)式的乘法法則并能熟練應(yīng)用.要求學(xué)生在乘法的運(yùn)算律以及冪的運(yùn)算律的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行探究.教師在課堂上應(yīng)該處于引導(dǎo)位置,鼓勵學(xué)生“試一試”,學(xué)生通過動手操作,能夠更為直接的理解和應(yīng)用該知識點(diǎn)
方法總結(jié):在等腰三角形有關(guān)計(jì)算或證明中,會遇到一些添加輔助線的問題,其頂角平分線、底邊上的高、底邊上的中線是常見的輔助線.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.等腰三角形的性質(zhì):等腰三角形是軸對稱圖形;等腰三角形頂角的平分線、底邊上的中線、底邊上的高重合(也稱“三線合一”),它們所在的直線都是等腰三角形的對稱軸;等腰三角形的兩個底角相等.2.運(yùn)用等腰三角性質(zhì)解題的一般思想方法:方程思想、整體思想和轉(zhuǎn)化思想.本節(jié)課由于采用了直觀操作以及討論交流等教學(xué)方法,從而有效地增強(qiáng)了學(xué)生的感性認(rèn)識,提高了學(xué)生對新知識的理解與感悟,因而本節(jié)課的教學(xué)效果較好,學(xué)生對所學(xué)的新知識掌握較好,達(dá)到了教學(xué)的目的.不足之處是少數(shù)學(xué)生對等腰三角形的“三線合一”性質(zhì)理解不透徹,還需要在今后的教學(xué)和作業(yè)中進(jìn)一步鞏固和提高
一、情境導(dǎo)入1.計(jì)算:(1)-6x3y4z2÷(-23x2y2);(2)9mn÷(-6mn)2·(13n2);(3)6(a-b)3c5÷[-35(a-b)2c]·[-2(a-b)3c4].2.m(a+b+c)=am+bm+cm,(am+bm+cm)÷m=am÷m+bm÷m+cm÷m=a+b+c.你能根據(jù)多項(xiàng)式乘以單項(xiàng)式的運(yùn)算歸納出多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式的運(yùn)算法則嗎?二、合作探究探究點(diǎn):多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式【類型一】 直接利用多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式進(jìn)行計(jì)算計(jì)算:(72x3y4-36x2y3+9xy2)÷(-9xy2).解析:根據(jù)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式,先用多項(xiàng)式的每一項(xiàng)分別除以這個單項(xiàng)式,然后再把所得的商相加.解:原式=72x3y4÷(-9xy2)+(-36x2y3)÷(-9xy2)+9xy2÷(-9xy2)=-8x2y2+4xy-1.方法總結(jié):多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式,先把多項(xiàng)式的每一項(xiàng)都分別除以這個單項(xiàng)式,然后再把所得的商相加.
方法總結(jié):觀察表中的數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的變化規(guī)律,然后根據(jù)其增減趨勢寫出自變量與因變量之間的關(guān)系式.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.用關(guān)系式表示變量間關(guān)系2.表格和關(guān)系式的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系:表格能直接得到某些具體的對應(yīng)值,但不能直接反映變量的整體變化情況;用關(guān)系式表示變量之間的關(guān)系簡單明了,便于計(jì)算分析,能方便求出自變量為任意一個值時,相對應(yīng)的因變量的值,但是需計(jì)算.本節(jié)課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容是變量間關(guān)系的另一種表示方法,這種表示方法學(xué)生才接觸到,學(xué)生感覺有點(diǎn)難.這節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)是讓學(xué)生掌握用關(guān)系式與表格表示變量間的關(guān)系,難點(diǎn)是理解這兩種表示方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn).就此問題,通過讓學(xué)生對幾個例子比較、討論、總結(jié)、歸納兩種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)來解決,這樣學(xué)生就能很好地區(qū)分這兩種表示方法,并能對不同的問題選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?/p>
解析:由于多邊形(三邊以上的)不具有穩(wěn)定性,將其轉(zhuǎn)化為三角形后木架的形狀就不變了.根據(jù)具體多邊形轉(zhuǎn)化為三角形的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及題中所加木條可找到一般規(guī)律.解:過n邊形的一個頂點(diǎn)可以作(n-3)條對角線,把多邊形分成(n-2)個三角形,所以,要使一個n邊形木架不變形,至少需要(n-3)根木條固定.方法總結(jié):將多邊形轉(zhuǎn)化為三角形時,所需要的木條根數(shù),可從具體到一般去發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律,然后驗(yàn)證求解.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.邊邊邊:三邊對應(yīng)相等的兩個三角形全等,簡寫成“邊邊邊”或“SSS”.2.三角形的穩(wěn)定性本節(jié)課從操作探究活動入手,有效地激發(fā)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性和探究熱情,提高了課堂的教學(xué)效率,促進(jìn)了學(xué)生對新知識的理解和掌握.從課堂教學(xué)的情況來看,學(xué)生對“邊邊邊”掌握較好,達(dá)到了教學(xué)的預(yù)期目的.存在的問題是少數(shù)學(xué)生在輔助線的構(gòu)造上感到困難,不知道如何添加合理的輔助線,還需要在今后的教學(xué)中進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)鞏固和訓(xùn)練
AD=CD,∠ADE=∠CDG,DE=GD,∴△ADE≌△CDG(SAS),∴AE=CG;(2)設(shè)AE與DG相交于M,AE與CG相交于N.在△GMN和△DME中,由(1)得∠CGD=∠AED,又∵∠GMN=∠DME,∠DEM+∠DME=90°,∴∠CGD+∠GMN=90°,∴∠GNM=90°,∴AE⊥CG.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.邊角邊:兩邊及其夾角分別相等的兩個三角形全等,簡寫成“邊角邊”或“SAS”.兩邊和其中一邊的對角對應(yīng)相等的兩個三角形不一定全等.2.全等三角形判定與性質(zhì)的綜合運(yùn)用本節(jié)課從操作探究入手,具有較強(qiáng)的操作性和直觀性,有利于學(xué)生從直觀上積累感性認(rèn)識,從而有效地激發(fā)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性和探究熱情,提高了課堂的教學(xué)效率,促進(jìn)了學(xué)生對新知識的理解和掌握.從課堂教學(xué)的情況來看,學(xué)生對“邊角邊”掌握較好,但在探究三角形的大小、形狀時不會正確分類,需要在今后的教學(xué)和作業(yè)中進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)分類思想的鞏固和訓(xùn)練
1.理解并掌握三角形全等的判定方法——“角邊角”“角角邊”;(重點(diǎn))2.能運(yùn)用“角邊角”“角角邊”判定方法解決有關(guān)問題.(難點(diǎn)) 一、情境導(dǎo)入如圖所示,某同學(xué)把一塊三角形的玻璃不小心打碎成了三塊,現(xiàn)在要到玻璃店去配一塊完全一樣的玻璃,那么最省事的辦法是帶哪塊去?學(xué)生活動:學(xué)生先自主探究出答案,然后再與同學(xué)進(jìn)行交流.教師點(diǎn)撥:顯然僅僅帶①或②是無法配成完全一樣的玻璃的,而僅僅帶③則可以,為什么呢?本節(jié)課我們繼續(xù)研究三角形全等的判定方法.二、合作探究探究點(diǎn)一:全等三角形判定定理“ASA”如圖,AD∥BC,BE∥DF,AE=CF,試說明:△ADF≌△CBE.解析:根據(jù)平行線的性質(zhì)可得∠A=∠C,∠DFE=∠BEC,再根據(jù)等式的性質(zhì)可得AF=CE,然后利用“ASA”可得到△ADF≌△CBE.
【類型四】 含整數(shù)指數(shù)冪、零指數(shù)冪與絕對值的混合運(yùn)算計(jì)算:-22+(-12)-2+(2015-π)0-|2-π2|.解析:分別根據(jù)有理數(shù)的乘方、零指數(shù)冪、負(fù)整數(shù)指數(shù)冪及絕對值的性質(zhì)計(jì)算出各數(shù),再根據(jù)實(shí)數(shù)的運(yùn)算法則進(jìn)行計(jì)算.解:-22+(-12)-2+(2015-π)0-|2-π2|=-4+4+1-2+π2=π2-1.方法總結(jié):熟練掌握有理數(shù)的乘方、零指數(shù)冪、負(fù)整數(shù)指數(shù)冪及絕對值的性質(zhì)是解答此題的關(guān)鍵.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1.同底數(shù)冪的除法法則:同底數(shù)冪相除,底數(shù)不變,指數(shù)相減.2.零次冪:任何一個不等于零的數(shù)的零次冪都等于1.即a0=1(a≠0).3.負(fù)整數(shù)次冪:任何一個不等于零的數(shù)的-p(p是正整數(shù))次冪,等于這個數(shù)p次冪的倒數(shù).即a-p=1ap(a≠0,p是正整數(shù)).從計(jì)算具體問題中的同底數(shù)冪的除法,逐步歸納出同底數(shù)冪除法的一般性質(zhì).教學(xué)時要多舉幾個例子,讓學(xué)生從中總結(jié)出規(guī)律,體驗(yàn)自主探究的樂趣和數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的魅力,為以后的學(xué)習(xí)奠定基礎(chǔ)