1. 課前觀看視頻《物理學(xué)與人類文明》2. 分組討論,派代表發(fā)言,談學(xué)習(xí)感受。主要是物理的地位,物理的學(xué)習(xí)方法。3. 高中物理與初中物理在內(nèi)容和方法上的區(qū)別高中物理除了現(xiàn)象、概念和規(guī)律之外還應(yīng)該關(guān)注研究問(wèn)題的方法,學(xué)會(huì)從先想到抽象,從定性到定量研究問(wèn)題,學(xué)會(huì)用數(shù)學(xué)方法解決物理問(wèn)題,學(xué)會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)探究,學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立分析問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題的思維習(xí)慣。4. 高中物理學(xué)習(xí)的基本要求高中物理學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該“重視實(shí)驗(yàn),勤于思考”和“經(jīng)歷過(guò)程,體驗(yàn)方法”。高中物理學(xué)習(xí)與初中物理學(xué)習(xí)雖然有一定區(qū)別,但也不是孤立的,要繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持初中物理學(xué)習(xí)中積累的學(xué)習(xí)方法和體會(huì),重視從正反兩個(gè)方面加以總結(jié)和提煉,做到:(1) 認(rèn)真閱讀,學(xué)會(huì)自學(xué)要學(xué)好物理,就要認(rèn)真閱讀課本。閱讀課本是要抓住關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),弄清語(yǔ)句間的邏輯順序和因果關(guān)系,領(lǐng)會(huì)文章段落所表達(dá)的物理內(nèi)容,掌握課本敘述物理問(wèn)題的表達(dá)方法。
八、物理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)地位及物理學(xué)對(duì)人類文明、社會(huì)進(jìn)步的影響。(1) 情景一:磁懸浮實(shí)驗(yàn):找兩個(gè)空心的圓柱片磁鐵,同名磁極相對(duì),穿在同一根竹筷上,用手壓下上面的磁鐵,松手觀察它的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況。問(wèn)題1:上面的磁鐵為什么會(huì)跳起來(lái),為什么會(huì)懸浮在下面的磁鐵上方?問(wèn)題2:根據(jù)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),你會(huì)想到那一種交通工具?總結(jié):人們就是從磁懸浮現(xiàn)象中得到啟發(fā),進(jìn)行磁懸浮列車的研究和制造的,這說(shuō)明物理學(xué)在推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步、人類文明方面起到推動(dòng)作用。(2) 情景二:感應(yīng)起電和火花放電實(shí)驗(yàn):用感應(yīng)起電機(jī)或感應(yīng)圈產(chǎn)生火花放電,讓學(xué)生觀察現(xiàn)象,聞氣味,然后聯(lián)想生活實(shí)例。還可以用一張紙?jiān)囍鴵踝》烹姷幕」?,最好能引燃紙張,說(shuō)明雷擊引起火災(zāi)的現(xiàn)象。問(wèn)題1:你看、聽(tīng)到了什么現(xiàn)象?問(wèn)題2:根據(jù)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),你會(huì)想到那一種自然現(xiàn)象?問(wèn)題3:放電發(fā)生在什么地方?為什么建筑物上方都有尖尖的設(shè)置,是干什么用的?問(wèn)題4:你聞到什么氣味了嗎?
反思感悟用基底表示空間向量的解題策略1.空間中,任一向量都可以用一個(gè)基底表示,且只要基底確定,則表示形式是唯一的.2.用基底表示空間向量時(shí),一般要結(jié)合圖形,運(yùn)用向量加法、減法的平行四邊形法則、三角形法則,以及數(shù)乘向量的運(yùn)算法則,逐步向基向量過(guò)渡,直至全部用基向量表示.3.在空間幾何體中選擇基底時(shí),通常選取公共起點(diǎn)最集中的向量或關(guān)系最明確的向量作為基底,例如,在正方體、長(zhǎng)方體、平行六面體、四面體中,一般選用從同一頂點(diǎn)出發(fā)的三條棱所對(duì)應(yīng)的向量作為基底.例2.在棱長(zhǎng)為2的正方體ABCD-A1B1C1D1中,E,F分別是DD1,BD的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)G在棱CD上,且CG=1/3 CD(1)證明:EF⊥B1C;(2)求EF與C1G所成角的余弦值.思路分析選擇一個(gè)空間基底,將(EF) ?,(B_1 C) ?,(C_1 G) ?用基向量表示.(1)證明(EF) ?·(B_1 C) ?=0即可;(2)求(EF) ?與(C_1 G) ?夾角的余弦值即可.(1)證明:設(shè)(DA) ?=i,(DC) ?=j,(DD_1 ) ?=k,則{i,j,k}構(gòu)成空間的一個(gè)正交基底.
(2)l的傾斜角為90°,即l平行于y軸,所以m+1=2m,得m=1.延伸探究1 本例條件不變,試求直線l的傾斜角為銳角時(shí)實(shí)數(shù)m的取值范圍.解:由題意知(m"-" 1"-" 1)/(m+1"-" 2m)>0,解得1<m<2.延伸探究2 若將本例中的“N(2m,1)”改為“N(3m,2m)”,其他條件不變,結(jié)果如何?解:(1)由題意知(m"-" 1"-" 2m)/(m+1"-" 3m)=1,解得m=2.(2)由題意知m+1=3m,解得m=1/2.直線斜率的計(jì)算方法(1)判斷兩點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)是否相等,若相等,則直線的斜率不存在.(2)若兩點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)不相等,則可以用斜率公式k=(y_2 "-" y_1)/(x_2 "-" x_1 )(其中x1≠x2)進(jìn)行計(jì)算.金題典例 光線從點(diǎn)A(2,1)射到y(tǒng)軸上的點(diǎn)Q,經(jīng)y軸反射后過(guò)點(diǎn)B(4,3),試求點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)及入射光線的斜率.解:(方法1)設(shè)Q(0,y),則由題意得kQA=-kQB.∵kQA=(1"-" y)/2,kQB=(3"-" y)/4,∴(1"-" y)/2=-(3"-" y)/4.解得y=5/3,即點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)為 0,5/3 ,∴k入=kQA=(1"-" y)/2=-1/3.(方法2)設(shè)Q(0,y),如圖,點(diǎn)B(4,3)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為B'(-4,3), kAB'=(1"-" 3)/(2+4)=-1/3,由題意得,A、Q、B'三點(diǎn)共線.從而入射光線的斜率為kAQ=kAB'=-1/3.所以,有(1"-" y)/2=(1"-" 3)/(2+4),解得y=5/3,點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)為(0,5/3).
A.人創(chuàng)造了文化,文化創(chuàng)B.人創(chuàng)造了文化,文化也塑造著人,不斷豐富著人的精神世界C.文化具有潛移默化的作用D.世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀是人們文化素養(yǎng)的核心和標(biāo)志2、在我國(guó)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的過(guò)程中,我們要把民族精神教育納入國(guó)民教育全過(guò)程,納入精神文明建設(shè)全過(guò)程,使全體人民始終保持昂揚(yáng)向上的精神狀態(tài)。這是由于()A.文化能夠豐富人的精神世界B.文化能夠增強(qiáng)人的精神力量C.文化能夠促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展D.人的思想意識(shí)對(duì)事物發(fā)展起決定作用3、我國(guó)已進(jìn)入全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì),加快推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化的新的發(fā)展階段,人們的溫飽問(wèn)題基本解決,健康有了基本保障。隨著物質(zhì)生活需要逐步得到滿足,人們更加注重精神生活需要的滿足,對(duì)文化活動(dòng)表現(xiàn)出日漸濃厚的興趣,文化消費(fèi)在生活消費(fèi)中的比重越來(lái)越大。這段話主要說(shuō)明的是,新時(shí)期:
(二)“奧運(yùn)福娃”探究1、“五福娃”體現(xiàn)了哪些精神?體現(xiàn)了“科技奧運(yùn)、人文奧運(yùn)和綠色奧運(yùn)”的奧運(yùn)精神也體現(xiàn)了“團(tuán)結(jié)、奮進(jìn)、愛(ài)好和平”的民族精神。2、“龍”是中華民族的圖騰,我們自稱是龍的傳人,但北京奧運(yùn)吉祥物里為什么沒(méi)有“龍”?“龍”(dragon)在我國(guó)是美好的意思,例如龍鳳呈祥,但在西方是魔鬼,很恐怖。北京奧運(yùn)不僅是中國(guó)的奧運(yùn),更是世界的奧運(yùn),因此,福娃的原形中沒(méi)有龍,這就是文化選擇的結(jié)果。(三)感受先進(jìn)文化1、交流自己最喜愛(ài)的文化。2、觀看《千手觀音》,談?dòng)^后感。(四)陽(yáng)光下有陰影1、小品《電腦算命》2、課堂辯論正方:“燒香敬神”是封建迷信活動(dòng),不可取反方:“燒香敬神”是精神信仰活動(dòng),可取3、提高眼力,拒絕污染了解現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的落后文化、腐朽文化,自覺(jué)抵制社會(huì)中落后文化、腐朽文化的毒害。
一、教材分析教材使用人教版第三冊(cè)第四單元第八課《走進(jìn)文化生活》第二框“在文化生活中選擇”的內(nèi)容。本框?qū)W習(xí)的主要內(nèi)容是如何看待多樣化的精神需求和文化消費(fèi);面對(duì) 紛繁復(fù)雜的文化現(xiàn)象,提高明辨是非的能力,選擇健康有益的文化活動(dòng);認(rèn)識(shí)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義文化建設(shè)的重要性。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(一)知識(shí)目標(biāo)1、識(shí)記落后文化、腐朽文化的涵義;2、理解文化多樣性與倡導(dǎo)主旋律的關(guān)系;辨識(shí)各種文化現(xiàn)象,3、正確進(jìn)行文化選擇認(rèn)識(shí)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義文化建設(shè)的重要性。(二)能力目標(biāo)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生感受體驗(yàn)觀察的能力、搜集處理社會(huì)信息的能力、獨(dú)立思考的能力、合作學(xué)習(xí)、溝通的能力、語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。(三)情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)通過(guò)對(duì)本課的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生堅(jiān)信只有健康向上的文化,才能對(duì)我們的成長(zhǎng)起到積極的作用,認(rèn)識(shí)到落后文化和腐朽的文化的危害,并做到自覺(jué)抵制落后文化和腐朽文化,從而形成正確的人生觀、價(jià)值觀、世界觀。
請(qǐng)回答:根據(jù)上述材料,概述第二次工業(yè)革命興起的主要原因?!紖⒖即鸢浮舰僬紊希Y本主義制度在世界范圍內(nèi)的確立,為第二次工業(yè)革命提供了政權(quán)保障。②市場(chǎng)上,世界市場(chǎng)進(jìn)一步拓展,推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)進(jìn)步發(fā)展。③科技上,19世紀(jì)自然科學(xué)的飛速發(fā)展與重大突破。④勞動(dòng)力上,擁有更多、素質(zhì)更好的自由勞動(dòng)力。⑤經(jīng)濟(jì)上,擁有更加雄厚的資本。探索攻關(guān)二:第二次工業(yè)革命與壟斷組織的出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系材料一第二次工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生的新興工業(yè)部門,在廠房、設(shè)備、技術(shù)要求和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性等方面,都對(duì)生產(chǎn)組織提出了新的要求。這是過(guò)去的獨(dú)家企業(yè)無(wú)法滿足的,而且一般沒(méi)有足夠的資金。……于是,集中資金的合股公司迅速增加起來(lái),起大型企業(yè)壟斷組織也就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
論證方法之引證法如何用好引證法:1.所引用的名言警句等針對(duì)性要強(qiáng)。每句名言都產(chǎn)生于特定的背景,都應(yīng)用于特定的交際目的,即使談同一個(gè)問(wèn)題,也有不少名言可供選取。2.要簡(jiǎn)潔,不宜過(guò)多。議論是在發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解而不是在介紹他人的見(jiàn)解。引用他人的話,目的是為了讓讀者更加信服自己的話。3.要注意直接引用和間接引用的區(qū)別。直接引用務(wù)求文字、甚至標(biāo)點(diǎn)均準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤;間接引用只須述其大意,但要注意人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換。論證方法之喻證法喻證法是用設(shè)喻來(lái)論證論點(diǎn)的方法。在議論文中,設(shè)喻可以使論點(diǎn)更易懂、更風(fēng)趣、更容易獲得讀者的認(rèn)同。喻證法能化抽象為具體、化艱深為淺顯、化枯燥為生動(dòng)。論證方法之喻證法如何用好喻證法:1.以小見(jiàn)大,就近取譬。要精選生活中細(xì)小的、人們熟悉的事物做為設(shè)喻的喻體。2.喻體不求形似,只求神似。做為喻證的喻體與做為比喻的喻體不同。比喻的喻體是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)特征,描繪事物,側(cè)重形似,以形比形;而喻證的喻體是為了闡發(fā)觀點(diǎn),以正視聽(tīng),力求神似,以義取形。
設(shè)問(wèn):你怎么看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題的?(這是達(dá)爾文沒(méi)有想到的,是有人利用了達(dá)爾文的學(xué)說(shuō),科學(xué)應(yīng)該與其區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái),但是科學(xué)家在研究時(shí),既要做到為追求真理不斷探索,又要有一定的人文精神,比如我們只有以人為本,才能找到解決當(dāng)今社會(huì)面臨的諸如環(huán)保、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、饑荒等問(wèn)題的途徑,才能構(gòu)建防止核物理技術(shù)、克隆技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、生物技術(shù)、太空技術(shù)等可能對(duì)人類造成不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的破壞作用的思想基礎(chǔ)、決策機(jī)制和社會(huì)條件。更重要的是社會(huì)和國(guó)家應(yīng)該對(duì)此有足夠的認(rèn)識(shí),正因?yàn)榇?,所以現(xiàn)在當(dāng)一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)明出臺(tái)后,就會(huì)有一些法律出臺(tái),限制其可能的非人道用途。但是這些影響應(yīng)不成為我們進(jìn)行科學(xué)探究的阻礙。)(3)科學(xué)與宗教的斗爭(zhēng)設(shè)計(jì)意圖:再次引導(dǎo)學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí),科學(xué)的探索永無(wú)止境,同時(shí)也再次認(rèn)識(shí)宗教和科學(xué)理論產(chǎn)生的原因。材料1:1972年,美國(guó)加利福尼亞教育部竟明文規(guī)定,中學(xué)生物學(xué)課本除進(jìn)化論外,必須還有神創(chuàng)論的內(nèi)容,而且兩者的頁(yè)數(shù)要各占一半。
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)導(dǎo)致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅(jiān)信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進(jìn)未來(lái)。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和金錢來(lái)探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來(lái),年輕人過(guò)度依賴手機(jī)是不對(duì)的,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)對(duì)他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學(xué)就“人類是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行宇宙探索”這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。有人認(rèn)為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來(lái)指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活;也有一些人認(rèn)為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下情況寫(xiě)一篇報(bào)告并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。注意:1.寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以上全部要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1.自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)的概念及探究自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)的過(guò)程。2.掌握自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,并能運(yùn)用其解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)演示實(shí)驗(yàn)和探究實(shí)驗(yàn)的技巧及自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的得出.教學(xué)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)思想:1、 先用游戲激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣,順理成章地研究落體運(yùn)動(dòng);2、 通過(guò)演示實(shí)驗(yàn)讓學(xué)生自己總結(jié)出物體下落快慢不同的主要原因是空氣阻力,從而猜想若沒(méi)有空氣阻力會(huì)怎樣;3、 用牛頓管實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證猜想,引入了新的理想運(yùn)動(dòng)模型:自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)。講述1971年宇航員做的實(shí)驗(yàn),加深印象;4、 了解地球表面物體下落運(yùn)動(dòng)近似成自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)的條件;5、 著手研究自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律,利用打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器進(jìn)行研究,得到結(jié)論;6、 總結(jié)自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn)及重力加速度;7、 應(yīng)用訓(xùn)練
①平動(dòng)的物體一般可以看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)做平動(dòng)的物體,由于物體上各點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況相同,可以用一個(gè)點(diǎn)代表整個(gè)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng),在這種情況下,物體的大小、形狀就無(wú)關(guān)緊要了,可以把整個(gè)物體當(dāng)質(zhì)點(diǎn)。例如:平直公路上行駛的汽車,車身上各部分的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況相同,當(dāng)我們把汽車作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)研究它的運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候,就可以把汽車當(dāng)作質(zhì)點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然,假如我們需要研究汽車輪胎的運(yùn)動(dòng),由于輪胎上各部分運(yùn)動(dòng)情況不相同,那就不能把它看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)了。要注意的是:同一物體在不同情況下有時(shí)可看質(zhì)點(diǎn),有時(shí)不可以看作質(zhì)點(diǎn),一列火車從北京開(kāi)到上海,研究火車的運(yùn)行的時(shí)間,可將火車看成質(zhì)點(diǎn),而火車過(guò)橋時(shí),計(jì)算火車過(guò)橋的時(shí)間,不可以將火車看成質(zhì)點(diǎn)。②有轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)但轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)為次要因素例如:研究地球公轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),可把地球看作質(zhì)點(diǎn);研究地球自轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),不能把地球看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)。③物體的形狀、大小可忽略再如:乒乓球旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)球的運(yùn)動(dòng)的較大的影響,運(yùn)動(dòng)員在發(fā)球、擊球時(shí)都要考慮,就不能把乒乓球簡(jiǎn)單看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)。
2、過(guò)程與方法(1)聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,通過(guò)師生共同討論的方法來(lái)確定時(shí)刻與時(shí)間、位置、位移及其路程的關(guān)系。(2)通過(guò)類比的數(shù)學(xué)方法用數(shù)學(xué)上的點(diǎn)、線段來(lái)突破時(shí)刻與時(shí)間的關(guān)系,直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的位置和位移。(3)嘗試運(yùn)用所學(xué)的概念判斷一些與生活相關(guān)的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。3.情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀(1)通過(guò)本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生體會(huì)到物理現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律所蘊(yùn)含的自然美。(2)通過(guò)對(duì)問(wèn)題的討論,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生勇于探究與日常生活有關(guān)的物理學(xué)問(wèn)題。(3)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生有主動(dòng)與他人合作的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神,提高學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)。二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn):1、時(shí)間、時(shí)刻、位置、位移的概念。2、矢量與標(biāo)量的概念。難點(diǎn):1、時(shí)刻與時(shí)間、路程和位移的區(qū)別。2、用坐標(biāo)表示時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、位移的方法。3、矢量與標(biāo)量的區(qū)別。
1.教材在學(xué)生的原有加速度概念的基礎(chǔ)上來(lái)討論“勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)速度變化快慢”的問(wèn)題,讓學(xué)生知道向心加速度能夠表示勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)物體速度變化的快慢究竟是怎么一回事。2.教材把向心加速度安排在線速度和角速度知識(shí)之后,使學(xué)生對(duì)描述勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的幾個(gè)物理量有一個(gè)大致的了解。3.教材從了解運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律過(guò)渡到了解力跟運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系的規(guī)律;把向心加速度放在向心力之前,從運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)的角度來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)向心加速度。4.教材為了培養(yǎng)學(xué)生“用事實(shí)說(shuō)話”的“態(tài)度”,讓一切論述都合乎邏輯,改變了過(guò)去從向心力推導(dǎo)向心加速度的教學(xué)方式。1.采用理論、實(shí)驗(yàn)、體驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的教學(xué)安排。2.教師啟發(fā)引導(dǎo),學(xué)生自主閱讀、思考,討論、交流。知識(shí)與技能1.會(huì)作矢量圖表示速度的變化量與速度之間的關(guān)系。2.加深理解加速度與速度、速度變化量的區(qū)別。3.體會(huì)勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)向心加速度方向的分析方法。4.知道向心加速度的公式也適用于變速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng);知道變速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的向心加速度的方向。