The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
第11段很短,只點出了這是“在婦女身上搞不育試驗的地方”,但在最末又加了一句“否則他會羞紅了臉的”,這是為什么?那肯定是一個極為骯臟,極為殘酷的地方。據(jù)資料記載:當時的希特勒制定一項令所有被征服或占領(lǐng)國家的民族充當奴隸并且逐漸消亡的隱密性種族滅絕計劃——高效率、大規(guī)模的強制絕育。為此,數(shù)以百計的納粹醫(yī)生、教授、專家甚至護士,在行政管理專家的通力合作下,相繼提出了幾十種絕育方法,十余種實施方案,并且在奧斯維辛、拉芬斯布呂克、布亨瓦爾特、達豪等十多個大型集中營內(nèi)對數(shù)以萬計的猶太、吉普賽囚犯、因從事抵抗運動而被捕的政治犯和男女戰(zhàn)俘進行了殘酷的手術(shù)試驗,造成他們大量死亡或者終身殘疾、終身不育。這樣殘酷的毫無人性的手段,任誰也不愿看到。
一、說教材《別了,不列顛尼亞》是編排在人教版《普通高中課程標準實驗教科書語文1(必修)》第四單元的課文,是精讀課文《短新聞兩篇》中的一篇,另一篇是《奧斯維辛沒有什么新聞》。這一單元的學習內(nèi)容是新聞和報告文學,還有兩篇作品分別是中國報告文學三大里程碑之一的《包身工》和記錄中國航天事業(yè)輝煌發(fā)展的《飛向太空的航程》。在當今信息大爆炸的時代,如何快速獲得信息,如何在新聞中解讀事件的真相,感悟生活的內(nèi)涵成為語文教學的又一重大任務(wù)。因此這一單元的編入便更多地具有了時代意義,體現(xiàn)了語文學科與日常生活的密切關(guān)系。不僅如此,新聞特寫和報告文學的選入,拓寬了學生對新聞類文章的了解,體現(xiàn)語文學科的工具性作用。在選文的過程中,新教材同時注重語文學科的人文性,四篇作品不僅傳遞著新鮮、真實的信息,同時更張顯人文性的厚度,他們以飽滿的情感,縱橫的歷史經(jīng)驗。
二、說學生本屆高一學生經(jīng)過了三年初中課改,在心理上,他們渴望表現(xiàn)的欲望和自主探究的欲望比較強烈,對有興趣的知識表現(xiàn)出高度地熱情,并具有一定的團結(jié)協(xié)作能力,但還是應(yīng)該正視一個并不樂觀的現(xiàn)實——在寫作方面,學生知識還停留在簡單的記敘及表達方式綜合運用上,至于巧妙構(gòu)思、謀篇布局很是空白。即便已經(jīng)經(jīng)過高中一個學期的學習,但還是有大部分學生依然基礎(chǔ)較為薄弱,甚至出現(xiàn)不知從何下筆的現(xiàn)象。三、說教法與學法“老師搭臺,學生唱戲”1、教法:本課將安排兩課時(一課時學習一課時練筆),采用 PPT 多媒體課件教學,嘗試用角色扮演法、圖片展示法和多媒體教學等方法,教學中應(yīng)該重視學生的參與性和探究性。2、學法:學生應(yīng)該充分利用多角度創(chuàng)設(shè)的學習情境來激發(fā)自身學習的興趣和熱情,分組討論,小組互助等形式讓學生積極自主參與、進行問題探究學習。理論依據(jù):建構(gòu)主義理論“學生是學習的中心”的闡釋,教師應(yīng)該做學生主動建構(gòu)意義的幫助者、促進者。
當代社會生活的變化比以往任何時代都要快。語言尤其是詞匯記錄了這些發(fā)展變化,因而也涌現(xiàn)了大量的新詞新語。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,近幾年每年大約要出現(xiàn)1000個左右的新詞新語,而字典、詞典的多次修訂、增補就反映了這種情況。但相對來說,也有一些流行語又逐漸受到冷遇,甚至退隱。為了更好的對新詞新語與流行文化作一番檢視與探究,那讓我們考察一下它們是怎么產(chǎn)生的吧?老師先給同學們列舉四種途徑:大屏幕3。同學們能再舉出以上途徑的一些例子嗎?老師列舉(4)其實不只這些,那還有哪些途徑呢?找同學說并舉例。說的非常好,請同學們看老師的例子,總結(jié)(5)。從新詞新語的產(chǎn)生途徑可以看出,這些鮮活得像畫一樣的新詞就是這個時代跳動的血小板,它涉及當代社會的重大事件、現(xiàn)象與時弊,以及人們?nèi)粘I畹母鱾€層面如人生意義、生活方式、愛情、友情、就業(yè)、消費、時尚等,時代性強,傳播面廣,反映著當代社會時局與人們文化心態(tài)的變化。
1)他們在初中的生物學學習中已具備了一定的關(guān)于光合作用的基礎(chǔ)知識,也做過“綠葉在光下制造淀粉”這個實驗。2)他們具備物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)變和能量變化等相關(guān)的化學知識。3)在前面的《降低化學反應(yīng)活化能的酶》一節(jié)的學習中已經(jīng)學習過簡單的對照實驗和相關(guān)的實驗設(shè)計原則,使本節(jié)課最后的實驗設(shè)計得以順利進行。4)他們具有一定的 分析問題的能力,實施問題探究教學是可行的。三、教法和學法根據(jù)上述對教材和學生的分析,本節(jié)采用以下教法和學法:1)實驗法:以實驗說明結(jié)論。生物學的教學就是實驗的教學過程,實驗的展示形式有學生分組實驗、老師示范實驗、動畫和圖片演示實驗等,讓實驗現(xiàn)象說明問題,而不是直接讓學生記住結(jié)論。2)問題探究教學發(fā):以問題引發(fā)興趣。整個教學過程要設(shè)置好問題,層層展開,層層遞進,讓新知識與舊知識融為一個整體,讓學生在步步上升中攀登到知識的頂峰。3)比較學習法,同時采用多媒體輔助教學,解決光合作用抽象的過程。
4、【自主探究】巴山夜雨的成因③材料三:三國時期,諸葛亮于農(nóng)歷6月的一天,在葫蘆峪設(shè)下伏兵,打算用火攻全殲司馬懿。這一天,晴空萬里暑熱難耐,真乃火攻之良機。諸葛亮依計將司馬懿之眾誘入谷中……然而,正當大火沖天,司馬懿全軍行將覆滅之時,一場大雨不期而至,大雨澆滅了諸葛亮扶漢反魏的壯志,使他喊出了“謀事在人,成事在天,不可強也”的千古悲歌?!驹O(shè)計理念】前后呼應(yīng),發(fā)散思維。通過自主探究,學生各抒己見,完成對熱力環(huán)流整個知識框架的一個總結(jié),既考查了學生的課堂學習效果,又鍛煉了學生知識的遷移能力,并認識生活中的地理規(guī)律,用生動的語言拉近學生與大氣理性知識的距離,體會到地理學科的重要性?!咎釂枴咳绻麑滋鞊Q成夏季,將夜間換成冬季,情況又會怎樣?城市與郊區(qū)之間也存在著熱力環(huán)流——城市風,它們是怎樣形成的?了解城市風的出現(xiàn)有何重要意義?如果地球上在赤道和兩極之間存在熱力環(huán)流,這個熱力環(huán)流應(yīng)該怎樣?這幾個問題,請大家課后慢慢思考。
(一)教材的地位與作用本節(jié)教材包括三方面的內(nèi)容,(1)全球氣候在不斷變化之中。(2)全球氣候變化的可能影響。(3)氣候變化的適應(yīng)對策三方面說明氣候變化及其對人類活動的影響。從標準的要求看,學習的重點不在全球氣候變化本身,而是把全球氣候變化看作是客觀存在的事實,從而探討全球氣候變化對地理環(huán)境及人類活動的影響。從資料中可以看出本節(jié)教學內(nèi)容涵蓋的時空跨度非常大,思維的鏈索很長很廣,許多問題涉及到學科的前沿及人類所關(guān)注的熱點,因此,本節(jié)課對學生而言既有趣味性,又有挑戰(zhàn)性。 (二)教學目標(1)知識與技能目標:1.通過全球氣候的長期演變圖,學生了解全球氣候處在波動變化之中。2.通過資料認識全球氣候一直處于變化之中并呈現(xiàn)一定變化周期,了解全球氣候變化對地理環(huán)境及人類活動的影響,能夠提出一些氣候變化的適應(yīng)對策。
問:為什么會出現(xiàn)這樣的情況,男女生之間的拉力存在著怎樣的大小關(guān)系?進一步求證這兩個力的大小關(guān)系經(jīng)過共同討論,得方案:把兩個彈簧秤勾在一起,重現(xiàn)拔河比賽,分三種情況進行。(通過攝像頭把彈簧秤的讀數(shù)放大)兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,處于靜止不動時(即拔河比賽,雙方處于僵持狀態(tài))兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,并向一方運動(即比賽繩子被拉向一方時的狀態(tài))3、兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,一方方向慢慢改變(兩力方向始終在一條直線上)實驗結(jié)論:兩彈簧稱的讀數(shù)的變化總是相同的,大小相等,方向相反。得到牛頓第三定律:追問:既然兩個力大小相等,那么拔河比賽為什么還存在勝負之分?講清作用力與反作用力作用的受力物體不同,并和學生討論如何做才會獲勝。回應(yīng)課前問題:“以卵擊石”為什么雞蛋碎?
在同一個直角坐標,做出兩個不同彈簧的F—X圖象,然后進行比較。圖象法處理數(shù)據(jù)更為直觀,更容易得出物理變化規(guī)律,且該種方法處理數(shù)據(jù)能更好地減小實驗的偶然誤差。最后老師歸納總結(jié):得出胡克定律:F=KX(K為彈簧的頸度系數(shù))[設(shè)計意圖:在探究彈力的大小與形變的定量關(guān)系時,由學生進行猜想、實驗和得出規(guī)律,并利用信息技術(shù)計算機繪制F—X圖象,充分利用信息技術(shù)資源和物理學科的整合。能較好地體現(xiàn)以學生為主的新的教學理念。對探究實驗過程教師加以指導,使學生學會團結(jié)合作、學會探究物理規(guī)律;再加上熟練信息技術(shù),更有效地提高學習效率。](五)彈力的應(yīng)用(圖片,視頻播放:射箭)[設(shè)計意圖:讓學生知道產(chǎn)品設(shè)計離不開物理理論,做到從實踐到理論,再從理論到實踐的學習過程。](六)開放式問題(視頻播放:撐桿跳高、跳水);提出問題:通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容的學習,請同學們開放式地討論①從形變與彈力知識去思考,撐桿跳高運動員跳得這么高的主要原因是什么?②跳水運動員在空中滯空時間主要由哪方面決定?
進一步引導學生思考利用數(shù)學知識可寫成等式F=kma學生很自然就會思考比列系數(shù)K應(yīng)該是多少?通過教師引導學生舉例各國長度單位不同(如英國:英里、碼、英尺、英寸;中國:市里、市丈、市尺、市寸、市分 )導致交流不便。為了適應(yīng)各國交流需要國際計量局規(guī)定了一套統(tǒng)一的單位,稱為國際單位制 。取不同的單位制K是不同的,為了簡潔方便,在選取了質(zhì)量和加速度的國際單位(Kg, m/s2)時規(guī)定K=1。那么就有;F=ma為了紀念牛頓,就把能使1kg物體獲得1m/s2加速度的力稱做一牛頓,用符號N表示問題:實際物體受力往往不止一個,多個力情況應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?平行四邊形法則進一步引導學生得出牛頓第二定律更一般的表達式: F合=ma思考.討論我們用力提一個很重的箱子,卻提不動它。這個力產(chǎn)生了加速度嗎?要是產(chǎn)生了,箱子的運動狀態(tài)卻并沒有改變。為什么?
研究一種物理現(xiàn)象,總是要先從現(xiàn)象的描述入手。機械運動作為自然界最簡單和最基本的運動形態(tài),它所描述的是物體空間位置隨時間變化的情況。因此,本節(jié)學習描述質(zhì)點做機械運動需要時刻、時間間隔和位移等概念。相當一部分高一學生在具體過程中難以區(qū)別時刻和時間間隔。另外,由于思維的定式,在第一次接觸既要考慮大小又要考慮方向的問題時,會因不適應(yīng)造成學習困難。所以,區(qū)別“路程與位移”“時刻和時間間隔”是教學的重難點所在。學習這些內(nèi)容的過程與方法對學習速度和加速度可以起到奠定基礎(chǔ)的作用。教學的對象是高一的學生,這一時期的學生處在好奇善問、創(chuàng)新意識強烈的青少年期。對于生活中出現(xiàn)的各種現(xiàn)象具有濃厚的興趣。但他們的思維還停留在簡單的代數(shù)運算階段,對于矢量和矢量運算的理性認識幾乎沒有。且對生活中出現(xiàn)的時間、時刻、時間間隔等不能做出很好的區(qū)分,對時常提及的路程、距離等形成了模糊的前概念。
一、說教材《質(zhì)點 參考系和坐標系》是人教版普通高中物理必修一第一章第一課的內(nèi)容。本節(jié)課主要介紹了質(zhì)點、參考系、坐標系的基本概念。通過本節(jié)課的學習為進一步學習后續(xù)課程起到了鋪墊的作用。根據(jù)上述教材的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容分析,又考慮到高一年級學生的認知結(jié)構(gòu)及其心理特征,我制定了以下三維教學目標:1、知識與技能:知道質(zhì)點的概念及條件;知道參考系的概念及作用;掌握坐標系的簡單應(yīng)用。2、過程與方法:促進學生自主學習,讓學生積極參與、樂于探究、勇于實驗、勤于思考,培養(yǎng)學生的科學探究能力。3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:通過質(zhì)點 參考系和坐標系的學習,使學生了解生活與物理的關(guān)系,讓學生學會用科學的思維去看待事物。根據(jù)普通高中物理課程標準,并在吃透教材的基礎(chǔ)上,我確定了以下教學重點和難點:教學重點:質(zhì)點概念的建立。只有掌握了這一點才能更加準確的理解和掌握后續(xù)教材的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
六、教學程序設(shè)計(“一三五”模式)為了完成這節(jié)課的教學目標,我是這樣安排的:第一環(huán)節(jié): (約10分鐘)根據(jù)對自主探究案的批閱情況,解決學生的遺留問題具體實施:投影學生的自主探究案,讓學生交流討論,教師點評。第二環(huán)節(jié): ( 約30分鐘)新課學習:在“課堂互動案”的導學提綱引領(lǐng)下,完成這節(jié)課的三維教學目標。具體實施:多媒體輔助教學、交流討論。第三環(huán)節(jié): (約5分鐘)課堂小結(jié)和布置作業(yè):為了體現(xiàn)課程改革的新理念——學生是學習的主人,我改變傳統(tǒng)的教師總結(jié)為學生總結(jié)的模式,既強化了學生所學的知識,又培養(yǎng)了學生的歸納和概括能力。作業(yè)分為兩部分:(1)書面作業(yè)p85,1、2、3、4。(2)完成“應(yīng)用提升案”。七、板書設(shè)計由于多媒體在物理教學中僅是一種輔助手段,不能完全取代黑板,因此一節(jié)課的主要內(nèi)容和學生的必要參與還需要借助黑板來幫助。我在這節(jié)課的板書設(shè)計中突出了主要內(nèi)容,簡潔明了。
學生回答的方法多樣,讓各小組根據(jù)自己討論出來的方法對自己實驗出來的紙帶進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,并求出加速度,并且將多條紙帶都進行處理,同時提醒學生對紙帶的選擇。接著,我會用多媒體展示重物下落實驗打出來的紙帶,用表格列出一段紙帶上各點的瞬時速度,準確畫出v-t圖像,求出加速度,將結(jié)果給予學生的結(jié)果作對比,確定出正確結(jié)論。最后讓學生分析總結(jié):自由落體運動是初速度為零的勻加速直線運動,而且,多條紙帶算出來的加速度的數(shù)值都接近相等,即加速度在實驗誤差允許范圍內(nèi)是相等的。引出重力加速度,介紹概念、方向及大小。(強調(diào)“同一地點”,讓學生閱讀教材中一些地點的重力加速度,可以了解重力加速度的大小與緯度有關(guān),緯度越大加速度越大)。學習了重力加速度后讓學生根據(jù)之前學習的勻變速直線運動公式推導出自由落體的運動規(guī)律。設(shè)計意圖:讓學生在學習過程中的主體地位和自主觀能動性得到充分發(fā)揮,取長補短,培養(yǎng)了學生的實驗操作能力,又使學生對自由落體運動的性質(zhì)有深刻的印象,從而解決了本節(jié)課第二個難點。
d.某物體沿直線向東運動,原來的速度是5m/s,2s后速度減小到3m/s,求2s內(nèi)物體速度變化。④如何探究物體作勻速圓周運動時,在Δt時間內(nèi)的速度變化?分析:有了同一直線上速度變化的鋪墊后,討論物體做勻速圓周運動速度的變化就比較自然了,為了給向心加速度方向的學習打好基礎(chǔ),可以通過小組協(xié)作,進一步完成下列思考題,使同學們認識到:時間間隔起短,速度變化的方向起接近半徑方向。(多媒體屏幕投影)a.物體沿半徑為1m的軌道做勻速圓周運動,線速度大小為,求1s內(nèi)物體速度變化并畫出1s內(nèi)速度變化的示意圖。b.分別求出上題中物體在0.5s、0.25s內(nèi)速度變化并畫出相應(yīng)的示意圖。由于沒有辦法直接利用實驗來驗證速度變化的方向,所以,我們采用提供思考題的方法,引導同學在合作學習、自主探究中完成。有了速度變化的研究為鋪墊,加速度的方向問題就迎刃而解了。
4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[歸納]1.過去將來時的基本構(gòu)成和用法過去將來時由“would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,主要表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作(尤其用于賓語從句中),還可以表示過去的動作習慣或傾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2.表示過去將來時的其他表達法(1)was/were going to+動詞原形:該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩個主要用法,一是表示過去的打算,二是表示在過去看來有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to+動詞原形:主要表示過去按計劃或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to+動詞原形:表示在過去看來即將要發(fā)生的動作,由于本身已含有“即將”的意味,所以不再與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞:表示在過去看來即將發(fā)生的動作,通常可用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞是come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬間動詞。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.