二、說教學目標 1.會認“婆、脊”等7個生字,會寫“漏、喂”等13個生字,讀準多音字“哩、旋”,能正確讀寫“里屋、莫非”等詞語。2.有感情地朗讀課文,理解課文內容,體會故事的趣味性。3.了解故事的特點,體會民間故事的魅力,并用自己的話復述課文。三、說教學重難點1.理解課文內容,找出故事中具有吸引力的情節(jié)。(重點)2.了解故事的特點,能用自己的語言把故事復述出來。(難點)四、說教法學法1.自主學習法 要求學生課前要做好預習,了解課文內容,對不認識的生字學會自己查字典,對不熟悉的詞語自己標記出來,在課堂上提出來集體討論。對課后習題在預習中要有自己的思考。 2.朗讀法 這篇課文語言幽默詼諧。要讓學生通過充分的朗讀了解故事的主要內容,體會故事的主旨,并在弄通故事大意的基礎上能用自己的話復述故事。
為了使學生能在視、聽、說、思等幾個環(huán)節(jié)中經歷學習的過程,體驗學習語文的樂趣,順利達成教學目標,我設計的教學過程如下:1.觀察交流、激發(fā)興趣、情景導入為了能讓學生更好的體會靜夜,我設計了這一環(huán)節(jié)。在上新課前一晚,布置學生去觀察夜晚的天空,然后上課時把自己觀察到夜空的內容和感受,說給同學聽,大家互相交流下。交流后引入新課:靜夜思。課題引入后,給學生解釋下課題,讓學生思考一下,詩人是在什么時候思念,又思念些什么?提問后,把遠程教育碟片切到《靜夜思》這課,讓學生欣賞課文。2.初讀古詩,整體感知,認讀生字我設計這一環(huán)節(jié),是想讓學生通過自己朗讀課文,去發(fā)現(xiàn)這課的生字,并在這環(huán)節(jié)中,要求學生利用拼音幫助自己讀準每個字,尤其是一些后鼻音,讓學生成為學習的主人。
實驗是學習生物的手段和基礎,是培養(yǎng)學生分析問題、解決問題的能力及創(chuàng)造能力的載體。新課程倡導:強調過程,強調學生探索新知識的經歷和獲得新知的體驗,不能在讓教學脫離學生的內心感受,必須讓學生追求過程的體驗。并且每年高考都有對生物學實驗的考查,而且比例越來越重,而學生的失分比例大,主要在于他們沒有完整的生物實驗設計模式,考慮問題欠缺,本節(jié)安排在第二課時完整講述高中生物學實驗設計,是以學生在第一課時和前面探究實驗接觸的前提下,完整體驗生物實驗設計模式,為后面學習探究實驗打下基礎,也為培養(yǎng)學生分析問題、解決問題從一開始就打好基礎。五、說教學過程:第一課時聯(lián)系生活,導入新課,激發(fā)學生學習興趣→細胞代謝→問題探究,酶在代謝中的作用,掌握科學實驗方法→酶的本質,運用方法,自主歸納獲取新知→小結練習,突出重點易化難點
一、對教材分析1、地位和作用課程標準對本課的基本要求是:闡明科學發(fā)展觀的涵義和說明全面建設小康社會的經濟目標,最根本的是以經濟建設為中心,不斷解放和發(fā)展社會生產力。這一課在新教材中有著重要地位,且對我們的經濟生活具有深遠的指導意義和教育意義。同時對學生樹立科學發(fā)展觀有著重要的導向作用,對學生樹立共同理想和遠大理想有著重大的影響作用。因此,本課書是新教材的教育目的和歸宿。2、教學目標(1)知識目標:了解總體小康水平的特征和全面建設小康社會的要求;理解科學發(fā)展觀的科學內涵;運用促進國民經濟又好又快發(fā)展的措施的基本要求。(2)能力目標 :能準確把握科學發(fā)展觀科學內涵的理解能力;可以運用所學知識解決現(xiàn)實問題、參與經濟生活的能力。(3)情感、態(tài)度與價值觀目標:通過總體小康社會的建設增強民族自豪感;牢固樹立科學發(fā)展觀;增強節(jié)約意識;增強參與經濟生活的自覺性。
二、相對論的創(chuàng)立【課件】展示下列材料艾伯特·愛因斯坦(1879——1955),1879年3月14日誕生在德國烏爾姆的一個猶太人家中。1894年舉家遷居意大利米蘭。1900年畢業(yè)于瑞士蘇黎世工業(yè)大學。愛因斯坦被認為是最富于創(chuàng)造力的科學家,他不但創(chuàng)立了相對論,還提出了光量子的概念,得出了光電效應的基本定律,并揭示了光的波粒二重性本質,為量子力學的建立奠定基礎。為此榮獲1921年度的諾貝爾物理學獎。同時,他還證明了熱的分子運動論,提出了測定分子大小的新方法?!締栴}】19世紀末20世紀初愛因斯坦對物理學的貢獻是什么?意義是什么?為什么會出現(xiàn)?1、背景:經典物理學的危機。19世紀末三大發(fā)現(xiàn):x射線、放射性和電子,經典力學無法解釋研究中的新問題,如:黑體輻射、光電效應等。2、相對論的提出及主要內容:(1)“狹義相對論”和光速不變原理:1905年提出。
一、教材分析(一)說本框題的地位與作用《樹立創(chuàng)新意識是唯物辯證法的要求》是人教版教材高二《生活與哲學》第三單元第十課的第一框題,該部分的內容實質上是在闡述辯證法的革命批判精神和否定之否定規(guī)律。是第三單元思想方法與創(chuàng)新意識》的重點和核心之一。學好這部分的知識對于學生進一步理解辯證法的思維方法,樹立創(chuàng)新意識起著重要的作用。(二)說教學目標根據(jù)課程標準和課改精神,在教學中確定如下三維目標:1、知識目標:辯證否定觀的內涵,辯證法的本質。辯證否定是自我否定,辯證否定觀與書本知識和權威思想的關系,辯證法的革命批判精神與創(chuàng)新意識的關系,分析辯證否定的實質是"揚棄",是既肯定又否定;既克服又保留。深刻理解辯證法的革命批判精神,分析為什么辯證法的革命批判精神同創(chuàng)新意識息息相關。
高斯(Gauss,1777-1855),德國數(shù)學家,近代數(shù)學的奠基者之一. 他在天文學、大地測量學、磁學、光學等領域都做出過杰出貢獻. 問題1:為什么1+100=2+99=…=50+51呢?這是巧合嗎?試從數(shù)列角度給出解釋.高斯的算法:(1+100)+(2+99)+…+(50+51)= 101×50=5050高斯的算法實際上解決了求等差數(shù)列:1,2,3,…,n,"… " 前100項的和問題.等差數(shù)列中,下標和相等的兩項和相等.設 an=n,則 a1=1,a2=2,a3=3,…如果數(shù)列{an} 是等差數(shù)列,p,q,s,t∈N*,且 p+q=s+t,則 ap+aq=as+at 可得:a_1+a_100=a_2+a_99=?=a_50+a_51問題2: 你能用上述方法計算1+2+3+… +101嗎?問題3: 你能計算1+2+3+… +n嗎?需要對項數(shù)的奇偶進行分類討論.當n為偶數(shù)時, S_n=(1+n)+[(2+(n-1)]+?+[(n/2+(n/2-1)]=(1+n)+(1+n)…+(1+n)=n/2 (1+n) =(n(1+n))/2當n為奇數(shù)數(shù)時, n-1為偶數(shù)
我們知道數(shù)列是一種特殊的函數(shù),在函數(shù)的研究中,我們在理解了函數(shù)的一般概念,了解了函數(shù)變化規(guī)律的研究內容(如單調性,奇偶性等)后,通過研究基本初等函數(shù)不僅加深了對函數(shù)的理解,而且掌握了冪函數(shù),指數(shù)函數(shù),對數(shù)函數(shù),三角函數(shù)等非常有用的函數(shù)模型。類似地,在了解了數(shù)列的一般概念后,我們要研究一些具有特殊變化規(guī)律的數(shù)列,建立它們的通項公式和前n項和公式,并應用它們解決實際問題和數(shù)學問題,從中感受數(shù)學模型的現(xiàn)實意義與應用,下面,我們從一類取值規(guī)律比較簡單的數(shù)列入手。新知探究1.北京天壇圜丘壇,的地面有十板布置,最中間是圓形的天心石,圍繞天心石的是9圈扇環(huán)形的石板,從內到外各圈的示板數(shù)依次為9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81 ①2.S,M,L,XL,XXL,XXXL型號的女裝上對應的尺碼分別是38,40,42,44,46,48 ②3.測量某地垂直地面方向上海拔500米以下的大氣溫度,得到從距離地面20米起每升高100米處的大氣溫度(單位℃)依次為25,24,23,22,21 ③
二、典例解析例3.某公司購置了一臺價值為220萬元的設備,隨著設備在使用過程中老化,其價值會逐年減少.經驗表明,每經過一年其價值會減少d(d為正常數(shù))萬元.已知這臺設備的使用年限為10年,超過10年 ,它的價值將低于購進價值的5%,設備將報廢.請確定d的范圍.分析:該設備使用n年后的價值構成數(shù)列{an},由題意可知,an=an-1-d (n≥2). 即:an-an-1=-d.所以{an}為公差為-d的等差數(shù)列.10年之內(含10年),該設備的價值不小于(220×5%=)11萬元;10年后,該設備的價值需小于11萬元.利用{an}的通項公式列不等式求解.解:設使用n年后,這臺設備的價值為an萬元,則可得數(shù)列{an}.由已知條件,得an=an-1-d(n≥2).所以數(shù)列{an}是一個公差為-d的等差數(shù)列.因為a1=220-d,所以an=220-d+(n-1)(-d)=220-nd. 由題意,得a10≥11,a11<11. 即:{█("220-10d≥11" @"220-11d<11" )┤解得19<d≤20.9所以,d的求值范圍為19<d≤20.9
情景導學古語云:“勤學如春起之苗,不見其增,日有所長”如果對“春起之苗”每日用精密儀器度量,則每日的高度值按日期排在一起,可組成一個數(shù)列. 那么什么叫數(shù)列呢?二、問題探究1. 王芳從一歲到17歲,每年生日那天測量身高,將這些身高數(shù)據(jù)(單位:厘米)依次排成一列數(shù):75,87,96,103,110,116,120,128,138,145,153,158,160,162,163,165,168 ①記王芳第i歲的身高為 h_i ,那么h_1=75 , h_2=87, 〖"…" ,h〗_17=168.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)h_i中的i反映了身高按歲數(shù)從1到17的順序排列時的確定位置,即h_1=75 是排在第1位的數(shù),h_2=87是排在第2位的數(shù)〖"…" ,h〗_17 =168是排在第17位的數(shù),它們之間不能交換位置,所以①具有確定順序的一列數(shù)。2. 在兩河流域發(fā)掘的一塊泥板(編號K90,約生產于公元前7世紀)上,有一列依次表示一個月中從第1天到第15天,每天月亮可見部分的數(shù):5,10,20,40,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,208,224,240. ②
課前小測1.思考辨析(1)若Sn為等差數(shù)列{an}的前n項和,則數(shù)列Snn也是等差數(shù)列.( )(2)若a1>0,d<0,則等差數(shù)列中所有正項之和最大.( )(3)在等差數(shù)列中,Sn是其前n項和,則有S2n-1=(2n-1)an.( )[答案] (1)√ (2)√ (3)√2.在項數(shù)為2n+1的等差數(shù)列中,所有奇數(shù)項的和為165,所有偶數(shù)項的和為150,則n等于( )A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12B [∵S奇S偶=n+1n,∴165150=n+1n.∴n=10.故選B項.]3.等差數(shù)列{an}中,S2=4,S4=9,則S6=________.15 [由S2,S4-S2,S6-S4成等差數(shù)列得2(S4-S2)=S2+(S6-S4)解得S6=15.]4.已知數(shù)列{an}的通項公式是an=2n-48,則Sn取得最小值時,n為________.23或24 [由an≤0即2n-48≤0得n≤24.∴所有負項的和最小,即n=23或24.]二、典例解析例8.某校新建一個報告廳,要求容納800個座位,報告廳共有20排座位,從第2排起后一排都比前一排多兩個座位. 問第1排應安排多少個座位?分析:將第1排到第20排的座位數(shù)依次排成一列,構成數(shù)列{an} ,設數(shù)列{an} 的前n項和為S_n。
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
民族精神是一個民族賴以生存和發(fā)展的精神支撐。一個民族,沒有振奮的精神和高尚的品格,不可能自立于世界民族之林?!拌F人”精神是“愛國、創(chuàng)業(yè)、求實、奉獻”的大慶精神的典型化、人格化。其主要方面包括:“為祖國分憂、為民族爭氣”的愛國主義精神;為“早日把中國石油落后的帽子甩到太平洋里去”,“寧肯少活二十年,拼命也要拿下大油田”的忘我拼搏精神;干事業(yè)“有條件要上,沒有條件創(chuàng)造條件也要上”的艱苦奮斗精神;“要為油田負責一輩子”,“干工作要經得起子孫萬代檢查”,對工作精益求精,為革命“練一身硬功夫、真本事”的科學求實精神;不計名利,不計報酬,埋頭苦干的“老黃?!本瘢坏鹊?。40多年來,“鐵人”精神早已家喻戶曉,深入人心,成為大慶人的共同理想、信念和行為準則。“鐵人”精神是對王進喜崇高思想、優(yōu)秀品德的高度概括,體現(xiàn)了我國工人階級精神風貌和中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德的完美結合?!拌F人”精神是戰(zhàn)勝困難、勇往直前、不斷取得新勝利的巨大精神力量?!拌F人”精神是我們強大的精神支柱。
【教學目標】知識與技能:了解我國不同等級城市的劃分,并理論聯(lián)系實際辨別現(xiàn)實社會的城市等級運用有關原理,說明不同等級城市服務范圍的差異。了解城市服務范圍與地理位置的關系。掌握不同等級城市的分布特點了解稱城市六邊形理論,并能用其解釋荷蘭圩田居民點設置問題過程與方法:通過對棗強鎮(zhèn)及上海城市等級演化分布的學習,掌握不同等級城市城市服務范圍與功能以及城市等級提高的基本條件通過對德國城市分布案例的學習,總結歸納出不同等級城市分布規(guī)律通過城市六邊形理論的學習,學會分析城市居民點布局等現(xiàn)實問題情感態(tài)度與價值觀:通過學生對我國不同等級城市(經濟、人口、交通、服務種類)等相關資料的搜集,讓學生關心我國基本地理國情,增強熱愛祖國的情感。養(yǎng)成求真、求實的科學態(tài)度,提高地理審美情趣。
三、說教法考慮到一年級學生的現(xiàn)狀,我主要采取設置情景教學法,讓學生積極主動地參與到教學活動中來,使他們在活動中得到認識和體驗,產生踐行的愿望。培養(yǎng)學生將課堂教學和自己的經驗結合起來,引導學生主動去發(fā)現(xiàn)周邊的客觀事物。基于本課題的特點,我主要采用了以下的教學方法:直觀演示法:利用圖片等手段進行直觀演示,激發(fā)學生的學習興趣,活躍課堂氣氛,促進學生對知識的掌握。四、說學法在整堂課教學,讓學生在聲情并茂的朗讀中感受文本的美,早讀中識字,在讀中感悟,在讀中積累、內化,在讀中訓練語言,來培養(yǎng)學生的朗讀能力,表演能力也拓展了學生的思維能力,還培養(yǎng)了學生的自信心和主動探索、團結合作、勇于創(chuàng)新的精神。激發(fā)他們的情感,讓他們在自主,合作,探究中學習語文,從中感受到學習語文的樂趣,更喜歡學習語文。五、說教學過程在這節(jié)課的教學過程中,我注重突出重點,條理清晰,緊湊合理,各項活動的安排也注重互動、交流,最大限度的調動學生參與課堂的積極性、主動性。