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北師大初中數學九年級上冊正方形的性質1教案
在Rt△ABC中，AC＝AB2＋BC2＝12＋12＝2(cm)，∴FC＝AC－AF＝2－1(cm)，∴BE＝2－1(cm)．方法總結：正方形被對角線分成4個等腰直角三角形，因此在正方形中解決問題時常用到等腰三角形的性質與直角三角形的性質．【類型三】 利用正方形的性質證明線段相等如圖，已知過正方形ABCD的對角線BD上一點P，作PE⊥BC于點E，PF⊥CD于點F，求證：AP＝EF.解析：由PE⊥BC，PF⊥CD知四邊形PECF為矩形，故有EF＝PC，這時只需說明AP＝CP，由正方形對角線互相垂直平分可知AP＝CP.證明：連接AC，PC，如圖．∵四邊形ABCD為正方形，∴BD垂直平分AC，∴AP＝CP.∵PE⊥BC，PF⊥CD，∠BCD＝90°，∴四邊形PECF為矩形，∴PC＝EF，∴AP＝EF.方法總結：(1)在正方形中，常利用對角線互相垂直平分證明線段相等；(2)無論是正方形還是矩形，經常連接對角線，這樣可以使分散的條件集中．
北師大初中九年級數學下冊二次函數與一元二次方程2教案
教學目標：1.知道二次函數與一元二次方程的聯系，提高綜合解決問題的能力．2.會求拋物線與坐標軸交點坐標，會結合函數圖象求方程的根.教學重點：二次函數與一元二次方程的聯系．預設難點：用二次函數與一元二次方程的關系綜合解題．☆ 預習導航 ☆一、鏈接：1.畫一次函數y=2x-3的圖象并回答下列問題(1)求直線y=2x-3與x軸的交點坐標； (2)解方程2x-3=0(3)說出直線y=2x-3與x軸交點的橫坐標和方程根的關系2.不解方程3x2-2x+4=0，此方程有 個根。二、導讀畫二次函數y= x2-5x+4的圖象1．觀察圖象，拋物線與x軸的交點坐標是什么？2.求一元二次方程x2-5x+4=0的解。3.拋物線與x軸交點的橫坐標與一元二次方程x2-5x+4=0的解有什么關系？（3）一元二次方程ax2＋bx＋c=0是二次函數y＝ax2＋bx＋c當函數值y=0時的特殊情況.二次函數y＝ax2＋bx＋c的圖象與x軸交點的橫坐標與一元二次方程ax2＋bx＋c=0的根有什么關系？
人教版高中政治必修1科學發(fā)展觀和小康社會的經濟建設說課稿
一、對教材分析1、地位和作用課程標準對本課的基本要求是：闡明科學發(fā)展觀的涵義和說明全面建設小康社會的經濟目標，最根本的是以經濟建設為中心，不斷解放和發(fā)展社會生產力。這一課在新教材中有著重要地位，且對我們的經濟生活具有深遠的指導意義和教育意義。同時對學生樹立科學發(fā)展觀有著重要的導向作用，對學生樹立共同理想和遠大理想有著重大的影響作用。因此，本課書是新教材的教育目的和歸宿。2、教學目標（1）知識目標：了解總體小康水平的特征和全面建設小康社會的要求；理解科學發(fā)展觀的科學內涵；運用促進國民經濟又好又快發(fā)展的措施的基本要求。（2）能力目標 ：能準確把握科學發(fā)展觀科學內涵的理解能力；可以運用所學知識解決現實問題、參與經濟生活的能力。（3）情感、態(tài)度與價值觀目標：通過總體小康社會的建設增強民族自豪感；牢固樹立科學發(fā)展觀；增強節(jié)約意識；增強參與經濟生活的自覺性。
人教版高中政治必修4關于世界觀的學說說課稿（一）
3、課堂小結，強化認識。（2—3分鐘）通過總結本課的知識，簡單的用三個概念三個關系，簡明扼要的總結出本節(jié)課的知識，突出本框題的重難點。其中重點給學生梳理一下哲學的含義，使學生在學習的最后對于哲學有一個全面而準確的理解，強化學生對于哲學的認識。4、課堂練習針對高中學生初步接觸哲學，運用哲學思維來分析哲學問題的能力還需要今后的培養(yǎng)，我進行了分層的方式來設計習題，這樣設計一方面符合學生認知的能力，由簡單到困難，一步步的深入，另一方面，在練習的過程中，也可以使學生鞏固基礎知識，使學有余力的學生繼續(xù)提高，充分考慮到學生的實際情況。5、板書設計為了強化教學效果，我會在授課的過程中適時的書寫板書，我的板書設計總的來說是以簡潔明了的形式展示，便于學生一目了然的把握本節(jié)課的重難點，也可以建立知識間的聯系，便于學生形成完整的知識體系。
人教版高中政治必修4關于世界觀的學說說課稿（二）
一、教材分析1、本框題在教材中的地位。本框題教材所處的地位及聯系：《關于世界觀的學說》是人教版2004年12月第一版教材高二政治必修4第一單元第二框題，在這之前學生已經學習了生活處處有哲學的內容，了解了哲學與我們的生活息息相關，這為過度到本框題的學習起到了鋪墊的作用。本框題又是學生進入哲學的入門，因而它在生活與哲學中具有不容忽視的重要地位。學好本框題，為學生從總體上對哲學的理解，為以后學好哲學做了良好的鋪墊作用。本框題是進入哲學與生活不可缺少的部分，也學生的學習生活常常遇到的問題。2、教學目標：1. 知識目標：（1）哲學的含義；（2）哲學與世界觀的關系；（3）哲學與具體科學知識的關系。2. 能力目標：（1）通過對哲學與世界觀、方法論、具體知識三對關系的分析，培養(yǎng)辯證思維的能；（2）通過對身邊生活事例、哲理故事、哲學家觀點的體悟，培養(yǎng)分析問題的能力；
人教版高中政治必修3思想道德修養(yǎng)與科學文化修養(yǎng)說課稿
由此引導學生的深思，學生通過合作探究，幫助學生認識到不注重思想道德修養(yǎng)，即使掌握了豐富的科學知識，也難以避免人格上的缺失，甚至危害社會。進而總結出關系二：加強思想道德修養(yǎng)，能夠促進科學文化修養(yǎng)?？茖W文化修養(yǎng)的意義播放感動中國人物徐本禹先進事跡短片。學生觀看完視頻后，思考：從徐本禹的事跡中，我們可以了解到我們加強科學文化修養(yǎng)的根本意義是什么？引導學生結合自身體會，發(fā)表各自見解，在此基礎上幫助學生總結出，要使自己的思想道德境界不斷升華，為人民服務的本領不斷提高，成為一個真正有知識文化涵養(yǎng)的人，成為一個脫離低級趣味的人、有益于人民的人。知識點三：追求更高的思想道德目標根據教材110探究活動（思想道德的差異、反應人們世界觀、人生觀、價值觀的差異）思考：用公民的基本道德規(guī)范來衡量這些觀點，你贊成哪些觀點？反對哪些觀點？小組進行合作探究，引導學生根據公民基本道德規(guī)范對這些價值觀進行評析。
人教版高中政治必修3思想道德修養(yǎng)與科學文化修養(yǎng)說課稿3篇
（3）改造主觀世界同改造客觀世界的關系。改造客觀世界同改造主觀世界，是相互聯系、相互作用的。改造主觀世界是為了更好地改造客觀世界，人們在改造客觀世界的同時也改造著自己的主觀世界。通過自覺改造主觀世界，又能提高改造客觀世界的能力。師：人們對自己的思想道德境界的追求，是永遠止境的。讓我們共同努力，在踐行社會主義思想道德的過程中，不斷追求更高的目標，像無數先輩那樣，加入到為共產主義遠大理想而奮斗的行列中吧！課堂小結通過本節(jié)課學習使我們認識到面對現實生活中的思想道德沖突，加強知識文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng)，不斷追求更高的思想道德目標的必要性；把握了知識文化修養(yǎng)與思想道德修養(yǎng)的含義及其相互關系；明確了我們應該和怎樣追求更高的思想道德目標；認識到這是一個永無止境的過程。我們要腳踏實地，從現在做起、從點滴小事做起，不斷提高知識文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng)，追求更高的思想道德目標。
人教版高中政治必修4哲學史上的偉大變革說課稿（一）
2、講授新課：（35分鐘）通過教材第一目的講解，讓學生明白，生活和學習中有許多蘊涵哲學道理的故事，表明哲學并不神秘總結并過渡：生活也離不開哲學，哲學可以是我正確看待自然、人生、和社會的發(fā)展，從而指導人們正確的認識和改造世界。整個過程將伴隨著多媒體影像資料和生生對話討論以提高學生的積極性。3、課堂反饋，知識遷移。最后對本科課進行小結，鞏固重點難點，將本課的哲學知識遷移到與生活相關的例子，實現對知識的升華以及學生的再次創(chuàng)新；可使學生更深刻地理解重點和難點，為下一框學習做好準備。4、板書設計我采用直觀板書的方法，對本課的知識網絡在多媒體上進行展示。盡可能的簡潔，清晰。使學生對知識框架一目了然，幫助學生構建本課的知識結構。5、布置作業(yè)我會留適當的自測題及教學案例讓同學們做課后練習和思考，檢驗學生對本課重點的掌握以及對難點的理解。并及時反饋。對學生在理解中仍有困難的知識點，我會在以后的教學中予以疏導。
人教版高中政治必修4哲學的基本問題說課稿（一）
五．說教學過程：（重點）1.課題引入：課堂探究導入新課。采用教材現成的探究活動導入新課，既“溫故”又“知新”，還節(jié)約了課堂有效時間。2.講授新課：（20-25分鐘）本課的重難點是關于哲學基本問題的解釋，我引用一個很著名的學生也略知一二的唯心主義觀點的例子（課堂探究1）順利進入本課重要知識點的學習，采用案例教學，激發(fā)學生的興趣以及探究問題的欲望，學習哲學基本問題的第一個方面，并用問題和練習形式鞏固知識，強化學生易錯已混知識點；課堂探究2，同樣引用哲學上的著名案例讓學生分析探究思考以及合作交流，學生趣味濃厚，主動深入學習本課知識，達到預期教學目的。此時，本課的重點知識教學完成。關于本課的第二個知識點“為什么思維和存在的關系問題是哲學的基本問題”采用學生自主閱讀、合作交流的方法，歸納總結，完成本知識目標。3.課堂反饋、知識遷移（10-15分鐘）采用學生總結、隨堂練習等形式鞏固本課知識，同時檢驗教學效果。可使學生更深刻的理解教學重點。
人教版高中政治必修4哲學的基本問題說課稿（二）
②關于哲學的第二個問題是——思維和存在有沒有同一性解釋同一性——就是說意識（思維）能否正確認識物質（存在）的問題。（讓學生表達他們自己的意見）總結得出三種看法——認為意識（思維）可以正確認識物質（存在）的，屬于可知論者；凡是認為意識（思維）不能正確認識物質（存在），屬于不可知論者。當然也有些同學是兩者觀點都有，這種同學我們把他稱為不徹底的不可知論者。2、為什么思維和存在的關系問題是哲學的基本問題（1）它是人們在生活和實踐活動中首先遇到和無法回避的基本問題（舉例說明問題，吃飯的時候吃什么菜，學習計劃與學習的實際等等）結合教材P10探究進行講解舉例：11月31日請全班同學吃雪糕，吃完后再去肯德基大吃一頓，之后再到卡拉OK唱通宵——不切實際，因為11月并沒有31日。（2）它是一切哲學都不能回避、必須回答的問題（不同的回答，直接決定著哲學的不同發(fā)展方向。）
人教版高中政治必修3思想道德修養(yǎng)和科學文化修養(yǎng)精品教案
一、教材分析《思想道德修養(yǎng)和科學文化修 養(yǎng)》是人教版高中政治必修一《文化生活》第十課第二框題的教學內容。主要學評析文化修養(yǎng)與思想道德修養(yǎng)的關系，說明青少年應該不斷地追求更高的思想道德目標。二、教學目標1、知識目標識記：思想道德修養(yǎng)和科學文化修養(yǎng)的含義。理解：思想道德修養(yǎng)和科學文化修養(yǎng)的內在聯系。分析：當代中國青年如何追求更高的思想道德目標。2、能力目標通過對“兩個修養(yǎng)”的學習，提高學生比較分析問題的能力。3、情感、態(tài)度、價值觀目標：通過本課的學習，增強當代中學生自覺提高自身全面素質的能力，不斷地追求更高的思想道德目標。三、教學重難點教學重點：理解思想道德修養(yǎng)和科學文化修養(yǎng)的內在聯系。教學難點：歸納如何追求更高的思想道德目標。四、學情分析通過上一框題的學習，學生從宏觀上把握了國家加強思想道德建設的相關內容，，本課將從微觀上即從個人的角度重點學習不斷提高思想道德修養(yǎng)和科學文化修養(yǎng)的原因及具體要求。本課內容離學生的距離較近，是學 生比較感興趣的。
人教版高中政治必修4關于世界觀的學說精品教案
一、教材分析《關于世界觀的學說》是人教版高中政治必修四第1章第2框的教學內容，主要學習什么是哲學。二、教學目標1．知識目標：（1）哲學的含義；（2）世界觀和方法論的含義；（3）哲學與世界觀的關系；（4）哲學與方法論的關系；（5）哲學與具體科學知識的關系。2．能力目標：（1）通過世界觀知識的學習，提高學生的思維層次，鍛煉學生的思維能力；（2）通過對哲學與世界觀、方法論、具體知識三對關系的分析，培養(yǎng)辯證思維的能；（3）通過對身邊生活事例、哲理故事、哲學家觀點的體悟，培養(yǎng)分析問題的能力；3．情感、態(tài)度和價值觀目標：（1）通過世界觀與方法論關系的學習，讓學生體會到樹立科學世界觀的重要性；（2）通過哲學與具體科學知識關系的學習，懂得哲學的指導意義，從而使學生熱愛哲學，喜歡哲學，自覺樹立科學的世界觀。
人教版高中政治必修4哲學的基本問題精品教案
一、教材分析本框題包括什么是哲學的基本問題、為什么思維和存在的關系問題是哲學的基本問題兩個目題。第一個問題：什么是哲學的基本問題。其邏輯順序是：什么是哲學的基本問題→哲學的基本問題所包含的兩方面的內容→對哲學的基本問題第一方面內容的不同回答是劃分唯物主義和唯心主義的標準→對哲學的基本問題第二方面內容的不同回答是劃分可知論和不可知論的標準。第二個問題：為什么思維和存在的關系問題是哲學的基本問題。其 邏輯順序是：思維和存在的關系問題是人們在現實生活和實踐活動中遇到的和無法回避的基本問題→思維和存在的關系問題，是一切哲學都不能回避的、必須回答的問題→思維和存在的關系問題，貫穿于哲學發(fā)展的始終，對這個問題的不同回答決定著各種哲學的基本性質和方向，決定著對其它哲學問題的回答。 二、教學目標（一）知識目標（1）識記哲學的基本問題（2）解釋哲學的基本問題
人教版高中政治必修4哲學史上的偉大變革精品教案
一、教材分析《哲學史上的偉大變革》是人教版高中政治必修四第3課第2框的教學內容。二、教學目標1．知識目標：馬克思主義哲學產生的階級基礎、自然科學基礎和理論來源馬克思主義哲學的基本特征馬克思主義中國化的重大理論成果2．能力目標：通過對馬克思主義哲學的產生和基本特征的學習，培養(yǎng)學生鑒別理論是非的能力，進而運用馬克思主義哲學的基本觀點分析和解決生活實踐中的問題。3．情感、態(tài)度和價值觀目標：實踐的觀點是馬克思主義哲學的首要和基本的觀點，培養(yǎng)學生在實踐中分析問題和解決問題的能力，進而培養(yǎng)學生在實踐活動中的科學探索精神和革命批判精神。三、教學重點難點重點：馬克思主義哲學的基本特征；馬克思主義中國化的重大理論成果
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations-Discovering Useful Structure教學設計
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案：1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語，它通常位于系動詞后面，用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案：1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教學設計
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教學設計
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for writing教學設計二
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for Writing教學設計一
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Discovering Useful Structure教學設計
1. 表示時間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意：非謂語動詞作狀語時, 如所提供的動詞不能和句子中的主語保持一致, 動詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語, 通常由名詞或代詞來擔任, 這就是獨立主格結構。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.