高斯(Gauss,1777-1855),德國數(shù)學家,近代數(shù)學的奠基者之一. 他在天文學、大地測量學、磁學、光學等領域都做出過杰出貢獻. 問題1:為什么1+100=2+99=…=50+51呢?這是巧合嗎?試從數(shù)列角度給出解釋.高斯的算法:(1+100)+(2+99)+…+(50+51)= 101×50=5050高斯的算法實際上解決了求等差數(shù)列:1,2,3,…,n,"… " 前100項的和問題.等差數(shù)列中,下標和相等的兩項和相等.設 an=n,則 a1=1,a2=2,a3=3,…如果數(shù)列{an} 是等差數(shù)列,p,q,s,t∈N*,且 p+q=s+t,則 ap+aq=as+at 可得:a_1+a_100=a_2+a_99=?=a_50+a_51問題2: 你能用上述方法計算1+2+3+… +101嗎?問題3: 你能計算1+2+3+… +n嗎?需要對項數(shù)的奇偶進行分類討論.當n為偶數(shù)時, S_n=(1+n)+[(2+(n-1)]+?+[(n/2+(n/2-1)]=(1+n)+(1+n)…+(1+n)=n/2 (1+n) =(n(1+n))/2當n為奇數(shù)數(shù)時, n-1為偶數(shù)
新知探究國際象棋起源于古代印度.相傳國王要獎賞國際象棋的發(fā)明者,問他想要什么.發(fā)明者說:“請在棋盤的第1個格子里放上1顆麥粒,第2個格子里放上2顆麥粒,第3個格子里放上4顆麥粒,依次類推,每個格子里放的麥粒都是前一個格子里放的麥粒數(shù)的2倍,直到第64個格子.請給我足夠的麥粒以實現(xiàn)上述要求.”國王覺得這個要求不高,就欣然同意了.假定千粒麥粒的質量為40克,據(jù)查,2016--2017年度世界年度小麥產量約為7.5億噸,根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù),判斷國王是否能實現(xiàn)他的諾言.問題1:每個格子里放的麥粒數(shù)可以構成一個數(shù)列,請判斷分析這個數(shù)列是否是等比數(shù)列?并寫出這個等比數(shù)列的通項公式.是等比數(shù)列,首項是1,公比是2,共64項. 通項公式為〖a_n=2〗^(n-1)問題2:請將發(fā)明者的要求表述成數(shù)學問題.
二、典例解析例3.某公司購置了一臺價值為220萬元的設備,隨著設備在使用過程中老化,其價值會逐年減少.經(jīng)驗表明,每經(jīng)過一年其價值會減少d(d為正常數(shù))萬元.已知這臺設備的使用年限為10年,超過10年 ,它的價值將低于購進價值的5%,設備將報廢.請確定d的范圍.分析:該設備使用n年后的價值構成數(shù)列{an},由題意可知,an=an-1-d (n≥2). 即:an-an-1=-d.所以{an}為公差為-d的等差數(shù)列.10年之內(含10年),該設備的價值不小于(220×5%=)11萬元;10年后,該設備的價值需小于11萬元.利用{an}的通項公式列不等式求解.解:設使用n年后,這臺設備的價值為an萬元,則可得數(shù)列{an}.由已知條件,得an=an-1-d(n≥2).所以數(shù)列{an}是一個公差為-d的等差數(shù)列.因為a1=220-d,所以an=220-d+(n-1)(-d)=220-nd. 由題意,得a10≥11,a11<11. 即:{█("220-10d≥11" @"220-11d<11" )┤解得19<d≤20.9所以,d的求值范圍為19<d≤20.9
二、典例解析例10. 如圖,正方形ABCD 的邊長為5cm ,取正方形ABCD 各邊的中點E,F,G,H, 作第2個正方形 EFGH,然后再取正方形EFGH各邊的中點I,J,K,L,作第3個正方形IJKL ,依此方法一直繼續(xù)下去. (1) 求從正方形ABCD 開始,連續(xù)10個正方形的面積之和;(2) 如果這個作圖過程可以一直繼續(xù)下去,那么所有這些正方形的面積之和將趨近于多少?分析:可以利用數(shù)列表示各正方形的面積,根據(jù)條件可知,這是一個等比數(shù)列。解:設正方形的面積為a_1,后續(xù)各正方形的面積依次為a_2, a_(3, ) 〖…,a〗_n,…,則a_1=25,由于第k+1個正方形的頂點分別是第k個正方形各邊的中點,所以a_(k+1)=〖1/2 a〗_k,因此{a_n},是以25為首項,1/2為公比的等比數(shù)列.設{a_n}的前項和為S_n(1)S_10=(25×[1-(1/2)^10 ] )/("1 " -1/2)=50×[1-(1/2)^10 ]=25575/512所以,前10個正方形的面積之和為25575/512cm^2.(2)當無限增大時,無限趨近于所有正方形的面積和
課前小測1.思考辨析(1)若Sn為等差數(shù)列{an}的前n項和,則數(shù)列Snn也是等差數(shù)列.( )(2)若a1>0,d<0,則等差數(shù)列中所有正項之和最大.( )(3)在等差數(shù)列中,Sn是其前n項和,則有S2n-1=(2n-1)an.( )[答案] (1)√ (2)√ (3)√2.在項數(shù)為2n+1的等差數(shù)列中,所有奇數(shù)項的和為165,所有偶數(shù)項的和為150,則n等于( )A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12B [∵S奇S偶=n+1n,∴165150=n+1n.∴n=10.故選B項.]3.等差數(shù)列{an}中,S2=4,S4=9,則S6=________.15 [由S2,S4-S2,S6-S4成等差數(shù)列得2(S4-S2)=S2+(S6-S4)解得S6=15.]4.已知數(shù)列{an}的通項公式是an=2n-48,則Sn取得最小值時,n為________.23或24 [由an≤0即2n-48≤0得n≤24.∴所有負項的和最小,即n=23或24.]二、典例解析例8.某校新建一個報告廳,要求容納800個座位,報告廳共有20排座位,從第2排起后一排都比前一排多兩個座位. 問第1排應安排多少個座位?分析:將第1排到第20排的座位數(shù)依次排成一列,構成數(shù)列{an} ,設數(shù)列{an} 的前n項和為S_n。
新知探究我們知道,等差數(shù)列的特征是“從第2項起,每一項與它的前一項的差都等于同一個常數(shù)” 。類比等差數(shù)列的研究思路和方法,從運算的角度出發(fā),你覺得還有怎樣的數(shù)列是值得研究的?1.兩河流域發(fā)掘的古巴比倫時期的泥版上記錄了下面的數(shù)列:9,9^2,9^3,…,9^10; ①100,100^2,100^3,…,100^10; ②5,5^2,5^3,…,5^10. ③2.《莊子·天下》中提到:“一尺之錘,日取其半,萬世不竭.”如果把“一尺之錘”的長度看成單位“1”,那么從第1天開始,每天得到的“錘”的長度依次是1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,… ④3.在營養(yǎng)和生存空間沒有限制的情況下,某種細菌每20 min 就通過分裂繁殖一代,那么一個這種細菌從第1次分裂開始,各次分裂產生的后代個數(shù)依次是2,4,8,16,32,64,… ⑤4.某人存入銀行a元,存期為5年,年利率為 r ,那么按照復利,他5年內每年末得到的本利和分別是a(1+r),a〖(1+r)〗^2,a〖(1+r)〗^3,a〖(1+r)〗^4,a〖(1+r)〗^5 ⑥
導語在必修第一冊中,我們研究了函數(shù)的單調性,并利用函數(shù)單調性等知識,定性的研究了一次函數(shù)、指數(shù)函數(shù)、對數(shù)函數(shù)增長速度的差異,知道“對數(shù)增長” 是越來越慢的,“指數(shù)爆炸” 比“直線上升” 快得多,進一步的能否精確定量的刻畫變化速度的快慢呢,下面我們就來研究這個問題。新知探究問題1 高臺跳水運動員的速度高臺跳水運動中,運動員在運動過程中的重心相對于水面的高度h(單位:m)與起跳后的時間t(單位:s)存在函數(shù)關系h(t)=-4.9t2+4.8t+11.如何描述用運動員從起跳到入水的過程中運動的快慢程度呢?直覺告訴我們,運動員從起跳到入水的過程中,在上升階段運動的越來越慢,在下降階段運動的越來越快,我們可以把整個運動時間段分成許多小段,用運動員在每段時間內的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的運動狀態(tài)。
求函數(shù)的導數(shù)的策略(1)先區(qū)分函數(shù)的運算特點,即函數(shù)的和、差、積、商,再根據(jù)導數(shù)的運算法則求導數(shù);(2)對于三個以上函數(shù)的積、商的導數(shù),依次轉化為“兩個”函數(shù)的積、商的導數(shù)計算.跟蹤訓練1 求下列函數(shù)的導數(shù):(1)y=x2+log3x; (2)y=x3·ex; (3)y=cos xx.[解] (1)y′=(x2+log3x)′=(x2)′+(log3x)′=2x+1xln 3.(2)y′=(x3·ex)′=(x3)′·ex+x3·(ex)′=3x2·ex+x3·ex=ex(x3+3x2).(3)y′=cos xx′=?cos x?′·x-cos x·?x?′x2=-x·sin x-cos xx2=-xsin x+cos xx2.跟蹤訓練2 求下列函數(shù)的導數(shù)(1)y=tan x; (2)y=2sin x2cos x2解析:(1)y=tan x=sin xcos x,故y′=?sin x?′cos x-?cos x?′sin x?cos x?2=cos2x+sin2xcos2x=1cos2x.(2)y=2sin x2cos x2=sin x,故y′=cos x.例5 日常生活中的飲用水通常是經(jīng)過凈化的,隨著水的純凈度的提高,所需進化費用不斷增加,已知將1t水進化到純凈度為x%所需費用(單位:元),為c(x)=5284/(100-x) (80<x<100)求進化到下列純凈度時,所需進化費用的瞬時變化率:(1) 90% ;(2) 98%解:凈化費用的瞬時變化率就是凈化費用函數(shù)的導數(shù);c^' (x)=〖(5284/(100-x))〗^'=(5284^’×(100-x)-"5284 " 〖(100-x)〗^’)/〖(100-x)〗^2 =(0×(100-x)-"5284 " ×(-1))/〖(100-x)〗^2 ="5284 " /〖(100-x)〗^2
新知探究前面我們研究了兩類變化率問題:一類是物理學中的問題,涉及平均速度和瞬時速度;另一類是幾何學中的問題,涉及割線斜率和切線斜率。這兩類問題來自不同的學科領域,但在解決問題時,都采用了由“平均變化率”逼近“瞬時變化率”的思想方法;問題的答案也是一樣的表示形式。下面我們用上述思想方法研究更一般的問題。探究1: 對于函數(shù)y=f(x) ,設自變量x從x_0變化到x_0+ ?x ,相應地,函數(shù)值y就從f(x_0)變化到f(〖x+x〗_0) 。這時, x的變化量為?x,y的變化量為?y=f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)我們把比值?y/?x,即?y/?x=(f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)" " )/?x叫做函數(shù)從x_0到x_0+?x的平均變化率。1.導數(shù)的概念如果當Δx→0時,平均變化率ΔyΔx無限趨近于一個確定的值,即ΔyΔx有極限,則稱y=f (x)在x=x0處____,并把這個________叫做y=f (x)在x=x0處的導數(shù)(也稱為__________),記作f ′(x0)或________,即
二、典例解析例4. 用 10 000元購買某個理財產品一年.(1)若以月利率0.400%的復利計息,12個月能獲得多少利息(精確到1元)?(2)若以季度復利計息,存4個季度,則當每季度利率為多少時,按季結算的利息不少于按月結算的利息(精確到10^(-5))?分析:復利是指把前一期的利息與本金之和算作本金,再計算下一期的利息.所以若原始本金為a元,每期的利率為r ,則從第一期開始,各期的本利和a , a(1+r),a(1+r)^2…構成等比數(shù)列.解:(1)設這筆錢存 n 個月以后的本利和組成一個數(shù)列{a_n },則{a_n }是等比數(shù)列,首項a_1=10^4 (1+0.400%),公比 q=1+0.400%,所以a_12=a_1 q^11 〖=10〗^4 (1+0.400%)^12≈10 490.7.所以,12個月后的利息為10 490.7-10^4≈491(元).解:(2)設季度利率為 r ,這筆錢存 n 個季度以后的本利和組成一個數(shù)列{b_n },則{b_n }也是一個等比數(shù)列,首項 b_1=10^4 (1+r),公比為1+r,于是 b_4=10^4 (1+r)^4.
我們知道數(shù)列是一種特殊的函數(shù),在函數(shù)的研究中,我們在理解了函數(shù)的一般概念,了解了函數(shù)變化規(guī)律的研究內容(如單調性,奇偶性等)后,通過研究基本初等函數(shù)不僅加深了對函數(shù)的理解,而且掌握了冪函數(shù),指數(shù)函數(shù),對數(shù)函數(shù),三角函數(shù)等非常有用的函數(shù)模型。類似地,在了解了數(shù)列的一般概念后,我們要研究一些具有特殊變化規(guī)律的數(shù)列,建立它們的通項公式和前n項和公式,并應用它們解決實際問題和數(shù)學問題,從中感受數(shù)學模型的現(xiàn)實意義與應用,下面,我們從一類取值規(guī)律比較簡單的數(shù)列入手。新知探究1.北京天壇圜丘壇,的地面有十板布置,最中間是圓形的天心石,圍繞天心石的是9圈扇環(huán)形的石板,從內到外各圈的示板數(shù)依次為9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81 ①2.S,M,L,XL,XXL,XXXL型號的女裝上對應的尺碼分別是38,40,42,44,46,48 ②3.測量某地垂直地面方向上海拔500米以下的大氣溫度,得到從距離地面20米起每升高100米處的大氣溫度(單位℃)依次為25,24,23,22,21 ③
情景導學古語云:“勤學如春起之苗,不見其增,日有所長”如果對“春起之苗”每日用精密儀器度量,則每日的高度值按日期排在一起,可組成一個數(shù)列. 那么什么叫數(shù)列呢?二、問題探究1. 王芳從一歲到17歲,每年生日那天測量身高,將這些身高數(shù)據(jù)(單位:厘米)依次排成一列數(shù):75,87,96,103,110,116,120,128,138,145,153,158,160,162,163,165,168 ①記王芳第i歲的身高為 h_i ,那么h_1=75 , h_2=87, 〖"…" ,h〗_17=168.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)h_i中的i反映了身高按歲數(shù)從1到17的順序排列時的確定位置,即h_1=75 是排在第1位的數(shù),h_2=87是排在第2位的數(shù)〖"…" ,h〗_17 =168是排在第17位的數(shù),它們之間不能交換位置,所以①具有確定順序的一列數(shù)。2. 在兩河流域發(fā)掘的一塊泥板(編號K90,約生產于公元前7世紀)上,有一列依次表示一個月中從第1天到第15天,每天月亮可見部分的數(shù):5,10,20,40,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,208,224,240. ②
1.判斷正誤(正確的打“√”,錯誤的打“×”)(1)函數(shù)f (x)在區(qū)間(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,則函數(shù)f (x)在這個區(qū)間上單調遞減. ( )(2)函數(shù)在某一點的導數(shù)越大,函數(shù)在該點處的切線越“陡峭”. ( )(3)函數(shù)在某個區(qū)間上變化越快,函數(shù)在這個區(qū)間上導數(shù)的絕對值越大.( )(4)判斷函數(shù)單調性時,在區(qū)間內的個別點f ′(x)=0,不影響函數(shù)在此區(qū)間的單調性.( )[解析] (1)√ 函數(shù)f (x)在區(qū)間(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,所以函數(shù)f (x)在這個區(qū)間上單調遞減,故正確.(2)× 切線的“陡峭”程度與|f ′(x)|的大小有關,故錯誤.(3)√ 函數(shù)在某個區(qū)間上變化的快慢,和函數(shù)導數(shù)的絕對值大小一致.(4)√ 若f ′(x)≥0(≤0),則函數(shù)f (x)在區(qū)間內單調遞增(減),故f ′(x)=0不影響函數(shù)單調性.[答案] (1)√ (2)× (3)√ (4)√例1. 利用導數(shù)判斷下列函數(shù)的單調性:(1)f(x)=x^3+3x; (2) f(x)=sinx-x,x∈(0,π); (3)f(x)=(x-1)/x解: (1) 因為f(x)=x^3+3x, 所以f^' (x)=〖3x〗^2+3=3(x^2+1)>0所以f(x)=x^3+3x ,函數(shù)在R上單調遞增,如圖(1)所示
(六)說教學策略1.專題性海量的媒介信息必須加以選擇或者整合,以項目為依據(jù),進行信息篩選,形成專題性閱讀與交流;培養(yǎng)學生對文本信息“化零為整”的能力,提升跨媒介閱讀與交流學習的充實感。2.情境化情境教學應指向學生的應用,建構富有符合時代氣息的內容,與生活經(jīng)驗更加貼合,對學生的語言建構與運用有所提升,在情境中能夠有效地進行交流。3.任務化以任務為導向的序列化學習,可以為學生構建學習路線圖、學習框架等具體任務引導;或以跨媒介的認識與應用為任務的設置引導;甚至以閱讀和交流作為序列化安排的實踐引導。4.整合性跨媒介閱讀與交流是結合線上線下的資源,形成新的“超媒介”,也能實現(xiàn)對信息進行“深加工”,多種媒介的信息整合只為一個核心教學內容服務。5.互文性語言文字是語文之生命,我們是立足于語言文字的探討,音樂、圖像、視頻等文本與傳統(tǒng)語言文字文本形成互文,觸發(fā)學生對學習內容立體化和具體化的感悟,提升學生的審美能力。
【點津】 1.不定式的復合結構作目的狀語 ,當不定式或不定式短語有自己的執(zhí)行者時,要用不定式的復合結構?即在不定式或不定式短語之前加 for +名詞或賓格代詞?作狀語。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他開門讓孩子們進來。目的狀語從句與不定式的轉換 英語中的目的狀語從句,還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z作狀語,從而使句子在結構上得以簡化??煞譃閮煞N情況: 1?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時,可以直接簡化為不定式或不定式短語作狀語。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時,要用動詞不定式的復合結構作狀語。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
當孩子們由父母陪同時,他們才被允許進入這個運動場。3.過去分詞(短語)作狀語時的幾種特殊情況(1)過去分詞(短語)在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時,相當于對應的時間、條件、原因及讓步狀語從句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看,整個城市看起來更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多給十分鐘,我們會完美地完成這項工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的話深深地感動,她滿眼淚花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.盡管被警告了風暴的到來,但農民們仍在農場干活。(2)過去分詞(短語)在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語時,可改為句子的并列謂語或改為并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟著兩個學生,老師走進了房間。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母親陪著度過了一整個下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
(2)平均數(shù)受數(shù)據(jù)中的極端值(2個95)影響較大,使平均數(shù)在估計總體時可靠性降低,10天的用水量有8天都在平均值以下。故用中位數(shù)來估計每天的用水量更合適。1、樣本的數(shù)字特征:眾數(shù)、中位數(shù)和平均數(shù);2、用樣本頻率分布直方圖估計樣本的眾數(shù)、中位數(shù)、平均數(shù)。(1)眾數(shù)規(guī)定為頻率分布直方圖中最高矩形下端的中點;(2)中位數(shù)兩邊的直方圖的面積相等;(3)頻率分布直方圖中每個小矩形的面積與小矩形底邊中點的橫坐標之積相加,就是樣本數(shù)據(jù)的估值平均數(shù)。學生回顧本節(jié)課知識點,教師補充。 讓學生掌握本節(jié)課知識點,并能夠靈活運用。
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