(二)引入內(nèi)容1、播放幻燈片,從名言引出思考,什么是文化,如何理解文化?學生探究,既可質(zhì)疑,也可談自己對文化的理解2、幻燈片,以三組幻燈,分三個階段,學生分別通過小組討論的形式,歸納總結文化現(xiàn)象的三個特征3、根據(jù)對文化現(xiàn)象的認識,歸納總結文化的內(nèi)涵及外延小活動:把不是文化的山、水、樹,由幾組同學畫出來,體會文化的含義4、一組判斷題,哪些是文化的,哪些不是5、理解文化的特點首先,根據(jù)前面,總結文化現(xiàn)象的特征,歸納出文化的普通性及特殊性其次,播放視頻,歸納總結文化是人類特有的現(xiàn)象第三,根據(jù)教材材料,小組探究總結,文化是后天習得的第四,借助小活動的材料,歸納,文化需要一定的物質(zhì)載體6、文化的作用首先、觀看視頻,小組探究總結,文化對于人的影響其次,觀看視頻,小組探究總結,文化對社會的影響
3、文化的力量。為了使學生能辨證地分析文化的力量,我設計了兩個問題進行探討:(1)是不是任何文化都能起促進作用?(2)你在聽或唱國歌時感受到一種什么樣的力量?這樣,學生在對比中學會辨證地分析文化的力量——先進的、健康的文化能促進社會發(fā)展和個人成長;落后的、腐朽的文化則阻礙社會發(fā)展和個人成長。同時還能提高學生的文化賞析能力,從而引導學生裝自覺參加健康有益的文化活動,抵制不良文化的影響,投身到社會主義精神文明建設中去。關于課堂練習,我準備了5個針對性比較強的選擇題,從而加深鞏固本框題的重難點知識。最后,播放歌曲《走進新時代》,展示本課知識結構,指出本框題需重點掌握的問題,結束本課教學。課后作業(yè),我設計了這樣一個辨析的題目:文化是人們創(chuàng)造的全部財富的總和,它是人類特有的現(xiàn)象。
(2).教學手段為了使我根據(jù)教材而設計的三個教學目標以及重點難點得以的突出和突破,達到最大化的展示境界,同時也為了配合以上我選擇的四種教法得以完滿實現(xiàn),我決定采用“多媒體”教學手段進行全程教學。利用電腦的信息容量大,操作簡便等優(yōu)點,形象生動的直觀展示教學內(nèi)容,不但提高學習效率和質(zhì)量,而且容易激發(fā)學生的學習興趣和調(diào)動學習的積極性。四、說學法我為學生設計了三個學習方法:1.讓學生學會在探究中學。通過“對黑人嚴酷處境的探究”和對文中重點語句的探究,培養(yǎng)學生在探究中學習的能力。2.讓學生學會在讀中學。通過“誦讀法”指導學生在誦讀過程中感受演講詞內(nèi)在的魅力,學會在讀中學。3.讓學生學會在練習中學。通過“課外延伸練習法”,對所學的知識進行運用,培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新和自學能力。
一、說教材1.教材分析《涉江采芙蓉》是新人教版必修二第二單元《古詩三首》中的一首?!豆旁娛攀住吩谥袊糯姼璧乃囆g手法上起著承前啟后的作用,在高中語文古詩教學中也起著承前啟后的作用。這首古體詩不論是藝術上,還是在思想上都已經(jīng)達到了十分純熟的境界。因此,它十分重要。2.說學情這首詩歌在內(nèi)容上難度不大,可以做多角度解讀。新課程標準鼓勵學生作個性化解讀,我們可以引導學生就此作些探討。學生通過小學、初中的系統(tǒng)學習和本冊古詩部分的集中學習,有了一定的古詩鑒賞能力,對源遠流長的中華文化也有了一些積淀,興趣漸濃,這是進一步引導學生熱愛古代詩歌、學習古代詩歌的一個前提。3.教學目標依據(jù)學生特點,教材特色以及新課標的要求,制定教學目標如下:(用多媒體展示)1、了解關于《古詩十九首》的文學常識;2、感受詩歌的思想內(nèi)涵;3、運用想象描摹詩歌的藝術畫面。
一、說教材《短歌行》是普通高中課程標準實驗教科書必修(二)第二單元的一篇略讀課文,本單元安排的是先秦到南北朝時期的詩歌。《短歌行》是著名政治家、軍事家、文學家曹操的作品。詩中抓住“憂”字來寫詩人為什么“憂”,如何解“憂”,從而表達希望能夠招攬人才、完成統(tǒng)一天下的雄心壯志。所以本單元安排《短歌行》一詩,對學生全面了解曹操,感受曹操在短暫的人生中竭力創(chuàng)造偉業(yè)的氣概。二、說學生我這一課的教學對象是高一學生。他們進入高中學習的時間只有三個多月,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了必修(一)的學習。學習了現(xiàn)代詩歌單元,有了一定的詩歌學習基礎,初步掌握了讀詩的基本方法,但是還未能形成成熟的穩(wěn)定的學習方式。同時,本單元學習是高中第一次接觸古代詩歌,詩歌語言上的障礙和時間上的跨度對他們來說都是學習上的困難。因此教師要引導學生自主學習,合作學習,為他們設置新的學習情境,提供合作探究的機會。
Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:
Purpose of my design:To ask the students to do these two tasks will make the Ss predict the story of this passage. As a result, it will deepen Ss’ memory of this story because they will have their own understanding of this story.Step 3. While-readingTask 1. (Individual work _____min)Skimming: ask students to skim the text and the main ideas of each paragraph in this passage. Please read it quickly and then match the sentences with the letters.Task 2. (Individual work _____min)Scanning: read the text quickly and decide the whether the following statements are true or false and give reasons.Task 3. (Pair work _____min)Listen to the tape and fill in the banks. Then read the paragraph with expression to your partner.Task4 (individual work min)Listen to the tape again and write down the main idea in one sentence.Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trainedStep 4. Post-readingTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; _____min)Discussion (group of 4):1. If you were Hippomenes, would you run against Atlanta?2. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? Why or why not?Step 5. HomeworkPlease read the story again carefully after class and imagine: What will happen during the race between Hippomenes and Atlanta? Who do you think will win the race? Do you think Atlanta would marry Hippomenes? Write an end for the story with thses questions.Purpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.Part 5 Blackboard design
“深入探究,把握主旨”這一步則是解決教學的重點難點,這里涉及到課文的深層意蘊,學生理解有難度,教師在通過問題引領學生探討的基礎上,還要適時啟發(fā)、點撥,因為教學時間有限,讓學生漫無邊際的討論,可能難以完成預定的教學任務,會使教學過程不完整。至于本文的寫作特點的教學視時間而定,有時間可以讓學生說一說,沒有時間用小黑板出示一下,讓學生了解就行,如果時間不夠,甚至可以不講。第三階段是“延伸練習,鞏固提高”。
1、教材的地位作用本課是新人教版普通高中歷史必修Ⅱ第六單元第18課的內(nèi)容,闡述羅斯福新政的背景、措施、影響。從單元知識安排看,本課與第17課《空前嚴重的資本主義世界經(jīng)濟危機》、19課《戰(zhàn)后資本主義的新變化》共同詮釋第六單元課題——《資本主義世界經(jīng)濟政策的調(diào)整》。說明了“資本主義經(jīng)濟理論和政策隨著資本主義發(fā)展而不斷調(diào)整的特點”,凸顯了“市場調(diào)節(jié)”和“國家干預”在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的重要性。從知識體系看,它是學生學習了第一次工業(yè)革命后自由資本主義、第二次工業(yè)革命后的壟斷資本主義等之后出現(xiàn)的,既是對上述知識的鞏固與綜合運用,又為學生學習必修二的相關內(nèi)容打下基礎,有承上啟下的作用。本課三個子目從邏輯上看又是遞進關系。第一個子目“臨危受命”承上啟下,說明了羅斯福上臺的歷史背景具有臨危受命的特點,第二個子目“實施新政”講述了羅斯福新政的主要內(nèi)容,第三個子目“擺托危機困境”主要講述了羅斯福新政的影響。
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否結合文本特點總結林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質(zhì)特征;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否針對人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問題,進而對道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
The joke set her crying.這個玩笑使她哭起來。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語語和狀語語的功能和意義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否正確使用動詞-ing形式描述人物的行為、動作及其經(jīng)歷;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否獨立完成練習冊和導學案中的相關練習。
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否通過說話人所表達的內(nèi)容、說話的語氣、語調(diào)等來判斷其態(tài)度和情緒;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否針對具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見解,能否掌握聽力理訓練中的聽力策略。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否通過人物言行的對比分析道德故事的深層內(nèi)涵;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否根據(jù)故事的起因、經(jīng)過和結果來深入理解故事的情節(jié),從而了解文章的層次結構;4、結合現(xiàn)實生活案例發(fā)表自己的見解和看法,寫一篇觀點明確、層次分明的故事評論。
(明確:“寡人之于國也,盡心焉耳矣”,但“寡人之民不加多,何也?”)②他認為自己對國家政務盡心盡力了,他有哪些具體做法?(明確:移民移粟)③第2—4節(jié)中孟子是怎樣說明梁惠王移民移粟的措施與“鄰國之政”并無本質(zhì)區(qū)別的?(明確:孟子不直接回答“民不加多”的問題,而是用梁惠王熟悉的“戰(zhàn)”設喻——設圈套,誘使對方在不知不覺中說出“不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也?!保苊献诱J為怎樣才能做到“王道之始”?要想“王道之成”還需采取哪些措施?(明確:“不違農(nóng)時,谷不可勝食也。數(shù)罟不入氵夸池,魚鱉不可勝食也。斧斤以時入山林,材木不可勝用也。谷與魚鱉不可勝食,材木不可勝用五畝之宅,樹之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣。雞豚狗彘之畜,無失其時,七十者可以食肉矣。百畝之田,勿奪其時,數(shù)口之家,可以無饑矣。謹庫序之教,申之以孝涕之義,頒白者不負戴于道路矣。)這一小步的目的是想讓學生通過這些問題的解答,可以進一步理清思路,掌握文的大概內(nèi)容。
3、重要語句的理解“可是一個人并不是生來要給打敗的,你盡可把它消滅掉,可就是打不敗他?!苯馕觯哼@是老人第一次回合之后的內(nèi)心獨白,也是此小說的核心精神,充分體現(xiàn)了老人桑地亞哥的生命理念。整句話可以分為兩部分來理解,前句告訴我們,人生活在自然與社會當中,必不可少要面臨一些坎坷、磨難,這些磨難、坎坷完全可以造成軀體的消滅、消亡,這是人生命的脆弱性。后句,面對挫折,只要保持一種樂觀的精神,擁有一顆堅強的心靈,那么,人類執(zhí)著奮斗的精神將永不磨滅。4、象征主義題目是《老人與海》,而表明上,小說是寫一位老人及其在海上的經(jīng)歷,但實際上,老人的形象極具概括性,他已經(jīng)超越了一個人的存在,而成為了人生的一種象征。老人桑地亞哥就是“硬漢子”的代表,大海則是生命旅途的象征,鯊魚則是我們行走中的“強物”,厄運的象征。人的一生不可能一帆風順,不經(jīng)歷風雨,怎能見彩虹,走在人生路途中,不可避免我們都要遇到挫折,被厄運所阻撓,只有經(jīng)歷與“鯊魚”的較量,才能成為強者,唱出最美的歌。
一、人類遺傳病1.概念2.分類(1)單基因遺傳病(2)多基因遺傳病(3)染色體異常遺傳?、僭颌陬愋?遺傳病的特點4.遺傳病對人類的危害八、說布置作業(yè)在作業(yè)的布置中,我嚴格遵循“重質(zhì)量、輕負擔”的指導思想。第一題主要是為了幫助學生及時糾正原有的對知識的錯誤理解或片面認識,培養(yǎng)學生的解題技巧和技能。所以我選用了該題。同時想借助該題培養(yǎng)學生對問題的科學的思維方法和探究的精神。幫助學生提高對信息技術運用的熟練程度,發(fā)展學生的信息素養(yǎng)。附作業(yè):1、連線題,請同學們連線指出下列遺傳各屬于何種類型?(1)苯丙酮尿病 A、單基因遺傳?。?)21三體綜合征(3)抗維生素D佝僂病 B、多基因遺傳病(4)軟骨發(fā)育不全(5)青少年型糖尿病 C、常染色體病2、以生物小組為單位進行人類遺傳病的調(diào)查。
在學生活動的基礎上,教師總結歸納:要堅持從群眾中來到群眾中去的工作方法。要求:政府要通過各種途徑,利用各種群眾組織、社會團體廣泛收集群眾意見和建議,認真對待群眾的來信來訪。還要為群眾誠心誠意辦實事,盡心竭力解難事,堅持不懈。通過合作探究,以此來培養(yǎng)學生的分析能力,探究能力以及透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)的能力,培養(yǎng)學生獲取信息的能力,自主學習的能力以及全面看問題的能力,再結合教師的講授,給學生一種茅塞頓開的感覺。環(huán)節(jié)四 回歸生活 提升情感我將引導學生閱讀課本,通過設置活動探究課,結合生活實際從時效,便利,實效等方面請學生評述公民求助或投訴的四種方式的特點和優(yōu)點。在這一過程中,我還會用多媒體展示常用的熱線電話,政府網(wǎng)站上有關信訪、政務公開及其他便民利民的欄目,豐富課堂資源。讓學生閱讀課本,自行歸納知識點,有助于培養(yǎng)學生自主學習能力。
陸王心學與程朱理學相比有何異同?生 不同點:在理的內(nèi)涵上不同,程朱理學認為“理”是貫通于宇宙、人倫的客觀存在,是一種普遍的規(guī)律準則;陸王心學認為心即理,是“良知”,認為人心便是世界萬物的本原。方法上也有不同:前者向外追究,“格物致知”;后者向內(nèi)探求,“發(fā)明本心”以求理,克服私欲、回復良知。生 相同點:都提出了一個宇宙、社會、人生遵循的“理”。師 對。程朱理學是客觀唯心主義,陽明心學是主觀唯心主義。這兩者的分歧是理學范圍內(nèi)的分歧,其基本思想是一致的。師 宋明理學與漢唐以前的儒學比較,最大的特點在于批判地吸收了佛教哲學的思辨結構和道教的宇宙生成論,將儒家的倫理學說概括升華為哲學基本問題。其實質(zhì)是把佛、道“養(yǎng)性”“修身”引向儒家的“齊家”“治國”“平天下”,對儒家的綱常道德給予哲學論證,使之神圣化、絕對化、普遍化,以便深入人心,做到人人遵而行之。
基于以上分析,為使本堂課圍繞重點、突破難點,同時讓學生在課堂教學中能力得到提高,我設計如下教學過程。(一)創(chuàng)設情景認識形變由同學們已有的形變知識入手,引入新課。教師演示:①彈簧的壓縮形變;②彈簧的拉伸形變③視頻播放:竹竿形變、鋼絲的扭轉(zhuǎn)形變。得出形變的概念及各類形變。[設計意圖:我從生活情景中引入新課,是為了激發(fā)學生的好奇心,為學生學習重點和難點內(nèi)容作鋪墊。]設問:摩天大樓在風的吹拂下會不會擺動,發(fā)生形變嗎?演示微小形變放大實驗:由于這種形變不容易觀察,會使學生產(chǎn)生疑問:到底有沒有發(fā)生形變?解決的辦法是微小形變的演示實驗。為什么光點會往下移?讓學生帶著問題思考后得出結論:是由于桌面發(fā)生了形變,但是形變不明顯。為后面解決壓力和支持力都是彈力做好鋪墊。[設計意圖:使學生知道“放大”是一種科學探究的方法。]
4、本文的重點是說辭,雖僅百余字,卻委婉曲折,步步進逼,層層深入,表現(xiàn)出高超的勸說藝術、游說技巧。讓學生細細品味并概括說辭中包含幾層意思。第一層(“秦、晉圍鄭,鄭既知亡矣”),分析形勢,以退為進,博得好感。第二層(“若亡鄭而有益于君”至“君之薄也”),亡鄭陪鄰,動搖聯(lián)盟。第三層(“若舍鄭以為東道主”至“君亦無所害”),存鄭有益,利益引誘。第四層(“且君嘗為晉君賜矣”至“唯君圖之”),追溯歷史,深入離間??梢姞T之武面對大國的君主,巧舌如簧,不卑不亢,從容辭令,既不刺激對方也不失本國尊嚴,語言的分寸掌握得恰到好處。表現(xiàn)出燭之武機智善辯的外交才能。5、面對風云突變的局勢,晉侯沒有感情用事,而表現(xiàn)了清醒的頭腦和理智的判斷。這種隱忍不發(fā)、隨機應變的胸懷和謀略,正是晉文公終成霸業(yè)的根本原因。設計意圖:本環(huán)節(jié)的重點是全面把握燭之武這一人物性格特征,以及退秦師過程中體現(xiàn)出的非凡的膽識以及高超的謀略和語言藝術。