一、知識(shí)和能力目標(biāo)本單元要求學(xué)生掌握英文字母A—H,能認(rèn)讀其印刷體和手寫(xiě)體字母的大小寫(xiě)等四種形式。書(shū)寫(xiě)(大寫(xiě)和小寫(xiě),筆順,筆畫(huà))基本合乎要求。能看,聽(tīng),說(shuō)本單元所列的日常交際用語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)學(xué)會(huì)打招呼,并做到語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)正確。注意一些字母及日常交際用語(yǔ)的發(fā)音,提醒學(xué)生不要將C/si:/發(fā)成/sei:/; ?/發(fā)成/e?/,也不要將Good?H /e /等。??????'????說(shuō)成/???????'???morning/二、過(guò)程和方法目標(biāo)教師要盡量用英語(yǔ)組織教學(xué)。充分利用課堂的40分鐘,不講或少講漢語(yǔ),盡量給學(xué)生創(chuàng)造英語(yǔ)情景。教師可以用手勢(shì),表情,動(dòng)作等示意,幫助學(xué)生聽(tīng)懂課堂用語(yǔ)和日常交際用語(yǔ),第一次介紹某個(gè)用語(yǔ)時(shí),說(shuō)英語(yǔ),加譯文及手勢(shì),以后可酌情省去譯文,最后只說(shuō)英語(yǔ),逐步讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)懂。
T: Please look at the pictures and learn the new words.(用多媒體展示新單詞效果較好。)1.a(chǎn)t prep. 在(里面或附近);在(點(diǎn)刻);2.theart.表示特指的人、物、事或群體 3.lostadj.丟失的;遺失的4.Found adj. (find的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞)找回的5.lost and found 失物招領(lǐng)6.please adv.請(qǐng)7.school n. 學(xué)校8.a(chǎn) set of一套;一副(Teach students to read the words.)2. Practice the new words. (事先錄制一段短的聽(tīng)力,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)聽(tīng)的訓(xùn)練來(lái)強(qiáng)化所學(xué)的新單詞,并為學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)尋物啟示和失物招領(lǐng)作好準(zhǔn)備。)T: Please listen to a short passage twice then fill the blanks using the words we learned.(Show students a short passage and play the recording for the students to listen.)There are many things in (1)_____________________in my (2)__________. Look, here’s (3)_________keys. Is this yours? (4)__________call Jim (5)___________753-2289.Typescript:There are many things in the Lost and Found in my school. Look, here’s a set of keys. Is this yours? Please call Jim at 753-2289.
教學(xué)目標(biāo) ⑴知識(shí)目標(biāo):A、學(xué)會(huì)詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方喜歡與不喜歡的食物; B、學(xué)習(xí)并激情 些食物的詞匯; C、學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)撟约号c他人早、中、晚 餐喜愛(ài)吃的食物; D、學(xué)會(huì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)配。 ⑵能力目標(biāo):A、能準(zhǔn)備表達(dá)喜歡和不喜歡的食物; B、能根據(jù)具體情景對(duì)話(huà),與他人溝通信息,合作完成任務(wù); C、通過(guò)聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四項(xiàng)技能的訓(xùn)練,促進(jìn)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的提高。⑶情感目標(biāo):A、通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)西文食品文化,促使學(xué)生了解西方生活方式與文化,培養(yǎng)跨 文化交際的意識(shí); B、通過(guò)開(kāi)展小組活動(dòng),指導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極與他人合作,培養(yǎng)他們的合作精神; C、通過(guò)任務(wù)型活動(dòng),使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)在實(shí)際生活中均衡飲食,合理配餐。 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn) 重點(diǎn):A動(dòng)詞like一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的各種句式及一般疑問(wèn)句的肯定、否定回答; B關(guān)于各種食物的詞匯; C名詞復(fù)數(shù)的使用。 難點(diǎn):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)的變化形式。
教師: 搜集單詞卡片、背景資料。 學(xué)生:彩筆、大白紙、相關(guān)新單詞。 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) Step One: Learn the new words. 1.Present the new words. (Show some pictures and words on the screen to teach the students the new words.) T: What’s this? S1: It’s a room. T: Do you have a room like this? S2: Yes, I do./ No, I don’t. T: Read after me. R-O-O-M, room. Ss: R-O-O-M, room. (Teach the other words “TV, desk, picture” in the same way.) T: There are some words here. Read the words after me and spell them. (Learn the other words without pictures on the cards.) T: This is a word. Can you spell this word? (Point to a word in the card.) S1: Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. (Let them know the meaning of “can”.) T: I can spell your name. Can you spell my name? S1: Yes, I can. T: Can you write your name? S: Sorry, I can’t. I have no pen. T: You need a pen.( Give him a pen.) ( Let the students understand the word “need”.) T: I bring a football to school every day. Now it is on the floor. After class I take it to my home. (Teach “bring” and “take”. Put a football on the floor and point to the floor to teach the word “floor”.) 2.Practice the words. (Give the examples to the students and get the students to understand the new words.) Step To Listen and practice.
單元分析單元目標(biāo): Talk about what people are doing 單元主要句型:1.What are you doing ?I’m doing my homework .2.Do you want to go swimming ?Yes , I do .3.When do you want to go ?At three o’clock .4.What is he doing ?He is watching TV. 單元詞匯:watching , doing , eating , cleaning , playing , reading , swimming , shopping , pool ,school , mall , library , wait , talk to , talk about , activity , camero , bird 重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn):1.be動(dòng)詞am , is , are的用法;be動(dòng)詞前面我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò),這一單元主要是與分詞一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),即be (am , is , are)+V-ing,表示正在干什么。它主要是隨主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)的變化而選擇不同的。2..現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)上面我們講be (am , is , are) 時(shí)已提及進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),其句子的構(gòu)成情況我們通過(guò)下面的兩個(gè)表格中的問(wèn)句、答句來(lái)具體體現(xiàn):3.現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中be + V - ing 的構(gòu)成中V-ing被稱(chēng)為現(xiàn)在分詞,它的基本構(gòu)成是動(dòng)詞原形+ing,但也有些特殊情況,下面分幾類(lèi)說(shuō)明:(1)一般情況+ing如:read→reading,go→going,do→doing,look→looking,listen→listening,watch→watching.(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞,去掉e,再加ing.如:write→writing,skate→skating,type→typing,wake→waking,make→making
Teaching goals:1.Words&phrases: robot, paper, less, fewer, simple, unpleasant, factory, seem, etc .2.will 構(gòu)成的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的陳述句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句及回答.3.There be 句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí).4.more , less , fewer 的用法.5.學(xué)習(xí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的相關(guān)知識(shí),學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè).6.對(duì)five years ago ,today ,in five years 簡(jiǎn)潔回顧與展望的方式,貼近實(shí)際符合學(xué)生心理,激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣.7.通過(guò)時(shí)間對(duì)比復(fù)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),鞏固一般將來(lái)時(shí).Important and difficult points :1.will構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的句式。2.There be 句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。3.more , fewer , less 的用法。4.How to make predictions .Period 1Teaching procedures:Step 1 Leading in1.Greetings: Welcome to school .What’s the date today ? Who’s on duty today ?Do you enjoy your winter holiday ?Do you finish your homework ?Do you want to live on the moon ?Can you guess what will happen in ten years ?Collect the Ss’ answers and say something about their predictions .Step 2 Pre-taskSB Page 2 ,1a .1.Look at the picture :How will the world be different in the future ,100 years from now ?We’re going to talk about sth in 100 years .
本課采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)法,用What would you do if you had a million dollars?這個(gè)問(wèn)句,引出談?wù)摷傧肭闆r的話(huà)題。 采用提問(wèn)、啟發(fā)和歸納的教法,讓學(xué)生易于接受教材內(nèi)容,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。 四、 教學(xué)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì) Step Ⅰ. Greet the whole class as usual. Step Ⅱ. Warming-up T: Do you have ten Yuan in your pocket? S1: No, I don’t. T: (Take out ten Yuan and give it to the student) OK, never mind. What would you do if it was yours? What would you do if you had ten Yuan? S1: I would buy snacks. T: OK, thank you. Sit down, please. (To the whole class) Just now, it was only ten Yuan. What about 100 Yuan? What would you doif you had 100 Yuan? S2: I’d buy a beautiful jacket. T: Thank you. (To the whole class) Now suppose you had a million dollars, what would you do? We know thatone dollar nearly equals eight Yuan, so that’s a large sum of money. Think it over carefully and tellme your ideas. What would you do if you had a million dollars? S3: I’d buy a big house. S4: I’d buy a sports car. S5: I’d put it in the bank. T: OK, stop here. Please look at the blackboard and guess what would I do if I had a million
二、教學(xué) 1a,1b.1.First the teacher asks the students what kind of fruit food and drink you like the best and writes down on the blackboard.教師問(wèn)學(xué)生最喜歡什么水果和飲料并把它們寫(xiě)在黑板上。比如:potato chips,ice cream,tea,lemon,chocolate,oranges,salad,popcorn,pickle and so on.2.接著叫學(xué)生表達(dá)以上食物的味道,引出新單詞——sweet,crispy,salty,sour,delicious,hot,awful,nice…并且完成lb教學(xué)內(nèi)容通過(guò)此活動(dòng),以舊帶新引入新單詞。其目的是讓學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)。 三、教學(xué) 2a,2b1.首先,聽(tīng)力前的brainstormFirst,Let students describe how potato chips taste and describe how helpful the potato chips.Then,ask:When and where were potato chips invented?Who were potato chips invented by?How were potato chips invented?(Let students guess according to the following key words.)Key words:by accident,customer,restaurant,by mistake.(說(shuō)明:通過(guò)問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容有整體了解,為聽(tīng)力練習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備;又培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的注意力,想像力,觀察力。)
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1.學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.學(xué)already和yet用法。3. 能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),談?wù)摶蛟?xún)問(wèn)最近已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情語(yǔ)言功能:能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),談?wù)摶蛟?xún)問(wèn)最近已經(jīng)發(fā)生的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)語(yǔ)言目標(biāo):Have you watered the plants yet?No, I haven’t.Have you fed the cat?No, I haven’t fed her yet.I have to do my homework. I started about an hour ago, but I haven’t finished. I will visit Hong Kong next year.重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ):water, wood, farm, ocean, hit, appear, turn, government, thousands of, southern, villager, strongly, step, clean out, some day, be off, so far, go for walks, thanks to, look forward to學(xué)習(xí)策略與思維技巧:引導(dǎo)、合作跨學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí):歷史知識(shí)、文化學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及應(yīng)用教學(xué)難點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 學(xué)習(xí)方式:自主、合作學(xué)習(xí) 情感目標(biāo): 教育學(xué)生做事情要有條理,養(yǎng)成“今日事,今日畢”的好習(xí)慣。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成反省的好習(xí)慣。增強(qiáng)學(xué)生做事的條理性及計(jì)劃性。課前任務(wù):記錄和查找自己和別人已做過(guò)或仍沒(méi)做的事情。
(Play the recording twice again.) (Check the answer.) ③Pairwork. Draw your own picture and talk about it. T: We find out the picture of Lin Hai’s family. Can you draw a picture of your family? SS: … T: OK. When you finish drawing, tell your partner about your picture. You can use “This is …” and “ These are …” to talk about. Then report it to the class. (Students work.) (Check students’ work. Ask two or three students to report.) Step Three: Task. Talk about the family tree. T: Look at the family tree. I think it’s a big family. You can do it in groups of four or three. You can do it in pairs or only by yourself. Then report it to the class. (Students work. Teacher walks around in the classroom and helps the students.) T: Stop here. Let’s check it out. (Choose students to do it.) S1: Look at my family tree. This is my… This is my … They have two … This is my … This is my …This is my …This is my. My parents have two children. This is…This is my …My uncle and my aunt have a son. He is my … (Ask two more students to do it.) Homework. Write a passage about your family.
一、知識(shí)和能力目標(biāo)通過(guò)本單元教學(xué),使學(xué)生能運(yùn)用所學(xué)英語(yǔ),正確地描述物體的顏色;同時(shí)進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)分辨人物的用語(yǔ),并加以運(yùn)用。二、過(guò)程和方法目標(biāo)本單元口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練應(yīng)當(dāng)自始至終在一種鮮明的色彩背景下進(jìn)行,旨在營(yíng)造那種為學(xué)生所喜愛(ài)的歡快氣氛,教師應(yīng)當(dāng)在十種顏色上大做文章;在使用實(shí)物時(shí)要使顏色醒目;在組合圖畫(huà)時(shí),要盡量用大色塊;在使用投影時(shí)要使顏色突出來(lái)。教師可以從教室環(huán)境上入手營(yíng)造色彩氣氛,如:選取十種顏色的硬色板,剪成各個(gè)大寫(xiě)字母;或者將色板剪成各種卡通動(dòng)物形象,懸掛在教室當(dāng)中或在墻上,注明各種顏色的英語(yǔ)字塊。三、情感態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)用各種可以調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生積極性的活動(dòng)來(lái)提高學(xué)生的活躍性,激發(fā)他們參與討論的熱情。同時(shí)可以對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行美育教育,從小培養(yǎng)他們對(duì)美的正確認(rèn)識(shí)。
本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)名詞所有格 ('s 所有格 ) 的構(gòu)成和使用。在初次接觸 “ 名詞所有格 ” 時(shí),學(xué)生較難理解的可能是 “ 所有格 ” 這個(gè)名稱(chēng),對(duì)于它的構(gòu)成,學(xué)生也許會(huì)覺(jué)得較容易。教師可通俗地告訴學(xué)生 “ 所有格 ” 的意思是表示 “…… 的 ” ,這樣學(xué)生反而容易接受。在使用 “ 名詞所有格 ” 形式時(shí),學(xué)生容易犯錯(cuò)誤或混淆的主要是:將這種一 's 構(gòu)成形式與 is 的縮寫(xiě)形式混淆,如: My father's name's Jin Zhi .,可以這樣告訴學(xué)生:名詞所有格的后面一般應(yīng)接名詞;勿將這種一 's 結(jié)構(gòu)盲目套用與人稱(chēng)代詞上,代替物主代詞使用,如 He's father's name is Li Cheng 。在教學(xué)初期,可不講授名詞所有格的其它形式,待時(shí)機(jī)成熟,再向?qū)W生介紹復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格形式的結(jié)構(gòu)一 ' ,如: the students' bikes 。 Self Check 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 Self Check( 教材 P52) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 知識(shí)與能力 復(fù)習(xí)詞匯 birthday , date , month , January , February , March , April , May , June , July , August , September , October , November , December , date , birth , age , old , speech . contest . trip , party , event , an , festival , pop , concert , chorus , lecture , music ;引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)、鞏固“詢(xún)問(wèn)和談?wù)撊掌凇钡哪繕?biāo)語(yǔ)言并運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)安排活動(dòng)。
(一)、亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織的宗旨和作用1、亞太經(jīng)合組織簡(jiǎn)介:(1)、地位——當(dāng)今世界最大的區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織(2)、性質(zhì)——是促進(jìn)亞太國(guó)家和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作、推動(dòng)共同發(fā)展的主要機(jī)構(gòu)。亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織(APEC,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)亞太經(jīng)合組織),是當(dāng)今世界最大的區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織,是促進(jìn)亞太國(guó)家和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作、推動(dòng)共同發(fā)展的主要機(jī)構(gòu)。相關(guān)鏈接:1989年11月,在澳大利亞的倡議下,澳大利亞、美國(guó)、加拿大、日本、韓國(guó)、新西蘭和東盟六國(guó)的外交與經(jīng)濟(jì)部長(zhǎng)在澳大利亞首都堪培拉召開(kāi)部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議,正式宣告亞太經(jīng)合組織成立。此后,該組織不斷擴(kuò)大,到2004年底共有21個(gè)成員,既有美國(guó)、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,也有中國(guó)、馬來(lái)西亞、墨西哥等發(fā)展中國(guó)家。亞太經(jīng)合組織的宗旨是:為本地區(qū)人民的共同利益而保持經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)與發(fā)展,促進(jìn)成員間經(jīng)濟(jì)的相互依存,加強(qiáng)開(kāi)放的多邊貿(mào)易體制,減少區(qū)域貿(mào)易和投資壁壘。
羅森塔爾突破了“客觀報(bào)道”“零度寫(xiě)作”的框框,把自己和其他參觀者在奧斯維辛訪問(wèn)時(shí)的感受當(dāng)做文章的主要內(nèi)容來(lái)寫(xiě),傳達(dá)出每一個(gè)良知者的共同心聲。教師總結(jié):細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)是耐人尋味的。文章沒(méi)有陰森恐怖的鏡頭,沒(méi)有血腥的畫(huà)面,只是重現(xiàn)了新聞的事實(shí)真相,但透過(guò)細(xì)節(jié)卻能引發(fā)人們對(duì)生命,對(duì)人性的思考。在作者看似平靜的敘述中抒發(fā)了對(duì)德國(guó)納粹殘酷暴行的沉重控訴,更表達(dá)了作者對(duì)自由、和平與祥和的向往四、拓展延伸:《奧斯維辛沒(méi)有什么新聞》這一作品本身的價(jià)值在哪?社會(huì)價(jià)值又在哪,能不能從這兩個(gè)角度思考,幾人合作試寫(xiě)一段頒獎(jiǎng)詞?范例:《奧斯維辛沒(méi)有什么新聞》突破新聞“零度寫(xiě)作”原則,著眼細(xì)節(jié),以冷峻的視角,深沉地描述了今天的奧斯維辛集中營(yíng)紀(jì)念館。在恐怖與快樂(lè)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平、歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)的反差中,它召喚起人們關(guān)于災(zāi)難的記憶、關(guān)于生命的思考、關(guān)于人性的自省。它的發(fā)表充分地表現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新聞?dòng)浾叩氖姑?,更以迫人的力量震撼生者的心,成為新聞史不朽的名篇?/p>
1.課堂活動(dòng)中的競(jìng)賽制:以記獎(jiǎng)評(píng)優(yōu)的形式無(wú)聲的評(píng)價(jià)每一個(gè)活動(dòng),包括個(gè)體和小群體。在第一課時(shí)評(píng)最佳演員和導(dǎo)演獎(jiǎng),第二課時(shí)評(píng)最佳團(tuán)體獎(jiǎng),既節(jié)約時(shí)間又明確有效。使學(xué)生能提高語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量,增強(qiáng)參與意識(shí),提高學(xué)習(xí)興趣。2. 教師課堂上語(yǔ)言、表情激勵(lì)制:在課堂活動(dòng)中教師要樂(lè)于 、善于用激勵(lì)性語(yǔ)言。從good, super, smart, excellent , great ,wonderful等,用微笑,皺眉,搖頭、點(diǎn)頭等身體語(yǔ)言對(duì)于學(xué)生的評(píng)價(jià)是方便又有效的途徑。3.課后作業(yè)評(píng)價(jià):口頭作業(yè)在第二天課堂上表演,接受全體同學(xué)的評(píng)價(jià)。筆頭作業(yè)有教師批閱,以評(píng)語(yǔ)的方式出現(xiàn)。優(yōu)秀作業(yè)予以展出或交流。積極地肯定和鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生是我們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)的重要目的之一。4.單元結(jié)束后綜合性評(píng)價(jià):除了筆試以外,也可以根據(jù)學(xué)生實(shí)際開(kāi)展豐富的活動(dòng),如:調(diào)查報(bào)告、小品表演、專(zhuān)題演講等。
1.用英語(yǔ)教英語(yǔ)(Teach English inEnglish); 英語(yǔ)畢竟是一門(mén)語(yǔ)言,訓(xùn)練的是學(xué)生的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯的綜合能力,在教學(xué)的過(guò)程中需要對(duì)學(xué)生的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯的能力進(jìn)行很多的訓(xùn)練,這就要求我們用英語(yǔ)來(lái)教英語(yǔ),在課堂上對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行各種能力的訓(xùn)練。
【教學(xué)目的】1.了解作者反對(duì)暴政、提倡仁政的政治主張?jiān)诋?dāng)時(shí)條件下的進(jìn)步意義及其歷史局限。教育學(xué)生不應(yīng)只著眼于秦之興衰,而應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)作者把研究歷史與指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)實(shí)相結(jié)合的可貴精神,從而明白“以史為鑒”“古為今用”的意義,達(dá)到把知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為能力的目的。2.學(xué)習(xí)課文從史實(shí)對(duì)比中引出結(jié)論的寫(xiě)作方法;理解課文中對(duì)偶、排比等修辭手法在表情達(dá)意方面的作用,并結(jié)合單元知識(shí)短文掌握如何在翻譯中恰當(dāng)處理修辭格的知識(shí)?!窘虒W(xué)設(shè)想】1.通過(guò)預(yù)習(xí)指導(dǎo),使學(xué)生借助課文的注釋、工具書(shū)和參考資料了解時(shí)代背景、作者簡(jiǎn)況及各段大意,疏通文句。2.講授課文,指出作者政治主張的歷史局限時(shí),不必在什么是秦二世而亡的真正原因上旁征博引,同時(shí)對(duì)文中涉及的歷史人物及史實(shí),也不要過(guò)多介紹??稍谡n外指導(dǎo)學(xué)生讀點(diǎn)通史或歷史故事(如《東周列國(guó)志》,雖是小說(shuō),但基本事件多見(jiàn)諸其書(shū))。
2.亦余心之所善兮。雖九死其猶未悔評(píng)析:這一句表明屈原志向不改,堅(jiān)貞不屈。真可說(shuō)是一條鐵骨錚錚的漢子。屈原最不能容忍的是那群無(wú)恥小人對(duì)他的惡毒誣蔑,一會(huì)說(shuō)他穿著奇裝異服,一會(huì)又說(shuō)他面容姣好,肯定是個(gè)善淫之輩。這群人追名逐利,篡改法令,歪曲是非,混淆黑白,競(jìng)相諂媚,把朝廷弄得烏煙瘴氣。屈原下決心絕對(duì)不和他們合流,他自比不合群的鷙鳥(niǎo),孤傲、矯健,“自前世而固然”,他不想改變,也無(wú)法改變,這就像方圓不能周,異道不相安一樣。在這里,屈原清楚地預(yù)感到了自己的結(jié)局,但他并不后悔自己的選擇。句中“雖九死其猶未悔”和同出自于《離騷》的“路曼曼其修遠(yuǎn)兮,吾將上下而求索”詩(shī)句是后人引以自勉和共勉最多的句子。運(yùn)用:(翻譯)只要是我心中所向往喜歡的,即使死去九次也不會(huì)后悔。3.民生各有所樂(lè)兮,余獨(dú)好修以為常。雖體解吾猶未變兮,豈余心之可懲。
【重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及解決辦法】1.以樂(lè)景寫(xiě)哀,景中寓情,情中顯志。從詞中可以感受到詞人的心情是惆悵的,寫(xiě)的又是寒秋景物,卻毫無(wú)過(guò)去一般舊詩(shī)詞里的那種肅殺、感傷的“悲秋”情調(diào),詞人筆下的秋景是活潑、美好的。原因在于越寫(xiě)山河的壯麗,就越使人感到人民不能主宰大地的可悲,越感到革命的必要。詞人正是在這不一致中突出了強(qiáng)烈的革命精神。當(dāng)然,這里面也含有熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)壯麗河山的感情。2.對(duì)比手法的運(yùn)用。詞中含有多種對(duì)比,使描繪的形象鮮明,如“萬(wàn)山紅遍”與“漫江碧透”主要是顏色的對(duì)比;“鷹擊長(zhǎng)空”與“魚(yú)翔淺底”、“指點(diǎn)江山”與“激揚(yáng)文字”主要是動(dòng)作的對(duì)比;“同學(xué)少年”與“萬(wàn)戶(hù)侯”是明比;“萬(wàn)類(lèi)霜天競(jìng)自由”與人民的被壓迫(未在詞中點(diǎn)明)是暗含的對(duì)比。
第一課時(shí)(初步熟悉課文,理清林黛玉進(jìn)賈府的行蹤)一、導(dǎo)入課文談話(huà)要點(diǎn):1、有關(guān)中國(guó)的四大著名古典長(zhǎng)篇幅小說(shuō):即《紅樓夢(mèng)》曹雪芹,《西游記》吳承恩,《三國(guó)演義》羅貫中,《水滸傳》施耐庵。2、《紅樓夢(mèng)》又名《石頭記》是我國(guó)古典小說(shuō)的四大名著之一。全書(shū)以寶黛愛(ài)情為主線,揭露了封建統(tǒng)治的罪惡和腐朽,揭示了封建社會(huì)必然滅亡的歷史以展趨勢(shì)。本文選自《紅樓夢(mèng)》故事的第三回《金陵起復(fù)賈雨村,榮國(guó)府收養(yǎng)林黛玉》,是全書(shū)的序幕組成部分之一。本文以林黛玉進(jìn)賈府的一天行蹤為線索,通過(guò)她的所見(jiàn)所聞,介紹了賈府的一大批批重要人物,弄錯(cuò)時(shí)展現(xiàn)了賈府與眾不同“的豪華府北,拉開(kāi)了《紅樓夢(mèng)》故事的帷幕。3、《紅樓夢(mèng)》人物眾多,為了使用權(quán)我們了解眾多的人物關(guān)系,我們印發(fā)了下表,供同學(xué)們參考。