材料說明了什么?探究二:材料分析:2005年12月13日至18日,WTO第六次部長級會議在香港召開。會議經(jīng)過談判通過了《部長宣言》,規(guī)定發(fā)達成員和部分發(fā)展中成員2008年前向最不發(fā)達國家所有產(chǎn)品提供免關稅、免配額的市場準入;發(fā)達成員2006年取消棉花的出口補貼, 2013年年底前取消所有形式農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口補貼。材料體現(xiàn)了世界貿易組織在國際經(jīng)濟貿易領域中發(fā)揮哪些作用?探究三:P97:A、這些圖示,反映出我國利用外資哪些特點?。B、能為我國提高外資利用水平提出些建議嗎?探究四:材料展示:我國是人口眾多的發(fā)展中大國,全國居民每天消費總額達到37億元。每天消費糧食75萬噸,相當于一個縣級商品糧基地的全年產(chǎn)量;每天消耗豬肉6萬噸,食油1萬噸,糖1.6萬噸,鮮蛋1.8萬噸。每天購買雜志600多萬冊,報紙5000多萬份,需要400量中型載貨汽車才能裝載。
1、第一,材料一和材料二的選舉方式有什么異同?(1)相同點:①都采用了演講和答辯等形式,都帶有競選的性質;②都采用無記名、直接選舉的方式進行投票選舉;③都屬于差額選舉。(2)不同點:①材料一是對村主任進行的正式選舉,結果是直接產(chǎn)生村主任,材料二是對鎮(zhèn)長候選人進行的選舉,結果只是確定鎮(zhèn)長候選人,鎮(zhèn)長人選還有待進行正式選舉;②材料一是全體村民都參加選舉,材料二是各戶派代表參加選舉;③材料二比材料一更強調競選的方式。第二,你還知道哪些選舉方式?除了直接選舉外,還有間接選舉、等額選舉、差額選舉等。第三,你能對這幾種選舉方式的意義和效果,作出自己的評估嗎?這是學習中要探究的問題,這里不一定能回答出來,等到學完本框內容后,可以得出比較明確的答案。第四,材料三給了你什么啟示?這個問題不要求統(tǒng)一的答案,能講出一兩點即可。提示如下:(1)新中國成立后,選舉制度經(jīng)歷半個多世紀的發(fā)展,正在逐步走向完善;
思考提示在階級社會中,社會基本矛盾的解決主要是通過階級斗爭實現(xiàn)的,階級斗爭是推動階級社會發(fā)展的直接動力,當舊的生產(chǎn)關系嚴重阻礙生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,需要進行變革時,代表舊的生產(chǎn)關系的沒落階級卻不會自動退出歷史舞臺,利用舊的上層建筑維護自己的統(tǒng)治,只有代表新生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展方向的階級通過社會革命,推翻沒落的階級統(tǒng)治,才能解放生產(chǎn)力,推動社會向前發(fā)展。所以,階級社會的進步往往是通過激烈的社會革命實現(xiàn)的。但是,社會主義社會與階級社會不同,這是因為,社會主義社會中,生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關系、經(jīng)濟基礎和上層建筑之間的矛盾是一種非對抗性矛盾,不需要通過一個階級推翻另一個階級的階級斗爭的方式來解決,只能通過改革實現(xiàn)社會的發(fā)展,通過對生產(chǎn)關系和上層建筑進行改革,實現(xiàn)社會主義的自我完善,從而促進社會的發(fā)展。所以,我國經(jīng)濟體制改革是在堅持社會主義制度的前提下,改革生產(chǎn)關系和上層建筑中不適應生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的一系列相互聯(lián)系的環(huán)節(jié)和方面。
3.柏拉圖(公元前427一前347)古希臘哲學家。生于雅典。蘇格拉底的弟子,亞里士多德的老師。他曾在雅典創(chuàng)辦學園,收徒講學,逐步建立起歐洲哲學史上第一個客觀唯心主義體系。他也是歐洲哲學史上第一個有大量著作傳世的哲學家。他提出世界的本源是“理念”,現(xiàn)實中的事物都是“理念”的摹本。人的知識來源于對“理念”的回憶。柏拉圖的哲學思想對后世影響很大,有人說,柏拉圖之后的歐洲哲學思想都是對柏拉圖思想的注腳。4.黑格爾(1770—1t53l)19世紀德國古典哲學家,客觀唯心主義者、辯證法大師。生于斯圖加特,卒于柏林。出身于官僚家庭。曾在圖賓根神學院學習哲學和神學。大學畢業(yè)后,做過幾年家庭教師。后任報紙編輯、中學校長、大學講師、教授和柏林大學校長。黑格爾是在法國革命的直接影響下成長起來的,青年時朝氣蓬勃,非常激進。他還深受著名詩人歌德的影響。1818年,他到柏林大學任教后,公開美化普魯士專制制度,號召人們同現(xiàn)實妥協(xié)。
(2)歷史課本中歷朝歷代的文化發(fā)展。(3)政治生活中關于綜合國力競爭的相關知識。(4)了解文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,深入體會知識經(jīng)濟、文化經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象。五、【方法點津】:(1)堅持理論聯(lián)系實際的方法,感悟文化現(xiàn)象,理解文化內涵,分析文化的作用,增強文化學習的自覺性。(2)自學探究。以課本的簡單提示為線索,深入探究文化與經(jīng)濟、政治的相互交融,探究文化在綜合國力競爭中的地位和作用。(3)集體討論。針對當前國際競爭的實質,探討我國應如何發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè)、發(fā)展文化生產(chǎn)力、增強文化競爭力;討淪為更好地應對文化競爭,作為中學生目前應做好哪些準備。六、【課文導語】:文化,一個我們十分熟悉的詞匯。然而“熟知并非真知”。有人說,文化是知識;有人說,文化是藝術。究竟什么是“文化”?只要在社會生活中細細體味,我們就能真切地感悟“文化”的內涵與文化的力量。
A生產(chǎn)方式是人類社會存在和發(fā)展的基礎人要生存必須有吃、穿、住、用等物質生活資料,只有生存問題解決了才能談得上社會的存在和發(fā)展,才能從事其他的活動(教育、藝術、體育、政治)。而要獲得物質生活資料,必須從事物質資料的生產(chǎn)勞動。在這一活動中,形成了現(xiàn)實的生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關系,即生產(chǎn)方式?!舅枷虢逃柯浜蟊厝话ご颍覈罅Πl(fā)展經(jīng)濟,就是為了發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。發(fā)展是硬道理,中國解決一切問題的關鍵在與自己的發(fā)展。要積極支持改革開放,積極投身于經(jīng)濟建設中去。現(xiàn)在學好知識將來教育育人,為社會培養(yǎng)更多的合格人才。B生產(chǎn)方式?jīng)Q定著社會的性質和面貌社會生活紛繁復雜,包括經(jīng)濟生活、政治生活、精神生活、婚姻家庭生活等許多方面。這些方面都受生產(chǎn)方式的制約,有什么樣的生產(chǎn)方式,就有什么樣的社會結構;不同的生產(chǎn)方式,表現(xiàn)為不同性質的社會形態(tài)。社會的整個面貌只能從生產(chǎn)方式中得到科學的說明?!九e例】家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責任制的產(chǎn)生與推廣1958年的人民公社化運用曾使中國農(nóng)民在勞動和分配上都實行絕對的平均主義,大鍋飯的結果是飯越吃越少,人越過越窮。
b哲學為具體科學提供世界觀和方法論的指導每一個時代的具體科學的發(fā)展,總是受到這個時代哲學思想的影響和支配。任何一個科學家都有自己的哲學信仰,都用一定的哲學世界觀來指導自己的研究。缺乏正確的世界觀和方法論的指導,就會在研究中失去正確方向,甚至陷入混亂和失敗?!九e例】牛頓晚年誤入歧途牛頓早年在自發(fā)的唯物主義世界觀的指導下,發(fā)現(xiàn)了萬有引力定律,譜寫了人類物理史上的輝煌篇章。他謙虛地說,他是站在巨人們的肩膀上,拾取了知識大海里一個晶瑩美麗的貝殼。但在他的后半生,居然虔誠地投入上帝地懷抱,用25年的時間研究神學,寫了100多萬字有關神學和宗教的書稿。牛頓是一個虔誠的宗教信徒,自幼受到信奉上帝的教育,這對他的世界觀影響極深,加之他所處的時代是形而上學統(tǒng)治自然科學的時代,在錯誤的世界觀的支配下,他將解釋不了的現(xiàn)象求助于上帝,如“從上帝那里去尋找行星圍繞太陽公轉的第一推動力”,結果一事無成。
1、重點:如何處理主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的關系,具體問題具體分析2、難點:弄清主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的含義四、學情分析高二學生具備了一定的抽象思維和綜合分析的能力,但實踐能力普遍較弱。本框所學知識理論性較強,主次矛盾和矛盾的主次方面這兩個概念極易混淆,學生較難理解。而且本框內容屬方法論要求,需要學生將理論與實踐緊密結合,學生在運用理論分析實際問題上還比較薄弱。五、教學方法:1、探究性學習法。組織學生課后分小組進行探究性學習。在探究性學習中進行:“自主學習”、“合作學習”。讓學生進行自主學習的目的是:讓學生作學習的主人,“愛學、樂學”,并培養(yǎng)學生終身學習的能力;讓學生進行合作學習的目的是:在小組分工合作中,在生生互動( 學生與學生互動)中,促使學生克服“以自我為中心,合作精神差,實踐能力弱“等不足,培養(yǎng)綜合素質。2、理論聯(lián)系實際法。關注生活,理論聯(lián)系實際,學以致用。
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反對這個計劃,因為它可能會導致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進未來。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長期問題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認為我們應該花更多的時間和金錢來探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來,年輕人過度依賴手機是不對的,因為它們可能會對他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學就“人類是否應該進行宇宙探索”這個問題進行了激烈的討論。有人認為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術用于現(xiàn)實生活;也有一些人認為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報告并發(fā)表自己的觀點。注意:1.寫作內容應包括以上全部要點,可適當發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
(一)教材的地位與作用“地球的運動”是地理環(huán)境的形成以及地理環(huán)境各要素運動變化的基礎,因而也是高中階段地理學習的基礎?!暗厍蚬D與季節(jié)”是在介紹完“地球運動的一般特點”和“地球自轉與時差”之后進行的;(二)教學目標(1)知識與技能目標:1.掌握全球各緯度晝夜長短和正午太陽高度變化的規(guī)律;2.懂得運用地球運動的有關知識解釋生活現(xiàn)象和分析實際問題。(2)過程與方法目標:1.通過前后關聯(lián)知識點層層遞進的學習,讓學生學會運用相關圖表來分析地理問題,并能理論和實際相結合綜合分析和解決問題。(加強對圖表分析能力的培養(yǎng),是地理學科的突出特點。)(3)情感、態(tài)度與價值觀目標:1.使學生初步了解地球上許多地理現(xiàn)象都同地球的運動有關,從而對學生進行唯物主義教育,培養(yǎng)學生熱愛科學和勇于探索的精神。
4、【自主探究】巴山夜雨的成因③材料三:三國時期,諸葛亮于農(nóng)歷6月的一天,在葫蘆峪設下伏兵,打算用火攻全殲司馬懿。這一天,晴空萬里暑熱難耐,真乃火攻之良機。諸葛亮依計將司馬懿之眾誘入谷中……然而,正當大火沖天,司馬懿全軍行將覆滅之時,一場大雨不期而至,大雨澆滅了諸葛亮扶漢反魏的壯志,使他喊出了“謀事在人,成事在天,不可強也”的千古悲歌?!驹O計理念】前后呼應,發(fā)散思維。通過自主探究,學生各抒己見,完成對熱力環(huán)流整個知識框架的一個總結,既考查了學生的課堂學習效果,又鍛煉了學生知識的遷移能力,并認識生活中的地理規(guī)律,用生動的語言拉近學生與大氣理性知識的距離,體會到地理學科的重要性?!咎釂枴咳绻麑滋鞊Q成夏季,將夜間換成冬季,情況又會怎樣?城市與郊區(qū)之間也存在著熱力環(huán)流——城市風,它們是怎樣形成的?了解城市風的出現(xiàn)有何重要意義?如果地球上在赤道和兩極之間存在熱力環(huán)流,這個熱力環(huán)流應該怎樣?這幾個問題,請大家課后慢慢思考。
(一)教材的地位與作用本節(jié)主要闡述太陽輻射和太陽活動對地球的影響。太陽輻射對地球的影響主要是從太陽為地球提供能量這個方面來闡述,通過圖片的形式從四個方面來分析。不應讓學生記憶這四個方面,需要歸納為:(1)直接或間接(化石燃料)為地球提供大部分能量。(2)維持四大圈層物質循環(huán)和能量交換,決定地理環(huán)境的基本特征。(二)教學目標(1)知識與技能目標:1.闡述太陽對地球的影響。太陽對地球的影響,包括太陽輻射對地球的影響和太陽活動對地球的影響。2.太陽輻射的概念、來源、波長等只作一般了解;太陽活動對地球影像是通過作用氣候、地球電離層和磁場而發(fā)生的,主要包括磁暴、無線電短波通訊被干擾、極光和氣候異常等。3.教材涉及太陽活動的概念、標志和周期需要明確,而太陽大氣分層及對應太陽活動現(xiàn)象只作一般了解。
(一)教材的地位與作用教材的第一部分就從地質作用的能量來源的角度,講述了內力作用和外力作用及其表現(xiàn)形式;又以地質作用不同的表現(xiàn)形式,來說明了激烈迅速的地質作用和極其緩慢的地質作用,從而使學生理解地表形態(tài)的變化及這種變化的時間尺度。第二部分,從三大類巖石的相互轉變入手,圖文結合,闡明了在內外力作用的參與下地殼物質循環(huán)的過程及其地理意義,該部分內容可以看作是全課教材的小結。(二)教學目標(1)知識與技能目標:1、結合實例,說明內力作用的能量來源及其表現(xiàn)形式,理解地殼運動是塑造地表形態(tài)的主要作用方式。2、說明外力作用的四種形式及其相互關系,嘗試識別外力作用形成的不同地貌。3、會用圖文資料說明地殼物質循環(huán)的過程及其產(chǎn)生循環(huán)的物質基礎——三大類巖石的轉化過程。4、培養(yǎng)學生運用地理圖表分析歸納的能力,培養(yǎng)學生與其它同學交流、表達的能力。
二、說學情學生對自然界中的水循環(huán)已具有一定的生活體驗和知識基礎,主要問題是學生還未上升到理性的層面上進行分析,而且自然界的水循環(huán)屬于全球尺度和大尺度的地理現(xiàn)象,學生難以理解,需要教師創(chuàng)設適當?shù)那榫骋龑W生進行新知的建構。三、說教法(1)創(chuàng)設情景:教學實踐證明,合理有趣的情境創(chuàng)設,可以引導學生快速進入角色,提高課堂效率(2)討論法:通過組織學生討論,給學生提供自主學習、合作學習、探究學習的機會。(3)多媒體演示法:利用多媒體播放一些直觀的圖片、動畫和數(shù)字資料,把學生輕松得引入本課,通過形象生動直觀地展現(xiàn)相關地理事物和現(xiàn)象,提高學生的感性認識,激發(fā)興奮點,幫助他們理解課本內容。四、說學法(1)學會用圖:讓學生仔細觀察圖3.2和圖3.3理解水循環(huán)的相關性(2)學會探究:學生思考分析總結水循環(huán)的地理意義及黃河斷流的原因。
學生已學習水循環(huán)和巖石圈物質循環(huán),對地理環(huán)境要素有初步的認識,對物質遷移和能量的交換有一定的了解,已具備基本的地理閱讀分析、提取信息的能力。但學生還缺乏綜合分析問題解決問題的能力,通過案例來幫助學生對自然地理環(huán)境整體性的認識,還需要補充光合作用、分解作用等知識,并進一步培養(yǎng)學生綜合分析地理問題的能力。三、說教法案例教學、啟發(fā)式講授四、說學法學生原有的地理基礎知識不扎實,學習地理方法簡單;但學生思維活躍,有強烈的求知欲,所以在學習的過程中,老師應充分利用這一點,調動學生的積極性,激發(fā)學生的學習興趣。學案導學法;合作探究法;案例分析法等,自主學習、合作學習,培養(yǎng)學生的主動學習的能力、團隊精神,增強學習效果;體會自然地理環(huán)境的整體性和復雜性,將學習目標內化到行動上。
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