3、清代的“閉關(guān)鎖國”政策:(1)原因:①根本原因:自給自足的封建自然經(jīng)濟(jì);②客觀原因:西方殖民者向東方殖民擴(kuò)張;③直接原因:對付東南沿海人民的抗清斗爭(2)內(nèi)容:嚴(yán)格限制對外貿(mào)易。但并不是禁絕海外貿(mào)易。康熙晚期,禁止商人前往南洋貿(mào)易;乾隆時只開廣州一處通商,并設(shè)立政府特許的貿(mào)易機(jī)構(gòu)廣州“十三行”統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營管理對外貿(mào)易。(3)后果:①閉關(guān)鎖國政策妨礙了海外市場的開拓,抑制了資本的原始積累,從而阻礙了資本主義萌芽的發(fā)展。②閉關(guān)鎖國政策隔絕了中國與外界的聯(lián)系,從而阻斷了中國學(xué)習(xí)西方的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù),阻礙了生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,使中國落后于世界潮流。③“閉關(guān)鎖國”政策在一定程度上也保護(hù)了國家的安全。教師可以設(shè)置問題:17-18世紀(jì)中國顯露出哪些危機(jī)?
1、教材的地位作用本課是新人教版普通高中歷史必修Ⅱ第六單元第18課的內(nèi)容,闡述羅斯福新政的背景、措施、影響。從單元知識安排看,本課與第17課《空前嚴(yán)重的資本主義世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)》、19課《戰(zhàn)后資本主義的新變化》共同詮釋第六單元課題——《資本主義世界經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的調(diào)整》。說明了“資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和政策隨著資本主義發(fā)展而不斷調(diào)整的特點(diǎn)”,凸顯了“市場調(diào)節(jié)”和“國家干預(yù)”在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的重要性。從知識體系看,它是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了第一次工業(yè)革命后自由資本主義、第二次工業(yè)革命后的壟斷資本主義等之后出現(xiàn)的,既是對上述知識的鞏固與綜合運(yùn)用,又為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)必修二的相關(guān)內(nèi)容打下基礎(chǔ),有承上啟下的作用。本課三個子目從邏輯上看又是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。第一個子目“臨危受命”承上啟下,說明了羅斯福上臺的歷史背景具有臨危受命的特點(diǎn),第二個子目“實(shí)施新政”講述了羅斯福新政的主要內(nèi)容,第三個子目“擺托危機(jī)困境”主要講述了羅斯福新政的影響。
一、說教材《開辟新航路》是高中《歷史·必修二》第5課的內(nèi)容。從三個方面向?qū)W生介紹了歐洲人開辟新航路的歷史:即新航路開辟的原因和條件、新航路開辟經(jīng)過以及影響。前4課內(nèi)容介紹了古代中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)與特點(diǎn),從第5課開始學(xué)習(xí)資本主義世界市場的形成和發(fā)展。本課內(nèi)容相當(dāng)重要,上承古代中國,下啟近代世界。新航路的開辟,打破了世界相對隔絕的狀態(tài),世界真正開始融合為一個整體。從此,以西歐為中心的世界市場的雛形開始出現(xiàn)。隨后的殖民擴(kuò)張,世界市場拓展;第一次工業(yè)革命,世界市場基本形成;第二次工業(yè)革命,世界市場發(fā)展。二、說目標(biāo)1、課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)概述迪亞士、哥倫布開辟新航路的史實(shí),認(rèn)識地理大發(fā)現(xiàn)對世界市場形成的意義。2、三維目標(biāo)①知識與能力:掌握新航路開辟的原因、經(jīng)過、影響。②過程與方法:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析原因及影響,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析和歸納問題的能力。③情感態(tài)度與價值觀:A、通過對新航路開辟過程的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生感受和學(xué)習(xí)探險家們勇于進(jìn)取的開拓精神。B、通過學(xué)習(xí)新航路開辟的影響,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識新航路開辟促進(jìn)了人類社會的整體發(fā)展。
環(huán)節(jié)三情景模擬 情感升華首先:1、本課開始觀看的視頻中:選出村長體現(xiàn)了村民參加選舉的什么態(tài)度?生活中一些人“多我一票不多,少我一票不少,選舉與我無關(guān)"的想法2、你如何看待上述兩種不同態(tài)度?為什么?發(fā)表你的看法【教師這個過程中點(diǎn)撥、引導(dǎo)】如果我們都不珍惜自己的選舉權(quán),那么我們的國家將會出現(xiàn)什么后果?3、那么作為將來選民和被選舉人,你們認(rèn)為應(yīng)具有那些政治素養(yǎng)才能適應(yīng)?學(xué)生結(jié)合教材思考(1)(提示)不行使或不認(rèn)真行使自己的選舉權(quán),意味著我們將不能選舉出能為人民謀福利的當(dāng)家人,意味著我們的國家將由重蹈舊中國的覆轍。(2)從態(tài)度上講:公民應(yīng)積極參加選舉,認(rèn)真行使這一權(quán)利,不斷增強(qiáng)公民意識和主人翁意識,增強(qiáng)公民的參與感和責(zé)任感。(3)從能力上講:要不斷提高公民的政治參與能力(政治素質(zhì)、文化素質(zhì)、議政能力),在周全考慮、理性判斷的基礎(chǔ)上,鄭重地投出自己的一票。
1.必須明確政治生活的作用 (政治生活與經(jīng)濟(jì)生活、文化生活是相輔相成的。政治生活直接影響到人民民主的實(shí)現(xiàn)程度,影響全體人民利益,也會影響我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活、文化生活。)2.需要學(xué)習(xí)政治知識 (5個有助于)3.需要參加政治實(shí)踐活動。 (參加政治實(shí)踐的途徑;參加政治實(shí)踐的意義)(通過情景問題,形成學(xué)生如何參與政治生活的方法;通過解決問題,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決問題的能力和發(fā)散思維的能力。)環(huán)節(jié)四 課堂小結(jié) 鞏固知識本節(jié)課我采用線索性的板書,整個知識結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然,為了充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生在課堂的主體地位,我將課堂小結(jié)交由學(xué)生完成,請學(xué)生根據(jù)課堂學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,結(jié)合我的板書設(shè)計(jì)來進(jìn)行小結(jié),以此來幫助教師在第一時間掌握學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)信息的反饋,同時培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納分析能力、概括能力。
環(huán)節(jié)四 模擬演練 情感升華我將讓同學(xué)們閱讀課本22頁的材料,并按照所提供的步驟,組織學(xué)生舉辦一次模擬聽證會,將學(xué)生分為四個小組,分別扮演教育局工作人員、人大代表、學(xué)生家長、學(xué)校校長的角色。待學(xué)生們模擬聽證會結(jié)束后,我將采訪學(xué)生,讓他們談?wù)剠⒓油曷犠C會后的感受,從而利用角色感悟總結(jié)落實(shí)民主決策的重大意義。這樣,學(xué)生們在模擬演練中,感悟公民要通過各種渠道參與民主決策,是推進(jìn)決策科學(xué)化、民主化的重要環(huán)節(jié)。為學(xué)生將來參與政治生活積累經(jīng)驗(yàn),增強(qiáng)了學(xué)生的主人翁意識和社會責(zé)任感。環(huán)節(jié)五 課堂小結(jié) 課后延伸我將用多媒體展示本節(jié)課的知識框架,并注重引導(dǎo)學(xué)生將今天所學(xué)新知識與前面知識聯(lián)系起來,幫助學(xué)生從宏觀上把握各知識點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系,有利于學(xué)生理解記憶。另外,適當(dāng)?shù)恼n堂練習(xí)能檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生掌握知識的情況,因此,課堂小結(jié)后我將讓學(xué)生做一些典型的練習(xí),加深學(xué)生對本課知識的理解,同時為為下一課的學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備。
解析:材料是講學(xué)習(xí)型社會所產(chǎn)生的影響,A項(xiàng)觀點(diǎn)錯誤,在當(dāng)前和今后相當(dāng)長的時間里,學(xué)校教育仍然是人們獲得知識的最重要的途徑。B項(xiàng)觀點(diǎn)錯誤,終身學(xué)習(xí)只是成就人生目的的手段、途徑,而不是目的本身。D項(xiàng)說法錯誤,當(dāng)前我國社會的中心工作是經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)。二、問答題5.材料一:日本是公認(rèn)的漫畫大國,日本的動漫產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值每年230萬億日元,成為日本的第二大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。在日本,漫畫比電影、小說有時甚至比電視或音樂更受歡迎。日本漫畫的熱潮還席卷了世界:日本每年出口到美國的卡通片價值就達(dá)5 000億日元,是日本對美國鋼鐵出口金額的4倍;漫畫中的人物被迅速復(fù)制成電子游戲、卡通片及真人演出的節(jié)目。原來只是閑暇時候消遣的漫畫,正飛速滲透到人們的生活中。值得警惕的是,除了催人奮進(jìn)的精華之外,日本漫畫中也存在暴力、色情、扭曲歷史等諸多糟粕,對缺乏辨別能力的青少年產(chǎn)生了許多不良影響,更引發(fā)了一系列深刻的社會問題。
預(yù)測回答:成龍?jiān)谟耙暎湫g(shù)方面的價值,對于某個人,某個集團(tuán)的價值。知識引導(dǎo):人的價值體現(xiàn)在多方面的,可以是物質(zhì)方面,也可以是精神方面,可以是對某個人或某個集團(tuán)的價值,也可以是對人類和社會的價值。設(shè)置目的:從學(xué)生感興趣的人物入手,分析對人的價值的評價。讓學(xué)生自己分析總結(jié),體現(xiàn)學(xué)生在新課改下的主體地位。從上述事例中我們可以看出人的價值是什么?如何評價?(學(xué)生活動)2.人的價值:在于創(chuàng)造價值,在于對社會的責(zé)任和貢獻(xiàn),即通過自己的活動滿足自己所屬的社會、他人以及自己的需要。(幻燈片顯示)3.人的價值評價:看他的貢獻(xiàn),最根本的是對社會發(fā)展和人類進(jìn)步事業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)。(幻燈片顯示)老師總結(jié):對社會的貢獻(xiàn)并不是高高在上,不可觸及。只要是做自己該做的事,從身邊的小事做起,普普通通的勞動就是貢獻(xiàn)社會和他人。學(xué)生歸納:人生價值原理二、價值觀的導(dǎo)向作用(板書)1.價值觀的含義人們在認(rèn)識各種具體事物的價值的基礎(chǔ)上,形成對事物價值的總的看法和根本觀點(diǎn)。
二、學(xué)生情況分析(說學(xué)法)1、學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)分析:學(xué)生通過對《生活與哲學(xué)》前面三個單元的學(xué)習(xí),初步掌握了運(yùn)用唯物論、辯證法、認(rèn)識論的觀點(diǎn)去認(rèn)識問題、分析問題的能力;再通過對第十一課的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生對馬克思主義的歷史觀有了初步的理解,初步樹立了正確的理想信念,這為本課教學(xué)目標(biāo)的落實(shí)奠定了知識基礎(chǔ)。 2、學(xué)生能力分析 :高二學(xué)生擁有一定生活體驗(yàn),具備一定的信息收集和篩選能力、閱讀能力、語言表達(dá)能力、對問題的一定的探究能力,同伴合作能力和具備初步邏輯思維能力。3、學(xué)生心理分析:在我國現(xiàn)階段,以為人民服務(wù)為核心的社會主義道德建設(shè)過程中涌現(xiàn)了大批的先進(jìn)人物和道德典范,但同時由于社會價值的多元化,個人主義、享樂主義、拜金主義等資本主義腐朽思想也同樣在影響著當(dāng)代的中學(xué)生。
Purpose of my design:To ask the students to do these two tasks will make the Ss predict the story of this passage. As a result, it will deepen Ss’ memory of this story because they will have their own understanding of this story.Step 3. While-readingTask 1. (Individual work _____min)Skimming: ask students to skim the text and the main ideas of each paragraph in this passage. Please read it quickly and then match the sentences with the letters.Task 2. (Individual work _____min)Scanning: read the text quickly and decide the whether the following statements are true or false and give reasons.Task 3. (Pair work _____min)Listen to the tape and fill in the banks. Then read the paragraph with expression to your partner.Task4 (individual work min)Listen to the tape again and write down the main idea in one sentence.Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trainedStep 4. Post-readingTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; _____min)Discussion (group of 4):1. If you were Hippomenes, would you run against Atlanta?2. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? Why or why not?Step 5. HomeworkPlease read the story again carefully after class and imagine: What will happen during the race between Hippomenes and Atlanta? Who do you think will win the race? Do you think Atlanta would marry Hippomenes? Write an end for the story with thses questions.Purpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.Part 5 Blackboard design
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Teaching plan for Unit 1 book3Good morning, teachers. It’s my great pleasure to be here because I can share my lesson with you and I can learn a lot from it. I’ll begin my lesson from the following four parts, the teaching material, the teaching methods, the studying methods and the teaching procedure.Firstly, let me talk about the teaching material. The content of my lesson is the reading passage festivals and celebrations of Unit 1 Festivals around the world. This passage is about festivals and celebrations. By studying this passage, we’ll enable the students to know that festivals exit everywhere, and many of festivals in different countries celebrate similar ideas. As we all know, the reading passage is the center of each unit. If the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.After studying the teaching material, I think the teaching aims are as the followings:1. Knowledge aims:(1) The Ss can master the usage of the important words andexpressions.(2)The Ss can use the __________________ (grammar) in the proper situation.Make students know about the festivals all over the world and the detail of the festivals, such as origin, content, and the date of the holiday festivals.2. Ability aims:(1) Students can talk about festivals and celebrations in English(2) To improve the student’s reading ability, especially their skimming and scanning ability.3. Emotion aims:Make the Ss know about the foreign festivals, and respect other countries’ custom.Next, let’s come to the important points and the difficult points.The important point is how to make the Ss understand the text better and the difficult point is how can they talk about it. secondly, Teaching Methods:1. task-based Language Teaching2. Computer assisted language teaching.3. question-and–answer methodThirdly, Studying Methods:
通過寫文章梗概,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力,學(xué)習(xí)用恰當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z描述科學(xué)家的故事。這是本課的教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。教師可以使用完形填空的方式來幫助學(xué)生整理語篇,從而來降低難度。本課的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)的突破方法是:在閱讀前,讓學(xué)生初步了解得出科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)所需要的基本程序,從而輕松而自然地導(dǎo)入文章的閱讀;在閱讀過程中,由易到難設(shè)計(jì)快速閱讀和精讀的問題,層層推進(jìn)各種閱讀活動,讓學(xué)生對閱讀內(nèi)容從整體感知到細(xì)節(jié)理解,最后深層讀懂整篇文章,同時加強(qiáng)閱讀策略的指導(dǎo),讓每個學(xué)生都主動參與課堂教學(xué)活動,最終達(dá)到提高閱讀能力的目的。Step 4 Post-readingGroup Activities四人小組共同合作,在老師的適當(dāng)指導(dǎo)下,就以下2個問題展開討論,讓學(xué)生就所知、所學(xué)、所感和所想融入話題,然后抽若干同學(xué)代表作小組發(fā)言。1. What do you think about John Snow, and what should we learn from him?2. Cholera was 19th century disease, which two diseases are similar to cholera today? Why?
Teaching Aims:Knowledge 1. Get the students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this section. Aims:2. Let the students learn about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.1. Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different Ability reading skills. Aims:2. Enable students to learn to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack Emotional 1. Let students know more about the UK2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning Aims:Teaching Important Points:1. Let the students learn about the countries of the United Kingdom and the Union Jack2. Get the students to read the passage and know about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.3. Have the students learn different reading skills.Teaching Difficult Ponts:1. Develop students’ reading ability.2. Enable students to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack.3. Let students learn how the UK was formed geographically and historically.Teaching Methods:Showing pictures, asking, exercising, listening, reading etc.Teaching Aids:A computer,a projector and a blackboard.Teaching Procedures: 1) Show a map of the world, ask students the following questions:Where is the UK?What’s the full name of the UK?2) Ask the students work in pairs to do the quiz on Page 9.Do you want to test how many things you know about the United Kingdom? Let’s have a small test.Using the map on P9, students answer the following questions:?How many countries does the UK consist of? What are they??England is divided into three main areas. Do you know what they are? 1) Scanning (10Minutes )Let the students hold the questions asked in pre-reading and read the passagequickly and then let them do the following exercise.Join lines to the right answer.
分析過焦作市的地理概況和產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢后,就需要針對由于資源枯竭所帶來的問題提出合理化的建議。既然是談經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型,就應(yīng)該將話題的范圍明確在這一領(lǐng)域內(nèi)。通過材料3的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,我們了解到焦作市需要在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、培育新的優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)、增強(qiáng)綜合競爭力等三個整改方針上下功夫。因而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生針對優(yōu)勢與不足提出建議,以三個整改方針為基準(zhǔn),衡量建議的可行性是鍛煉學(xué)生解決此類問題的有效途徑。在此我將教會學(xué)生的是解決問題方法而非案例的內(nèi)容,正所謂“授之以魚,不如授之以漁”。接下來針對學(xué)生的建議和教材資料分析所羅列的10點(diǎn)整改思路,由學(xué)生自由發(fā)言提出看法,通過教師的指導(dǎo)和學(xué)生的討論,進(jìn)而確定經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型建議的具體方案。最后注意將建議與產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢相對照,看建議是否都是圍繞著產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢而提出的,這樣做會加深學(xué)生的印象,通過建議和優(yōu)勢的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,將不難找出此類問題的解題思路。
“深入探究,把握主旨”這一步則是解決教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn),這里涉及到課文的深層意蘊(yùn),學(xué)生理解有難度,教師在通過問題引領(lǐng)學(xué)生探討的基礎(chǔ)上,還要適時啟發(fā)、點(diǎn)撥,因?yàn)榻虒W(xué)時間有限,讓學(xué)生漫無邊際的討論,可能難以完成預(yù)定的教學(xué)任務(wù),會使教學(xué)過程不完整。至于本文的寫作特點(diǎn)的教學(xué)視時間而定,有時間可以讓學(xué)生說一說,沒有時間用小黑板出示一下,讓學(xué)生了解就行,如果時間不夠,甚至可以不講。第三階段是“延伸練習(xí),鞏固提高”。
四、教學(xué)方法和學(xué)法。課前學(xué)生搜集有關(guān)《詩經(jīng)》的資料必不可少。另外,時隔數(shù)千年,年代久遠(yuǎn),文字的障礙很大,然而,過分糾纏于文字的疏通會破壞詩歌的“氣”,喪失詩歌的“神”,所以在學(xué)習(xí)時,應(yīng)舍去條分縷析的理論評價,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合注釋疏通文字,然后引領(lǐng)他們經(jīng)由文字再現(xiàn)形象和事件,經(jīng)由形象和事件領(lǐng)略情感,感受其中濃濃的詩情。誦讀的環(huán)節(jié)是重要的,配以二胡獨(dú)奏《長相思》,營造意境,學(xué)生沉浸在音樂營造的意境中反復(fù)吟詠,讀出節(jié)奏,讀出音調(diào),讀出感情,細(xì)細(xì)體味,讓或優(yōu)或喜的情愫縈繞心間,我們就觸到了先民的靈魂。比興手法為《詩經(jīng)》獨(dú)創(chuàng),重章疊句同樣別致而新鮮,教學(xué)過程中結(jié)合具體語境讓學(xué)生自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行討論,不搞枯燥的知識傳授。還引入講故事、改寫兩種活潑的學(xué)習(xí)形式,從而達(dá)到加深理解的目的。
一、說教材1.教材分析《涉江采芙蓉》是新人教版必修二第二單元《古詩三首》中的一首?!豆旁娛攀住吩谥袊糯姼璧乃囆g(shù)手法上起著承前啟后的作用,在高中語文古詩教學(xué)中也起著承前啟后的作用。這首古體詩不論是藝術(shù)上,還是在思想上都已經(jīng)達(dá)到了十分純熟的境界。因此,它十分重要。2.說學(xué)情這首詩歌在內(nèi)容上難度不大,可以做多角度解讀。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鼓勵學(xué)生作個性化解讀,我們可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生就此作些探討。學(xué)生通過小學(xué)、初中的系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)和本冊古詩部分的集中學(xué)習(xí),有了一定的古詩鑒賞能力,對源遠(yuǎn)流長的中華文化也有了一些積淀,興趣漸濃,這是進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生熱愛古代詩歌、學(xué)習(xí)古代詩歌的一個前提。3.教學(xué)目標(biāo)依據(jù)學(xué)生特點(diǎn),教材特色以及新課標(biāo)的要求,制定教學(xué)目標(biāo)如下:(用多媒體展示)1、了解關(guān)于《古詩十九首》的文學(xué)常識;2、感受詩歌的思想內(nèi)涵;3、運(yùn)用想象描摹詩歌的藝術(shù)畫面。
(二)分析課文,理清思路第1、2段為第一部分,主要是敘事、寫景,先敘述集會的時間、地點(diǎn),然后渲染出蘭亭優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境。在這里足以“游目騁懷”“極視聽之娛”,可以自由地觀察、思考,滿足人們目視耳聞的需求。這里正是與會“暢敘幽情”、盡興盡歡的絕好處所。這些描寫都富有詩情畫意,作者的情感是輕松愉快的。第3、4段為第二部分,主要是抒情、議論,作者由美景妙時引發(fā)出樂與憂、生與死的感慨。他認(rèn)為人生的快樂是有極限的,待快樂得到滿足時,就會感覺興味索然。往事轉(zhuǎn)眼間便成為歷史,人到了生命的盡頭就會死亡。作者由“一死生為虛誕,齊彭殤為妄作”的認(rèn)識,產(chǎn)生了一種珍惜時間、眷戀生活、熱愛文明的思考。雖然文中的壽夭、生死不能自由決定,從而有些傷感,但作者仍然認(rèn)識到盛衰、生死是必然的。人生無常,時不我待,故著文留傳后世,以承襲前人,啟示來者。
[教學(xué)反思]人教版高中語文必修二第三單元安排了《蘭亭集序》《赤壁賦》《游褒禪山記》三篇古代山水游記散文,它們借游賞之事,探索生命的意義、治學(xué)的道理。師者,所以傳道、授業(yè)、解惑也。高中的教材選用的都是歷史經(jīng)典名篇,每一篇都閃爍著儒道釋等百家光輝的思想。編者要老師傳道的意圖很明顯。即非如此,看著這些影響歷代、影響世界的如日月之耀眼光華的偉大思想就躺在我們的教科書里,又如何能不講呢?所以,我將本課的教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)擬定為:幫助學(xué)生建立積極的生死觀,掌握多角度看問題的正確的思想方法。當(dāng)然,也讓學(xué)生領(lǐng)會了融寫景、抒情、說理于一爐的大家手法。整堂課各教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),環(huán)環(huán)相扣,過渡自然,讀、思、議、寫訓(xùn)練到位,而且全部圍繞“生死觀”展開,如一篇形散神不散的散文。