Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about "sharing views on historical sites". Through listening to a dialogue between Chinese and foreign students on the way to the Confucius Temple, students can understand their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts, so as to realize and think about the profound influence of Confucius and his thoughts on Chinese historical tradition. At the same time, the dialogue naturally integrates English idioms and mentions Shakespeare, the British playwright, so as to provide language materials and context for students to understand English idioms and related cultural allusions, as well as to compare Chinese and foreign cultures, which is helpful for students to understand and express the language such as history, tradition, culture and custom significant impact.Text analysis: listening text is a dialogue between a British student and a Chinese student when he goes to the Confucius Temple. When William, a British student, visited the Confucius Temple, he asked Xiao Kong, a Chinese student, for directions. Xiao Kong was just going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, so they went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. From the perspective of foreign tourists, this paper describes their thoughts on Confucius, the great son of Confucius, who had a profound impact on Chinese history and cultural tradition, and his education.Listening and Talking introduces a visit to a historic tourist destination. Tourism is a common way to understand a country's history, culture, and customs and so on. Students listen to the dialogue between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel Usher, and Paul, a backpacker, to learn about Pingyao's famous historical and cultural attractions and Paul's travel experience and experience as a foreign tourist.
Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個復(fù)合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容,we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀(jì),愛爾蘭南部脫離英國,這導(dǎo)致了我們今天有的英國的全名:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個復(fù)合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方,你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時期統(tǒng)治過英國。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個復(fù)合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。
這個地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學(xué)既練:為了讓更多的外國游客了解中國文化,欣賞中國美麗的自然風(fēng)光,感受中國發(fā)生的巨大變化,某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊子來介紹中國的旅游景點(diǎn)。該雜志社邀請你為該小冊子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州,內(nèi)容包括:1.杭州的位置(中國東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等;2.杭州的旅游特色(自然風(fēng)景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等);3.希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city.Dating back more than 2,200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers.In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating.In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions.In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them.As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year.Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss.
4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.P·P as adverbial: _________________________________________________________________.Function: _______________________________________________________________________.Step 5 Solid Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When _____________(question) by the media, they are not _____________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training class. They are united. _____________(fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. Step 6 Difference and similarity from -ingObserve the following examples.1. He went out, shutting the door behind him.=He went out, ________________________________________________________.2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.=__________________________________________, he went to his parents for help.Similarity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Difference : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Step Practice1. ________ in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因?yàn)閷懙么颐? 這篇文章不是很好。2. ________ carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔細(xì)讀書時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。3. ________ why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當(dāng)被問及他為什么要這么做時, 班長說這是他的職責(zé)
choir memberspeople to run food stands people to sell festival ticketspeople to sell music CDspeople to set up equipmentmusical performersStep 2: Listen to the announcement again and answer the questions. ? 1. What kind of songs will Grace Davis sing at the festival?? 2. Who can try out as a performer?? 3. What can those who think they do not have musical talent do?? 4. How can students volunteer to take part?? Talking about preferences:? Would you prefer doing ..?? What would you prefer to do?? Would you rather do .... or ….?? What would you rather do?? I'd prefer .... to ..? I'd rather have ... than .. Step 3: Speaking ProjectWork in groups. Role-play the conversation or make a new one.? Debbie: Where have you been? You missed the announcement about the music festival.? John: I was at the doctor's office. Music festival?? Frank: Yes, it's going to be next month on the school sports field. John, you can play the piano. How about playing it at the festival?? John: Well, I'd rather play the violin. I can play Liang Zhu.? Frank: Wow! Sounds good. What about you, Debbie? ? Debbie: Actually, I don't have much musical ability. I'd prefer just to help out with the crowds.? Frank: You can sell tickets or work at a food stand.? John: So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?? Debbie: Yes. All of the money will go to charity.
Step1:自主探究。1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage).4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.Step2:語法要點(diǎn)精析。用法1:過去分詞作表語1).過去分詞可放在連系動詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。注意:1).過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài);而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。The library is now closed.(狀態(tài))圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(動作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2)感覺類及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”;現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”。
This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.
1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1:What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process
The Internet celebrity Gao Yifeng. Years ago, he owned 5 companies and the staffs over 1,000, but during the economy crisis, he became nothing but debt. He was so worried that his hair became white overnight. There was a time when he wanted to killed himself. But after listening to the song Start Over by Liu Huan, he decided to cheer himself up. He started a steamed bun shop and gradually became a national chain shops. Now he became successful again.Walter Haddon said, “Music is the medicine of a troubled mind.” Music contains such a pleasant and inspiring force. Music gave him courage and bravery. When he listened to the song, it made his spirit fly like a kite in the wind. Music gave him strength and brought him relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times. I hope none of us have to go through the same kind of suffering that he did. At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help us in the same way that it helped him. I hope we all will somehow begin to treasure music and make it a part of our life. Thank you for your listening !5.Revise your writing each other.Does he/she explain how music has changed his/her/someone else’s life?Are some of the rhetorical devices included and used properly ?Does he/she talk about how music makes him/her/someone feel?Is the first word in each sentences capitalised?Does he/she use correct punctuation ?
(4)Now we have heard a number of outstanding speeches ... 我們已經(jīng)聆聽了許多精彩的發(fā)言……(5)Because we wanted the nations of the world, working together, to deal with ... 因?yàn)槲覀兿M澜绺鲊鴪F(tuán)結(jié)起來去應(yīng)對……(6)And if we do not act ... 如果我們不采取行動……(7)Now, I share the concerns that have been expressed ... 我也同意對于……表達(dá)的擔(dān)心(8)Let us show the world that by working together we can ... 讓我們告訴全世界,通過一起努力我們可以……(9)It is now time for us to ... 是時候我們……(10)And I have always wished that ... 我一直希望……(11)Thank you for letting me share this day with me.感謝你們和我共度這一天。實(shí)踐演練:假如你是高中生李華,你校將舉辦一次以“音樂”為主題的演講比賽,請你按照主題,寫下你的演講稿。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。First of all, thank you for listening to my speech. My topic is: love music like love yourself.Music is like the air we need to maintain our normal lives around us. You can't imagine how terrible a world without music would be. Movies and TV shows have no music, only dry conversations and scenes; mobile phones only vibrations; streets only noisy crowds; cafes, western restaurants only depressed meals. What a terrible world it is!As a student, I hope we all can enjoy the fun brought by music in our spare time. Instead of just listening to music, we can even make our own music. Let's enjoy the fun of music!Thanks again for your attention!
一、教材分析本框共有兩個目題:第一目從實(shí)踐含義入手,引出實(shí)踐的三大特征;第二目從實(shí)踐是認(rèn)識的來源、是認(rèn)識發(fā)展的動力、是檢驗(yàn)認(rèn)識的真理性的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、是認(rèn)識的目的和歸宿四個方面論述 了實(shí)踐是認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)。從地位上看,學(xué)好本框不僅有利于從總體上把握各課之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,而且能深刻理解馬克思主義哲學(xué)的鮮明特點(diǎn)和本質(zhì)特征,實(shí)現(xiàn)全書的教學(xué)目的,在全書中處于重要的地位。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識目標(biāo):識記實(shí)踐的含義、實(shí)踐的構(gòu)成要素、實(shí)踐的特點(diǎn)。理解實(shí)踐具有三個基本特征、實(shí)踐是認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)2.能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識解決實(shí)際問題的能力3.情感、態(tài)度、價值觀目標(biāo):通過學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生樹立實(shí)踐第一的觀點(diǎn),從而自覺投入到實(shí)踐之中去。三、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn):實(shí)踐是認(rèn)識的來源難點(diǎn):實(shí)踐的基本特征
3.作者為什么不直接描寫人們看見東西呢?請同學(xué)們找出其中的細(xì)節(jié)描寫,并說明有什么表達(dá)效果。答:側(cè)面烘托,正是作者高明之處,這也是許多佳作常用之法。細(xì)節(jié)描寫往往會成為事情的切入點(diǎn)和突破口,一篇佳作往往離不開一些細(xì)節(jié)描寫,本文也不例外,有些細(xì)節(jié)描寫耐人尋味,如:“德國人撤退時炸毀的布熱金卡毒氣室和焚尸爐廢墟上,雛菊花在怒放。”“這是一個二十多歲的姑娘,長得豐滿,可愛,皮膚細(xì)白,金發(fā)碧眼。她在溫和地微笑著,似乎是為著一個美好而又隱秘的夢想而微笑。”4.句子賞析:“對另外一些人來說,這樣一個事實(shí)使他們終生難忘:在德國人撤退時炸毀的布熱金卡毒氣室和焚尸爐廢墟上,雛菊花在怒放?!泵鞔_:一邊是戕害生命的毒氣室和焚尸爐,一邊是生機(jī)勃勃的生命,兩種反差極大的事物擺在一起。表達(dá)了作者對納粹的諷刺:納粹的殘暴終歸阻止不了生命的進(jìn)程。同時也表達(dá)了作者的控訴:生命的綻放是人世間最美好的事情,對生命的戕害是最惡劣的罪行。
材料四:印度提倡“只生一個好”——鼓勵三人小家庭 生男生女都一樣材料五:印度尼西亞《人口發(fā)展與幸福家庭法》材料六:我國基本國策 計(jì)劃生育(小結(jié))通過對以上材料的分析我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論,不同的國家應(yīng)該采取不同的人口政策,對與發(fā)達(dá)國家來說人口增長緩慢,應(yīng)采取鼓勵生育,吸引移民的措施;發(fā)展中國家人口增長較快,實(shí)行控制人口的政策已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。不論是發(fā)達(dá)國家還是發(fā)展中國家共同的目標(biāo)就是實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境人口和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展?!菊n堂小結(jié)】這節(jié)課我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了人口的自然增長,影響人口自然增長的因素有哪些?(人口的自然增長率和人口的基數(shù))世界人口的數(shù)量在不同的歷史時期表現(xiàn)出不同的特征,同一歷史時期的不同地區(qū),人口數(shù)量的增長又有不同的特點(diǎn)。面對不同的人口形勢,各國應(yīng)采取不同的人口政策。
1.促使美國成為一個移民國家的因素是:①美洲屬于未開發(fā)的新大陸,需要大量的勞動力;②歐洲失業(yè)工人和破產(chǎn)農(nóng)民增加,人們?yōu)榱俗非蟾玫慕?jīng)濟(jì)待遇遷往美洲;③新航線的開辟為人們順利遷移掃除了障礙;④殖民擴(kuò)張是人口遷移的促進(jìn)因素,加快了人口遷移的過程。導(dǎo)致美國人口在本土范圍內(nèi)頻繁遷移的原因,歸納起來有:第一次人口遷移是戰(zhàn)爭因素,第二次是城市化;第三次是自然環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的變化;第四次是經(jīng)濟(jì)格局的變化,即西部和南部新資源的發(fā)現(xiàn)和新興工業(yè)的發(fā)展。2.我國古代的人口遷移,深受統(tǒng)治者及其行政力量的束縛。封建帝王為了加強(qiáng)本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事實(shí)力,對人口遷移嚴(yán)加控制。只有當(dāng)戰(zhàn)亂發(fā)生的時候,這種控制才得到削弱,人們?yōu)榱硕惚軕?zhàn)亂,尋找安定的生活環(huán)境,不得不進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的遷移。我國近幾十年的人口遷移主要是由生產(chǎn)資料和勞動力數(shù)量上的地區(qū)分布不平衡造成的,是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素在起主導(dǎo)作用,與古代的人口遷移截然不同。
思考:洗衣機(jī)脫水時轉(zhuǎn)速高時容易甩干衣物,還是轉(zhuǎn)速低時容易甩干衣物?(2) 制作棉花糖的原理內(nèi)筒與洗衣機(jī)的脫水筒相似,里面加入白砂糖,加熱使糖熔化成糖汁。內(nèi)筒高速旋轉(zhuǎn),黏稠的糖汁就做離心運(yùn)動,從內(nèi)筒壁的小孔飛散出去,成為絲狀到達(dá)溫度較低的外筒,并迅速冷卻凝固,變得纖細(xì)雪白,像一團(tuán)團(tuán)棉花。5.離心現(xiàn)象的防止在水平公路上行駛的汽車,轉(zhuǎn)彎時所需的向心力是由車輪與路面的靜摩擦力提供的。如果轉(zhuǎn)彎時速度過大,所需向心力F大于最大靜摩擦力Fmax,汽車將做離心運(yùn)動而造成交通事故。因此,在公路彎道處,車輛行駛不允許超過規(guī)定的速度。當(dāng)高速轉(zhuǎn)動的砂輪或者飛輪內(nèi)部分子間相互作用力不足以提供所需向心力時,離心運(yùn)動就會使他們破裂,甚至釀成事故。
(二)進(jìn)行新課1、動能與勢能的相互轉(zhuǎn)化演示實(shí)驗(yàn)1:如右圖,用細(xì)線、小球、帶有標(biāo)尺的鐵架臺等做實(shí)驗(yàn)。把一個小球用細(xì)線懸掛起來,把小球拉到一定高度的A點(diǎn),然后放開,小球在擺動過程中,重力勢能和動能相互轉(zhuǎn)化。我們看到,小球可以擺到跟A點(diǎn)等高的C點(diǎn),如圖甲。如果用尺子在某一點(diǎn)擋住細(xì)線,小球雖然不能擺到C點(diǎn),但擺到另一側(cè)時,也能達(dá)到跟A點(diǎn)相同的高度,如圖乙。問題:這個小實(shí)驗(yàn)中,小球的受力情況如何?各個力的做功情況如何?這個小實(shí)驗(yàn)說明了什么?學(xué)生觀察演示實(shí)驗(yàn),思考問題,選出代表發(fā)表見解。小球在擺動過程中受重力和繩的拉力作用。拉力和速度方向總垂直,對小球不做功;只有重力對小球能做功。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,小球在擺動過程中重力勢能和動能在不斷轉(zhuǎn)化。在擺動過程中,小球總能回到原來的高度??梢?,重力勢能和動能的總和保持不變。即機(jī)械能保持不變。
3.適用條件(1)萬有引力定律只適用于質(zhì)點(diǎn)間引力大小的計(jì)算。當(dāng)兩物體間的距離遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于每個物體的尺寸時,物體可以看成質(zhì)點(diǎn),直接使用萬有引力定律計(jì)算。(模型)研究相互接觸的兩個人之間的萬有引力時,不能把他們看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)。(2)當(dāng)兩物體是質(zhì)量均勻分布的球體時,它們間的引力也可直接用公式計(jì)算,但式中的r是指兩球心間距離。研究太陽和地球之間的萬有引力,可以把它們看作質(zhì)量均勻的球體。當(dāng)研究物體不能看成質(zhì)點(diǎn)時,可以把物體假想分割成無數(shù)個質(zhì)點(diǎn),求出兩個物體上每個質(zhì)點(diǎn)與另一物體上所有質(zhì)點(diǎn)的萬有引力,然后求合力,這是微積分的思想。萬有引力定律產(chǎn)生于對太陽系行星運(yùn)動的研究,但它對物質(zhì)運(yùn)動的適用性卻要廣泛得多??梢赃@樣說,宇宙中凡有引力參與的一切復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象,無不要?dú)w結(jié)到這樣一條十分簡潔的定律之中,這不能不使人驚嘆宇宙萬物超乎尋常的和諧及人類理性思考所具有的統(tǒng)攝力。
二、課堂教學(xué)(課前由科代表發(fā)回預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案)1、教師根據(jù)預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案檢查結(jié)果提出問題(用多媒體展示),引導(dǎo)全班討論(重點(diǎn)討論:①、為什么動能的表達(dá)式一定是 mV2 ?你如何得出這個結(jié)論?②、力在一個過程中對物體所做的功,和物體在這個過程中動能的變化量有什么關(guān)系?你如何得出這個結(jié)論?這個做功的力和F=ma中的力F有什么關(guān)系)。有困難的小組應(yīng)及時問老師。老師在這個過程中巡視指導(dǎo)。2、學(xué)生自主閱讀課文“7 動能和動能定理”中的“動能的表達(dá)式”,然后完成如下練習(xí)(教師在此過程中巡視指導(dǎo)):2.1嘗試推出動能的表達(dá)式(鼓勵會推導(dǎo)的同學(xué)積極上臺板演,老師引導(dǎo)討論)。2.2寫出動能的小結(jié)(認(rèn)真閱讀教材p66倒數(shù)第二段、第三段,結(jié)合你推導(dǎo)動能表達(dá)式的過程,認(rèn)真思考后四人一組討論:①、動能是矢量還是標(biāo)量?②、動能的單位是什么?③、你認(rèn)為應(yīng)從哪幾方面來理解動能?)
【學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容分析】在行星運(yùn)動規(guī)律與萬有引力定律兩節(jié)內(nèi)容之間安排本節(jié)內(nèi)容,是為了更突出發(fā)現(xiàn)萬有引力定律的這個科學(xué)過程。如果說上一節(jié)內(nèi)容是從運(yùn)動學(xué)角度描述行星運(yùn)動的話,那么,本節(jié)內(nèi)容是從動力學(xué)角度來研究行星運(yùn)動的,研究過程是依據(jù)已有規(guī)律進(jìn)行的演繹推理過程。教科書在尊重歷史事實(shí)的前提下,通過一些邏輯思維的鋪墊,讓學(xué)生以自己現(xiàn)有的知識基礎(chǔ)身于歷史的背景下,經(jīng)歷一次“發(fā)現(xiàn)”萬有引力的過程,因此體驗(yàn)物理學(xué)研究問題的方法就成為主要的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。【學(xué)情分析】在學(xué)太陽對行星的引力之前,學(xué)生已經(jīng)對力、重力、向心力、加速度、重力加速度、向心加速度等概念有了較好的理解,并且掌握自由落體運(yùn)動和圓周運(yùn)動等運(yùn)動規(guī)律,能熟練運(yùn)用牛頓運(yùn)動定律解決動力學(xué)問題。已經(jīng)完全具備深入探究和學(xué)習(xí)萬有引力定律的起點(diǎn)能力。所以在推導(dǎo)太陽與行星運(yùn)動規(guī)律時,教師可以要求學(xué)生自主地運(yùn)用原有的知識進(jìn)行推導(dǎo),并要求說明每一步推理的理論依據(jù)是什么,教師僅在難點(diǎn)問題上做適當(dāng)?shù)狞c(diǎn)撥。
世界能源問題的解決途徑是什么?能源,是人類敕以生存和進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)的不可缺少的資源.近年來,隨著生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展和能源消費(fèi)的增長.能源問題已被列為世界上研究的重大問題之一.解決世界能源問題的根本途徑,主要有兩個方面:其一是廣泛開源,其二是認(rèn)真節(jié)流.所謂開源,就是積極開發(fā)和利用各種能源.在繼續(xù)加緊石油勘探和尋找新的石油產(chǎn)地的同時,積極開發(fā)豐富的煤炭資源,還要大力開發(fā)水能,生物能等常規(guī)能源,加強(qiáng)核能、太陽能,風(fēng)能、沼氣,海洋能,地?zé)崮芤约捌渌鞣N新能源的研究和利用,從而不斷擴(kuò)大人類的能源資源的種類和來源.所謂節(jié)流,就是要大力提倡節(jié)約能源.節(jié)能是世界上許多國家關(guān)心和研究的重要課題,甚至有人把節(jié)能稱為世界的“第五大能源”,與煤、石油和天然氣、水能、核能等并列.在節(jié)能方面,在有計(jì)劃地控制人口增長的同時,重點(diǎn)要發(fā)揮先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢,提高各國的能源利用效率.