l.知識與技能:(1)知道摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件。(2)能在簡單問題中,根據(jù)物體的運(yùn)動狀態(tài),判斷靜摩擦力的有無、大小和方向;知道存在著最大靜摩擦力。(3)掌握動磨擦因數(shù),會在具體問題中計(jì)算滑動磨擦力,掌握判定摩擦力方向的方法。(4)知道影響到摩擦因數(shù)的因素。2.過程與方法:通過觀察演示實(shí)驗(yàn),概括出摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件及摩擦力的特點(diǎn),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察、概括能力。通過靜摩擦力與滑動摩擦力的區(qū)別對比,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析綜合能力。3.情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀:在分析物體所受摩擦力時(shí),突出主要矛盾,忽略次要因素及無關(guān)因素,總結(jié)出摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件和規(guī)律。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)分析1.本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容分滑動摩擦力和靜摩擦力兩部分。重點(diǎn)是摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件、特性和規(guī)律,通過演示實(shí)驗(yàn)得出關(guān)系f=μN(yùn)。2.難點(diǎn)是學(xué)生有初中的知識,往往誤認(rèn)為壓力N的大小總是跟滑動物體所受的重力相等,因此必須指出只有當(dāng)兩物體的接觸面垂直,物體在水平拉力作用下,沿水平面滑動時(shí),壓力N的大小才跟物體所受的重力相等。
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
Step Ⅱ Show the new words on the screen and teach the new words. Read the new words to students and ask them to repeat.Step Ⅲ 3aThis activity introduces new vocabulary and provides reading practice using the target language.In this activity first look at the four pictures.T: What can you see in the pictures?Ss: Four snow globes.T: Right. There are four snow globes in the pictures. And what are they?Ss: They are a monster, two polar bears, two penguins and a birthday cake.Write these words on the blackboard: snow globe; monster; polar bear; penguin and birthday cake. Read them to the class and ask students to repeat each one. Make sure students understand each word.Use a computer to show the E-mail message on the screen and read the message to students.Get students to read the e-mail on their own, and then draw lines connecting each snow globe and its description.Correct the answers.AnswersA line should connect each snow globe picture with the words that describe it in the letter.Step Ⅳ 3bThis activity provides writing practice using the target language.First review Activity 2a on Page 47.Then ask students to complete the message according to Activity 2a.Some partial sentences are given to students. Write about one person's collection.When students work, walk around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.When they finish, ask some students to read their messages to the class.
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板書,教讀)教師把這些句子板書在黑板上,并請學(xué)生大聲整齊地讀祈使句和“can’t”句型,并讓學(xué)生注意兩種句型表達(dá)形式的不同和轉(zhuǎn)換,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并對學(xué)生說:These are our school rules. (板書,教讀) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板書,教讀)步驟3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.學(xué)生看圖,完成1a的內(nèi)容,檢查答案并大聲朗讀校規(guī)。b. 聽錄音,完成1b,選出四位學(xué)生都違反了哪條校規(guī);聽之前,學(xué)生要讀會英文名。c. 請兩位學(xué)生朗讀1c部分的句型;要求學(xué)生兩人一組對話表演,SA扮演外校轉(zhuǎn)來新生,SB告知本校校規(guī)。(學(xué)生可經(jīng)過討論,多說出他們想到的校規(guī),不必只限于書上;教師應(yīng)給予幫助)2) 第二課時(shí)(2a~4)步驟1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?學(xué)生使用“can”或祈使句表達(dá)各條校規(guī);其中老師可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表達(dá)。步驟2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?學(xué)生聽第一遍時(shí),完成2a;第二遍時(shí),完成2b;b. 請學(xué)生領(lǐng)讀2c部分,看著2a完成的表格,理解2c活動的要求;分成小組針對2a進(jìn)行問答;
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學(xué)反思:新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的主體地位,在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個(gè)活動中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會,從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。同時(shí)讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知知識,實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。教案點(diǎn)評:采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式,在各個(gè)活動中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會,從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知識,實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。
單元整體說明(一)單元教材分析本單元的核心話題是描述動物和表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好,以及句式why do you like…? Because…。這也是本單元的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生應(yīng)能較流利地運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯和句型描述動物,表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好。(二)單元知識結(jié)構(gòu)1.詞匯動物名稱 tiger, elephant, koala, dolphin, etc.詞匯描述性形容詞: smart, cute, ugly, clever, shy, etc.國家名: Australia, South Africa2.句型Why do you like koala hears? Because they are cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(三)單元整體目標(biāo)1.Master the vocabulary2.Master and use: Why do you like koalas? Because they am cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(四)單元教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)一覽(五)單元學(xué)情分析學(xué)生此前已經(jīng)學(xué)過由why, where, what 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句句型,具有了學(xué)習(xí)本單元知識的認(rèn)知前提。形形色色的動物能激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,產(chǎn)生了解它們的欲望,這有利于本單元知識的教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)。
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學(xué)步驟、時(shí)間 教師活動 學(xué)生活動 媒體應(yīng)用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學(xué)們回答下列問題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時(shí)教師用漢語問:“在周末期間問你干了什么?這句話用英語這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書、學(xué)習(xí))
三、教學(xué)建議第一課時(shí):1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
說明:在幫Li Lei提建議的同時(shí),教育學(xué)生如何學(xué)好英語。第三課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 語言目標(biāo):a) 詞匯: Original, in style, haircut, the same as.b) 語言結(jié)構(gòu):My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.2. 能力目標(biāo):大多數(shù)學(xué)生能夠談?wù)撟约合矚g哪種服裝,提高查找信息的能力。3. 情感目標(biāo):學(xué)會如何與朋友相處,要有自己對時(shí)尚的看法。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)掌握一些重要詞匯。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)學(xué)會談?wù)搯栴},并能提出書面建議?!艚虒W(xué)突破首先針對Erin的問題,提出個(gè)人的建議,模仿2c部分的對話展開雙人交際Pair-work;聽老師誦讀3a部分的信件,并找出LEFT OUT的問題所在;學(xué)生完成3b部分的內(nèi)容,給Left Out提出書面的建議;學(xué)以口頭形式提出自己目前存在的某個(gè)問題,講給大家聽,讓同學(xué)們給自己提出一個(gè)建議,并作筆錄;學(xué)生兩、三個(gè)人分成一組,隨意性地進(jìn)行口語交際,談?wù)揚(yáng)14的第4部分的某個(gè)問題,相互交換意見。
區(qū)分賓語從句、定于從句和狀語從句賓語從句和狀語從句,都叫做主從復(fù)合句。賓語從句主要是中考必考的,是初中階段必掌握的從句,賓語從句主要是掌握三要素,所謂賓語從句,就是賓語在主從復(fù)合句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)賓語的一個(gè)句子,叫做賓語從句。主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞,后面如果是詞或者是短語的話,是簡單句,如果是句子的話,肯定是賓語從句。I know that he good at English.就是賓語從句,三要素,一要素是要注意連詞,連詞一共學(xué)了三類連詞,一類連詞是that口語當(dāng)中可以省略,就像剛才說的那一句,I hear he is good at English.還有疑問代詞、疑問副詞,how where when,疑問代詞、疑問副詞。還有一類連詞weather是否的意思,不是狀語從句當(dāng)中的如果,這一定要和如果區(qū)分開,這是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。賓語從句要注意if是連詞。第二要素是語序,要用陳述舉語序。比如說你家有幾口人,我們都說How many people are there in you family?但是這是簡單句,一旦說成賓語從句,你可以告訴我你家有幾口人嗎?Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?
"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好!歡迎你!請做一下自我介紹。認(rèn)識一下你的新同學(xué)?!蓖ǔT谡n上老師會這樣說。你會說什么呢?“噢,不!”與陌生人談話太困難了。但是這也很有意思,并且你還能交到朋友。你該怎么做呢?閑聊。閑聊指得是禮貌的對話。“王楠是一個(gè)很棒的乒乓球運(yùn)動員,不是嗎?”“我希望自己能認(rèn)識她,你呢?“今年的雨水很多,不是嗎?”反意疑問句是一種禮貌用語。為了使得談話成功,你應(yīng)該知道怎樣去進(jìn)行閑聊。你還應(yīng)該知道與不同的人該談?wù)撌裁礃拥脑掝}。認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)單元吧,下次在英語課上,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與大家展開談話是一件很容易的事情,不信我們來試試。)
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
(一).知識方面: 1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能運(yùn)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)來描述、談?wù)撨^去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情或動作的意識和能力,能就過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動作做出正確的描述。 2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力和角色扮演的合作能力。 3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生講述過去發(fā)生的事情經(jīng)過的能力。能正確運(yùn)用一般過去時(shí)來講述故事。 (二).技能方面: 1.本單元的語言目標(biāo)是Talk about past events and tell a story(談?wù)撨^去的時(shí)間和講述一個(gè)故事),圍繞這一目標(biāo),要涉及句型: What were you doing when the UFO arrived? ----I was sitting in the barber’s chair. The barber was cutting my hair. 因此必須學(xué)習(xí)standing、studying、cleaning、sleeping、cooking、making、eating、cutting、等表示地點(diǎn)的詞,以便為上述句型提供語言材料。2.學(xué)習(xí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的有關(guān)知識。Was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞,是該時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)式。 3.在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,要區(qū)分The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.和While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.這兩種由when和while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。注意它們的不同。
本單元主要圍繞著有關(guān)瀕臨滅絕的動物這一話題,學(xué)習(xí)了應(yīng)該怎樣保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境,以及就某一問題展開辯論。目標(biāo)提示語言目標(biāo)能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識,就某一問題展開辯論。認(rèn)知目標(biāo)1、復(fù)習(xí)一些語法:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、用used to 表示一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。2、學(xué)會表達(dá)同意和不同意。3、學(xué)會以下基本句型:We’re trying to save the manatees.Manatees eat about 100 pounds of food a day.There used to be a lot of manatees.In 1972,it was discovered that they were endangered.Some of the swamps have become polluted.情感目標(biāo)了解一些瀕臨滅絕的動物的生活習(xí)性和瀕臨滅絕的原因,教育學(xué)生應(yīng)該如何保護(hù)環(huán)境。教學(xué)提示充分利用多媒體等教學(xué)設(shè)備,創(chuàng)設(shè)與本課話題相關(guān)的情境,如各種不同種類的動物、動物園以及有關(guān)環(huán)境的畫畫等等。圍繞著本單元的教學(xué)目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)一些貼近學(xué)生實(shí)際的教學(xué)任務(wù),如讓學(xué)生談?wù)撟约鹤钕矚g的動物,如何拯救瀕危動物,如何保護(hù)環(huán)境等等。讓學(xué)生根據(jù)所學(xué)知識,就動物園是否對動物有利以及其他的話題進(jìn)行辯論。
一、 教材分析“三角形的特性”是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)四年級下冊第五章第一節(jié)的內(nèi)容,本節(jié)課主要闡述了三個(gè)方面,一是三角形的定義,二是三角形高和底的定義 。是學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)了線段、角基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的,為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)三角形的分類和內(nèi)角和打下堅(jiān)定的基礎(chǔ)。二、 學(xué)情分析對于學(xué)情的合理把握是上好一堂課的基礎(chǔ)。本節(jié)課的授課對象為四年級的學(xué)生,他們的觀察、記憶、想象能力在迅速的發(fā)展,有強(qiáng)烈的好奇心。所以在教學(xué)過程中應(yīng)該更多的激發(fā)他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和情感動力,引導(dǎo)他們多觀察,多想象。 三、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、教材特點(diǎn)、學(xué)生實(shí)際,我確定了如下教學(xué)目標(biāo):(1)知識與技能目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生初步理解并掌握三角形的特性及三角形高和底的含義,能準(zhǔn)確作出三角形的高 。(2)過程與方法目標(biāo):經(jīng)歷猜測、觀察、操作等教學(xué)活動,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生相互轉(zhuǎn)化、滲透、遷移的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法。(3)情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生積極參與數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)活動,對數(shù)學(xué)有好奇心和求知欲。
三、說教材的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)是:通過觀察、討論,讓學(xué)生探究發(fā)現(xiàn)三角形的不同分類方法,從而進(jìn)一步掌握三角形的特征。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)是:通過實(shí)踐操作,讓學(xué)生理解掌握等腰三角形和等邊三角形的基本特征及其關(guān)系。四、說教學(xué)理念1、波利亞說:“學(xué)習(xí)任何知識的最佳途經(jīng)都是由自己去發(fā)現(xiàn),因?yàn)檫@種發(fā)現(xiàn)理解最深刻,也最容易掌握其中的規(guī)律、性質(zhì)和內(nèi)在聯(lián)系”。學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)過程是一個(gè)主動建構(gòu)知識的過程,教師要激活學(xué)生先前的知識經(jīng)驗(yàn),創(chuàng)設(shè)具體情境,讓學(xué)生在經(jīng)歷、體驗(yàn)、探索中真正感悟。2、體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的主體作用,把握好教師的主導(dǎo)地位,讓學(xué)生在活動中體驗(yàn),在體驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)、在學(xué)習(xí)中感悟。 3、突出體現(xiàn)教學(xué)的16字原則:主體探究、創(chuàng)境激趣、合作互動、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。 五、說教法1、運(yùn)用操作法,確定每個(gè)三角形的三個(gè)內(nèi)角各是什么角。 2、通過比較法,得出各個(gè)三角形的異同。3、采用探究法,找出等腰三角形和等邊三角形的聯(lián)系。 4、通過游戲與練習(xí)內(nèi)化新知。
(一)觀圖激趣、設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入 師:上一節(jié)我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識了比例,知道兩個(gè)比怎樣才能組成比例,下面請同學(xué)們判斷一下下面各組的比能否組成比例。(1)0.4∶和1.2∶2 (2)和生1:根據(jù)比例的意義,第(1)題,這兩個(gè)比的比值相等,都是0.6,所以(1)題的兩個(gè)比能組成比例。生2:我來回答第(2)題,我也利用比例的意義,求出=5,=6,這兩個(gè)比的比值不相等,所以第(2)題的兩個(gè)比不能組成比例。師:這兩名同學(xué)回答的真好,有理有據(jù),讓我們?yōu)樗麄兊谋憩F(xiàn)鼓掌!師:今天這節(jié)課,我們將共同來學(xué)習(xí)用另一種方法來判斷兩個(gè)比能否組成比例,同學(xué)們想知道是什么方法嗎?生:想知道。師:那就是比例的基本性質(zhì)(板書課題:比例的基本性質(zhì))。【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)生已有的知識,喚醒學(xué)生已有學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn),教師的提問吸引了學(xué)生的注意力,也引發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,為學(xué)習(xí)新知識開了一個(gè)好頭。
【教學(xué)過程】(一)觀圖激趣、設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入 出示課件的第一張幻燈片。1、成正比例的量有什么特征?2、正比例關(guān)系式。生1:兩種相關(guān)聯(lián)的量,一種量變化,另一種量也隨著變化。生2:兩種量中相對應(yīng)的兩個(gè)量的比值(商)一定。生3:=k(一定)。師:同學(xué)們非常棒!我們今天繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)兩種量的另外一種關(guān)系。 (板書:成反比例的量)【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】這種方法的導(dǎo)入,簡簡單單的一道練習(xí)題,把學(xué)生的注意力吸引到本節(jié)主要內(nèi)容上來,激起學(xué)生的好奇心,真的還有另外一種關(guān)系!我可得好好聽一聽。這樣在學(xué)習(xí)反比例時(shí)學(xué)生會始終保持高度的精神集中,有利于教師教學(xué)順利進(jìn)行。(二)探究新知教學(xué)例2,探究反比例的意義,理解成反比例的量。1、出示PPT課件回答問題。杯子的底面積與水的高度的變化情況如下表。 杯子的底面積/cm²1015203060…水的高度/cm302015105…觀察上表,回答下面的問題。(1)表中有哪兩種量?(2)水的高度是怎樣隨著杯子底面積的大小變化而變化的?(3)相對應(yīng)的杯子的底面積與水的高度的乘積分別是多少?生1:表中有杯子的底面積和水的高度這兩種量。生2:從表中可以看出:水的高度隨著杯子的底面積的變大而不斷變小,這兩種量是相關(guān)聯(lián)的兩種量。生3:我來回答(3),相對應(yīng)的杯子的底面積與水的高度的乘積分別是:10×30=15×20=20×15=30×10=60×5=…=300。生4:乘積一定。師:底面積與高的乘積表示的是什么?生:水的體積。(板書)師:你會算出水的體積嗎?生:會。(學(xué)生計(jì)算,教師出示課件訂正)2、揭示反比例的意義。師:積是300,實(shí)際就是倒入杯子的水的體積。同學(xué)們能用式子表示出它們的關(guān)系嗎?生:它們的關(guān)系是:底面積×高=體積。師:同學(xué)們,我們用概括正比例意義時(shí)的方法來概括一下反比例的意義吧!生:像這樣,兩種相關(guān)聯(lián)的量,一種量變化,另一種量也隨著變化,如果這兩種量中相對應(yīng)的兩個(gè)數(shù)的乘積一定,這兩種量就叫做成反比例的量,它們的關(guān)系叫做反比例關(guān)系。(板書反比例的意義)3、用字母表示反比例關(guān)系:xy=k(一定)。(板書)4、牛刀小試。鍋爐房燒煤的天數(shù)與每天燒煤的噸數(shù)如下表: 每天燒煤的噸數(shù)/噸11.522.53燒煤的天數(shù)/天3020151210(1)表中有哪兩種量?它們是不是相關(guān)聯(lián)的量?(2)寫出幾組這兩種量中相對應(yīng)的兩個(gè)數(shù)的積,并比較大小,說一說這個(gè)積表示什么。(3)燒煤的天數(shù)與每天燒煤的噸數(shù)成反比例嗎?為什么?【參考答案】 (1)每天燒煤的噸數(shù)和燒煤的天數(shù),是相關(guān)聯(lián)的量。 (2)1×30=30 1.5×20=30 2×15=30 2.5×12=30 3×10=30 積相等,這個(gè)積表示這批煤的總噸數(shù)。 (3)成反比例,因?yàn)闊旱奶鞌?shù)與每天燒煤的噸數(shù)的積一定?!驹O(shè)計(jì)意圖】學(xué)生通過觀察、發(fā)現(xiàn)、概括經(jīng)歷了整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過程,逐步形成定向思維方式,為學(xué)會學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)。
(一)觀圖激趣、設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入 出示課件的第一張幻燈片。1、談話導(dǎo)入(PPT課件出示腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎)。師:同學(xué)們,老師這里有一個(gè)腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎,一起來猜一猜把!生1:因?yàn)槲浵伿窃诘貓D上爬過去的。2、揭示課題。師:同學(xué)們可真聰明!是的,地圖上的距離是按一定的比把實(shí)際的距離縮小了畫在圖紙上的。今天我們就來研究這個(gè)問題:比例尺。(板書課題)【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】運(yùn)用學(xué)生熟悉的現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)入,給學(xué)生帶來的是愉快的心情和積極的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度,順其自然進(jìn)入學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài),達(dá)到導(dǎo)入的目的。(二)探究新知教學(xué)比例尺的意義及種類,理解比例尺的含義以及關(guān)系式。1、閱讀教材第53頁關(guān)于比例尺的內(nèi)容。師:閱讀教材后,匯報(bào)你知道了哪些關(guān)于比例尺的知識。生1:通過閱讀我知道:一幅圖的圖上距離和實(shí)際距離的比,叫做這幅圖的比例尺。圖上距離∶實(shí)際距離=比例尺。(板書比例尺的意義)=比例尺生2:比例尺是繪圖時(shí)用的,它是把實(shí)際距離按一定的比縮小或擴(kuò)大,再畫在圖紙上。生3:教材介紹說,地圖上的比例尺有1∶100000000,這是數(shù)值比例尺,它也可以寫成這種形式,也叫數(shù)值比例尺。(板書)生4:老師,我看見這樣表示比例尺的: 師:這叫線段比例尺。 它表示的是:圖上1厘米的距離相當(dāng)于地面上50 km的實(shí)際距離。(板書)生5:我會把上面的線段比例尺改成數(shù)值比例尺。圖上距離∶實(shí)際距離。=1 cm∶50 km=1 cm∶5000000 cm(單位要相同)=1∶5000000(板書過程)生6:比例尺1∶5000000表示圖上距離是實(shí)際距離的。實(shí)際距離是圖上距離的5000000倍。
(一)觀圖激趣、設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入 出示課件的第一張幻燈片。師:老師這里有三道題哪位同學(xué)會做?1、已知路程和時(shí)間,怎樣求速度?2、已知總價(jià)和數(shù)量,怎樣求單價(jià)?3、已知工作總量和工作時(shí)間,怎樣求工作效率?生1:速度=路程÷時(shí)間。生2:單價(jià)=總價(jià)÷數(shù)量。生3:工作效率=工作總量÷工作時(shí)間。師:同學(xué)們可真棒!這節(jié)課我們就來研究這些數(shù)量間的一些規(guī)律和特征。你們準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?生:準(zhǔn)備好了?。ò鍟撼烧壤牧浚驹O(shè)計(jì)意圖】引發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣,喚起學(xué)生已有的只是經(jīng)驗(yàn),更好地進(jìn)行新舊知識的結(jié)合,也有利于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)量關(guān)系內(nèi)在的規(guī)律。(二)探究新知(PPT課件出示例1)文具店有一種鉛筆,銷售的數(shù)量與總價(jià)的關(guān)系如下表。 數(shù)量/支12345678…總價(jià)/元3.5710.51417.52124.528…觀察上表,回答下面的問題。(1)表中有哪兩種量?(2)總價(jià)是怎樣隨著數(shù)量的變化而變化的?(3)相應(yīng)的總價(jià)與數(shù)量的比分別是多少?比值是多少?1.探究數(shù)量與總價(jià)兩個(gè)量之間的關(guān)系。師:仔細(xì)觀察這張表格,它為我們提供了哪些數(shù)學(xué)信息?生:給我們提供了文具店銷售彩帶的數(shù)量是1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8米,總價(jià)分別是:3.5, 7,10.5,14,17.5,21,24.5,28元。師:表中有哪兩種量?生:有數(shù)量和總價(jià)兩種量。師:總價(jià)是怎樣隨著數(shù)量的變化而變化的?生:總價(jià)是隨數(shù)量的增加而增加的。師:相應(yīng)的總價(jià)與數(shù)量的比分別是多少?比值是多少?生1:=3.5 =3.5 =3.5 =3.5 =3.5 =3.5 =3.5 =3.5生2:相對應(yīng)的總價(jià)和數(shù)量的比的比值是一定的。師:總價(jià)與數(shù)量的比值表示什么?