Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
1.說教材《記念劉和珍君》是魯迅先生用飽醮著熱淚,用悲憤的筆調(diào)寫下的一篇感人至深的散文,既有對(duì)愛國青年沉痛的悼念,又有對(duì)反動(dòng)派憤怒的控訴,也有對(duì)覺醒的國民的吶喊。《記念劉和珍君》是高中語文必修1第三單元第一課的講讀課文。文中描摹人物的音容笑貌,敘述人物的行為事跡,都融入了作者真摯的情感和深刻的感悟。對(duì)學(xué)生明辨是非,領(lǐng)悟時(shí)代精神和人生意義,有著重要的作用。新課標(biāo)強(qiáng)調(diào)了要全面提升高中學(xué)生的語文素養(yǎng),初步形成正確的世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀,并學(xué)會(huì)收集、判斷、處理信息,具有人文素養(yǎng)、創(chuàng)新精神與實(shí)踐能力。同時(shí),《記念劉和珍君》感情真摯,感悟深刻,具有典型人文性。結(jié)合本單元教學(xué)目標(biāo),確立教學(xué)目標(biāo)如下。
4、學(xué)習(xí)全詞:(1)背景介紹,讓學(xué)生看課文中的年代,然后讓學(xué)生回憶1925年的毛澤東的情況,老師適當(dāng)提示,讓學(xué)生了解其背景。(出示幻燈片)(2)學(xué)生自由朗讀,結(jié)合注釋和背景理解詩詞。(3)師生共同理解全詞①先讓學(xué)生齊讀前三句,思考正確的語序,并用正常的語序解釋。②品味第三到第十句,這里是教學(xué)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),要讓學(xué)生先讀,再理解,在此基礎(chǔ)上訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的想象能力。③分析上闕中的最后三句。④小結(jié)上闕。提出了一個(gè)問題“誰主沉浮”讓學(xué)生在文中找內(nèi)容回答,然后轉(zhuǎn)入下闕內(nèi)容的分析。⑤分析下闕內(nèi)容,回答“誰主沉浮”的問題,突出本文主旨5、描繪詩詞形象:學(xué)生用自己的語言把上闕的內(nèi)容生動(dòng)地描繪出來。6、欣賞學(xué)生優(yōu)秀作品。(根據(jù)時(shí)間具體而定,也可以作為課后作業(yè))
四、教學(xué)方法和學(xué)法。課前學(xué)生搜集有關(guān)《詩經(jīng)》的資料必不可少。另外,時(shí)隔數(shù)千年,年代久遠(yuǎn),文字的障礙很大,然而,過分糾纏于文字的疏通會(huì)破壞詩歌的“氣”,喪失詩歌的“神”,所以在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),應(yīng)舍去條分縷析的理論評(píng)價(jià),指導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合注釋疏通文字,然后引領(lǐng)他們經(jīng)由文字再現(xiàn)形象和事件,經(jīng)由形象和事件領(lǐng)略情感,感受其中濃濃的詩情。誦讀的環(huán)節(jié)是重要的,配以二胡獨(dú)奏《長相思》,營造意境,學(xué)生沉浸在音樂營造的意境中反復(fù)吟詠,讀出節(jié)奏,讀出音調(diào),讀出感情,細(xì)細(xì)體味,讓或優(yōu)或喜的情愫縈繞心間,我們就觸到了先民的靈魂。比興手法為《詩經(jīng)》獨(dú)創(chuàng),重章疊句同樣別致而新鮮,教學(xué)過程中結(jié)合具體語境讓學(xué)生自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行討論,不搞枯燥的知識(shí)傳授。還引入講故事、改寫兩種活潑的學(xué)習(xí)形式,從而達(dá)到加深理解的目的。
(二)分析課文,理清思路第1、2段為第一部分,主要是敘事、寫景,先敘述集會(huì)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),然后渲染出蘭亭優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境。在這里足以“游目騁懷”“極視聽之娛”,可以自由地觀察、思考,滿足人們目視耳聞的需求。這里正是與會(huì)“暢敘幽情”、盡興盡歡的絕好處所。這些描寫都富有詩情畫意,作者的情感是輕松愉快的。第3、4段為第二部分,主要是抒情、議論,作者由美景妙時(shí)引發(fā)出樂與憂、生與死的感慨。他認(rèn)為人生的快樂是有極限的,待快樂得到滿足時(shí),就會(huì)感覺興味索然。往事轉(zhuǎn)眼間便成為歷史,人到了生命的盡頭就會(huì)死亡。作者由“一死生為虛誕,齊彭殤為妄作”的認(rèn)識(shí),產(chǎn)生了一種珍惜時(shí)間、眷戀生活、熱愛文明的思考。雖然文中的壽夭、生死不能自由決定,從而有些傷感,但作者仍然認(rèn)識(shí)到盛衰、生死是必然的。人生無常,時(shí)不我待,故著文留傳后世,以承襲前人,啟示來者。
[教學(xué)反思]人教版高中語文必修二第三單元安排了《蘭亭集序》《赤壁賦》《游褒禪山記》三篇古代山水游記散文,它們借游賞之事,探索生命的意義、治學(xué)的道理。師者,所以傳道、授業(yè)、解惑也。高中的教材選用的都是歷史經(jīng)典名篇,每一篇都閃爍著儒道釋等百家光輝的思想。編者要老師傳道的意圖很明顯。即非如此,看著這些影響歷代、影響世界的如日月之耀眼光華的偉大思想就躺在我們的教科書里,又如何能不講呢?所以,我將本課的教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)擬定為:幫助學(xué)生建立積極的生死觀,掌握多角度看問題的正確的思想方法。當(dāng)然,也讓學(xué)生領(lǐng)會(huì)了融寫景、抒情、說理于一爐的大家手法。整堂課各教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),環(huán)環(huán)相扣,過渡自然,讀、思、議、寫訓(xùn)練到位,而且全部圍繞“生死觀”展開,如一篇形散神不散的散文。
請(qǐng)一位朗誦水平較好的學(xué)生,有感情的朗讀課文12自然段,其他同學(xué)完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù):這一段可否去掉?為什么?學(xué)生思考、圈畫、交流、討論,然后小組發(fā)言,其他小組補(bǔ)充,教師從旁予以點(diǎn)撥,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步明確作者的思想情感。明確:作者要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一種文化氛圍,于自然氣息之外再添一重文化氣息,與“故都”題旨暗合。從行文章法上看,這里是宕開文筆,縱橫議論,顯出深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)和開闊的思路。這一段采用議論,通過古今中外的引證,說明感秋處處有,中國文人最突出,而秋“深味”非在中國北方莫屬,這其實(shí)還是為了突出故都之秋。(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:提高學(xué)生探究的能力,充分把握本文的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,深刻體悟作者的情感,了解作者對(duì)秋的禮贊情感,從而突破教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。)
一. 教材分析1. 本單元的中心話題是“計(jì)算機(jī)(Computers)”,內(nèi)容涉及計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史,計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用等。本節(jié)課是該單元的第一課時(shí),我將Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending這四部分整合為一節(jié)精讀課。其中。Reading部分是題為WHO AM I?的文章,以第一人稱的擬人手法介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)長演變的歷史和計(jì)算機(jī)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,其主旨是表達(dá)計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展變化之快以及在生活中用途之廣。而Warming up部分以圖片的形式展現(xiàn)了計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程;Pre-reading中的問題和排序分別是為了預(yù)測語篇的內(nèi)容和測試學(xué)生對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)歷史了解的情況;Comprehending則通過各項(xiàng)練習(xí)訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的閱讀技能,從而加深對(duì)文章的理解??梢娺@幾部分是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。2. 教學(xué)目標(biāo):1) 語言目標(biāo):重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語:abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重點(diǎn)句子:a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
3、拓展延伸,啟迪心智,創(chuàng)設(shè)課堂訓(xùn)練營。三、說學(xué)法1、紙上得來終覺淺,圈點(diǎn)、勾畫、批注法,學(xué)好文言基本功。2、自主合作加探究,眼耳口腦手并用,破疑解難在其中。四、說課時(shí)安排《鴻門宴》篇幅較長,文言知識(shí)較豐富,文章內(nèi)涵豐厚,因此我設(shè)計(jì)用五課時(shí)教學(xué)本文。第一課時(shí):了解作家作品,積累文言知識(shí),感受作者隱忍發(fā)憤的著書精神(初讀)第二課時(shí):理清故事情節(jié),概括人物形象,學(xué)習(xí)客觀地評(píng)論歷史人物,(熟讀)第三課時(shí):進(jìn)一步梳理文言知識(shí),精讀課文,要求讀透。(精讀)第四課時(shí):通過對(duì)人物、事件的賞析,加深學(xué)生對(duì)人物的理解,鍛煉學(xué)生的開放性思維,由學(xué)生自主認(rèn)識(shí)到人物的性格,悲劇的原因等問題。(賞讀)第五課時(shí):補(bǔ)充課本教學(xué)內(nèi)容:同學(xué)生一起閱讀古今關(guān)于劉邦項(xiàng)羽的一些篇章:讓學(xué)生投入進(jìn)來,把握自己眼中的項(xiàng)羽。(展讀)在文言文學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,采取五步學(xué)習(xí)法:初讀-熟讀-精讀-賞讀-展讀(板書)
一.教材理解教材地位與作用:本單元“閱讀與鑒賞”部分,本單元要求學(xué)生能在了解詩歌創(chuàng)作的時(shí)代背景的情況下通過反復(fù)誦讀詩歌,把握其中豐富的意象,領(lǐng)悟詩歌獨(dú)特的意境和詩人所要表達(dá)的情感?!队晗铩肥乾F(xiàn)代派大師戴望舒的成名作和前期的代表作,他曾因此而贏得了“雨巷詩人”的雅號(hào)。本單元以《雨巷》為例子給學(xué)生展示了象征主義詩歌的特點(diǎn),《雨巷》運(yùn)用了象征性的抒情手法。詩中那狹窄陰沉的雨巷,在雨巷中徘徊的獨(dú)行者,以及那個(gè)像丁香一樣結(jié)著愁怨的姑娘,都是象征性的意象。這些意象又共同構(gòu)成了一種象征性的意境,含蓄地暗示出作者即迷惘感傷又有期待的情懷,并給人一種朦朧而又幽深的美感。富于音樂性是《雨巷》的另一個(gè)突出的藝術(shù)特色。詩中運(yùn)用了復(fù)沓、疊句、重唱等手法,造成了回環(huán)往復(fù)的旋律和宛轉(zhuǎn)悅耳的樂感。因此我把本課的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)確定為:教學(xué)重點(diǎn):通過反復(fù)誦讀,領(lǐng)略詩歌的音樂美以及分析其成因教學(xué)難點(diǎn):分析意象以及其象征意義初步掌握鑒賞詩歌的方法
學(xué)法指導(dǎo):高一學(xué)生對(duì)文言文閱讀已具備了一些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和積累,但對(duì)如何學(xué)習(xí)文言文,還是一個(gè)新課題,因此教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法,運(yùn)用已有的知識(shí)框架同化新信息,建立新的智能,逐步走向獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)的境界。一、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用課文注釋,使用工具書自己翻譯,必要時(shí)教師進(jìn)行點(diǎn)撥、解難,培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力。二、告訴學(xué)生翻譯文言文要遵循的原則。三、調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生思考、討論、交流的積極性,教師適時(shí)點(diǎn)撥,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題的能力。四、提示學(xué)生反復(fù)誦讀課文,體會(huì)文章所闡述的道理。五、鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生及時(shí)歸納學(xué)習(xí)文言文的方法,注意積累文言文知識(shí)。教學(xué)程序:教學(xué)本課可安排2課時(shí)。第一課時(shí):1、導(dǎo)入新課:首先給學(xué)生介紹毛澤東的七絕詩《為李進(jìn)同志題所攝廬山仙人洞照》:“暮色蒼??磩潘桑瑏y云飛渡仍從容。天生一個(gè)仙人洞,無限風(fēng)光在險(xiǎn)峰?!睂W(xué)生通過誦讀領(lǐng)會(huì)了“無限風(fēng)光在險(xiǎn)峰”一句的含義。隨后因勢(shì)利導(dǎo),引出課題,指出今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)的王安石的《游褒禪山記》,就含有類似的深邃哲理。
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
五、說學(xué)情小學(xué)六年級(jí)的學(xué)生已具備初步的邏輯思維能力,但仍以形象思維為主,教材在小學(xué)中年級(jí)的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中,已經(jīng)逐漸借助推理與知識(shí)遷移來完成,并結(jié)合教材挖掘、創(chuàng)造條件開始滲透數(shù)形結(jié)合思想。進(jìn)入中高年級(jí)后,學(xué)生邏輯思維能力已有一定發(fā)展,為了使學(xué)生更直觀的理解知識(shí),同時(shí)又滿足學(xué)生邏輯思維能力的發(fā)展,因此本節(jié)教材在編排上體現(xiàn)了先“數(shù)”后“形”的順序,把形象真正放在“支撐”地位,從而為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的邏輯能力而服務(wù)。六、說教法學(xué)法為了在教學(xué)過程中充分體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的主體地位和教師的主導(dǎo)作用,本節(jié)采用教師引導(dǎo)和學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合的方法,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生積極探索和團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作的精神,同時(shí)采用PPT課件直觀形象的演示功能,強(qiáng)化理解,突破重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)并調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性。1.將問題直接呈現(xiàn)在學(xué)生面前,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)題目的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行理解,在明確了題目的要求之后,教師把時(shí)間還給學(xué)生,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主思考問題,通過具體形象教具的支撐幫助學(xué)生發(fā)展規(guī)律。2.利用小組合作學(xué)習(xí),在合作交流中通過看一看,議一議,借助直觀教具發(fā)現(xiàn)理解規(guī)律。3.利用微課對(duì)差生進(jìn)行“補(bǔ)學(xué)”。在學(xué)生探究匯報(bào)之后,針對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)有困難的學(xué)生利用微課視頻直觀鞏固知識(shí)。
(五)課前準(zhǔn)備: 1、鋪墊:讓學(xué)生和家長一起收集歷代有關(guān)合理安排的故事。 2、教具準(zhǔn)備:圓形卡片、工序卡片、記錄表格和多媒體課件等。 學(xué)具準(zhǔn)備:讓學(xué)生以小組為單位制作好圖形卡片和工序卡片。 二、說教法和學(xué)法 在教學(xué)方法上,為了使學(xué)生能輕松、愉快地理解優(yōu)化思想,根據(jù)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律,在本課的設(shè)計(jì)中,我使用了演示法和實(shí)驗(yàn)法,通過課件的情境演示和實(shí)物的操作為學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,讓學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考,然后動(dòng)手操作,互相交流,最后找出最優(yōu)方案的方式組織教學(xué)。 在學(xué)法方面,我設(shè)計(jì)了一系列貼近學(xué)生生活實(shí)際和年齡特點(diǎn)的教學(xué)活動(dòng),在這些活動(dòng)中,著重以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用自主探究、合作探究兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式交替學(xué)習(xí),讓他們真正以課堂的身份參與全程。并培養(yǎng)他們收集數(shù)據(jù)和分析處理數(shù)據(jù)的能力。
第一個(gè)板塊是“腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎”,激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣。目的有兩個(gè):一是拉近與學(xué)生的距離,二是為本節(jié)課做鋪墊。第二板塊是自主探究,優(yōu)化策略。這一部分內(nèi)容通過“操作感悟——抽象內(nèi)化——鞏固應(yīng)用”三個(gè)片段,使學(xué)生在教師的點(diǎn)撥引導(dǎo)下,沿以下四個(gè)步驟:“一張和兩張餅的烙法(基礎(chǔ))→三張餅的最佳烙法(難點(diǎn))→雙數(shù)餅、單數(shù)餅的烙法(提升)→最佳方案、雙數(shù)餅:兩張兩張烙;單數(shù)餅:兩張兩張烙+最后3張餅交叉烙(優(yōu)化)進(jìn)行探究。1、探索烙3張餅的最少時(shí)間是本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn),優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)思想只能是“滲透”而不能“明透”,也就是說只能讓學(xué)生在潛移默化的過程中理解,而不能僅僅靠傳授。因此,本課中蓄勢(shì)----為探索最佳方法打基礎(chǔ)的方法,自認(rèn)為運(yùn)用得恰到好處。例如,圍繞“烙2張餅最少要花6分,為什么烙1張餅與2張餅所用的時(shí)間一樣多呢?你們是怎么想的?”這個(gè)問題,讓學(xué)生體會(huì)烙2張餅是用足了空間,而烙1張餅浪費(fèi)了空間和時(shí)間,為探索烙3張餅埋下了伏筆。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1.讓學(xué)生自主探索小數(shù)加、減法的計(jì)算方法,理解計(jì)算的算理并能正確地進(jìn)行加、減運(yùn)算及混合運(yùn)算。2.使學(xué)生理解整數(shù)運(yùn)算定律對(duì)于小數(shù)同樣適用,并會(huì)運(yùn)用這些定律進(jìn)行一些小數(shù)的簡便計(jì)算,進(jìn)一步發(fā)展學(xué)生的數(shù)感。3.使學(xué)生體會(huì)小數(shù)加、減運(yùn)算在生活、學(xué)習(xí)中的廣泛應(yīng)用,提高小數(shù)加、減計(jì)算能力的自覺性。教學(xué)重難點(diǎn):(一)理解小數(shù)加、減法的算理,掌握其計(jì)算法則是教學(xué)重點(diǎn).(二)位數(shù)不同的小數(shù)加、減法計(jì)算,是學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn).第一課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、讓學(xué)生生自主探索小數(shù)的加、減法的計(jì)算方法,理解計(jì)算的算理并能正確地進(jìn)行加、減及混合運(yùn)算。2、使學(xué)生體會(huì)小數(shù)加減運(yùn)算在生活、學(xué)習(xí)中的廣泛應(yīng)用,體會(huì)數(shù)學(xué)的工具性作用。3、激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)小數(shù)加減法的興趣,涌動(dòng)長大后也要為國爭光的豪情,提高學(xué)習(xí)的主動(dòng)性和自覺性。
用米作單位,用分?jǐn)?shù)怎么表示呢?(1/10米)師:1/10米也可以寫成0.1米。師:請(qǐng)同學(xué)們看米尺,從0到30,從0到70,應(yīng)該是幾分米,十分之幾米?用小數(shù)怎樣表示呢?可先和同桌商量商量。學(xué)生同桌討論后反饋師根據(jù)反饋結(jié)果提問:請(qǐng)同學(xué)觀察一下1/10米和0.1米,3/10米和0.3米,7/10米和0.7米之間有什么關(guān)系?隨學(xué)生的回答出示1/10米=0.1米 3/10米=0.3米 7/10米=0.7米。再讓學(xué)生觀察上面的等式,四人小組討論你發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?使學(xué)生通過討論明確:分母是10的分?jǐn)?shù)可以寫成一位小數(shù),一位小數(shù)表示十分之幾。2、 認(rèn)識(shí)兩位小數(shù) 、三位小數(shù)師:我們已經(jīng)知道了一位小數(shù)表示十分之幾,那么請(qǐng)同學(xué)猜一猜兩位小數(shù)與什么樣的分?jǐn)?shù)有關(guān)?三位小數(shù)與什么樣的分?jǐn)?shù)有關(guān)?(具體的步驟和前面相似)讓學(xué)生根據(jù)一位小數(shù)表示十分之幾,猜想出兩位小數(shù)和什么樣的分?jǐn)?shù)有關(guān)?有意識(shí)地促進(jìn)“遷移”,使學(xué)生在學(xué)會(huì)的同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)能力也得到提高。關(guān)于計(jì)數(shù)單位的教學(xué)我個(gè)人認(rèn)為還是放到52頁小數(shù)數(shù)位順序表這里教學(xué)比較妥當(dāng)。