說教材A.教材簡析《琵琶行(并序)》是人教版《普通高中課程標準實驗教科書語文》必修3第二單元的一篇講讀課文。本單元學習的是唐代詩歌,共七首詩?!杜眯校ú⑿颍肥翘拼F(xiàn)實主義詩人白居易寫的一首歌行體長篇敘事詩,是我國古代敘事詩和音樂詩中的“千古絕喝”。詩歌主題鮮明、人物形象生動,抒情真切細膩,具有深刻的思想內容和卓越的藝術技巧。B.教學目標《全日制普通高中高級中學語文教學大綱》明確要求我們:在閱讀教學過程中要引導學生“感受文學形象,品味文學作品的語言和藝術技巧,初步鑒賞文學作品”。而本單元的教學要求是培養(yǎng)學生詩歌鑒賞的能力。根據教學大綱和單元教學要求,結合本課特點,我制定本課的教學目標是:1.知識目標:了解文學常識;積累重點文言實詞;品味主旨句“同是天涯淪落人,相逢何必曾相識”的內涵;感知作者把音樂描寫與聽者、演奏者的感情融為一體的寫作特點。
一. 教材分析1. 本單元的中心話題是“計算機(Computers)”,內容涉及計算機的發(fā)展歷史,計算機的應用等。本節(jié)課是該單元的第一課時,我將Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending這四部分整合為一節(jié)精讀課。其中。Reading部分是題為WHO AM I?的文章,以第一人稱的擬人手法介紹了計算機發(fā)長演變的歷史和計算機在各個領域的應用,其主旨是表達計算機的發(fā)展變化之快以及在生活中用途之廣。而Warming up部分以圖片的形式展現(xiàn)了計算機的發(fā)展歷程;Pre-reading中的問題和排序分別是為了預測語篇的內容和測試學生對計算機歷史了解的情況;Comprehending則通過各項練習訓練學生的閱讀技能,從而加深對文章的理解??梢娺@幾部分是一個有機的整體。2. 教學目標:1) 語言目標:重點詞匯及短語:abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重點句子:a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
(1)“問君西游何時還……使人聽此凋朱顏。”詩題下未注明送何人入蜀,所以這里的“問君”無妨假定實有其人,可以讀得親切一些。將行而問“何時還”,已有不可行之意,重音要落在“不可攀”三字上,當用勸說的語氣讀。以下四句借鳥聲渲染旅途中悲涼凄清的氛圍,讀時要放低聲調,有干里孤身之感,至“愁空山”徐徐而上。然后用感喟的語調讀主旨句,至“凋朱顏”略作一頓,以示意猶未盡。(2)“連峰去天不盈尺……胡為乎來哉!”仍是說不可行,但內容加深了一層,因為說的是蜀道的險惡。前四句不是純客觀的描寫,讀時須設想這是旅游者攀援于“連峰”“絕壁”之上置身于“飛湍瀑流”之間,要使聽者感到驚心動魄。讀后可作稍長停頓,再用“其險也如此”緩緩收住。末句是詩人借用蜀人的口氣,對歷險而來的游者深表嘆息——“胡為乎來哉”不是詢問,當用降調讀,暗含“何苦而來”之意。
展示學習過的物理學內容:伽利略的“比薩斜塔”實驗,證明了:兩個鐵球同時落地。得出結論:實踐是檢驗認識正確與否的唯一標準。(因為這點理解起來有點難,所一教師要適當?shù)闹v解)A、一種認識是否是真理不能由這一認識本身回答B(yǎng)、客觀事物自身也不能回答認識是否正確地反映了它C、實踐是聯(lián)系主觀與客觀的橋梁。人們把認識和實踐的結果對照,相符合,認識就正確?!?實踐是認識的目的和歸宿:走進社會:(課本P46歸國博士案例)從這個故事中我們可以得到什么啟示?得出結論:實踐是認識的歸宿和目的。啟發(fā)學生學以致用,eg:紀中的學生研究地溝油簡易檢測方法(靈活利用身邊的教學資源)。【板書設計】實踐是認識的基礎(板書)投影:逐步展示本課知識結構圖。學生通過回憶,讓學生有直觀的認識,學習內容一目了然。1.實踐是認識的來源。2.實踐是認識發(fā)展的動力。3.實踐是檢驗認識的真理性的唯一標準。
5.課堂練習,夯實基礎。得出原理方法論之后,給學生一分鐘時間記憶,然后一名或幾名學生上講臺默寫,其他同學相互提問。針對這一基本概念,設置一道選擇題。6、播放黃宏、宋丹丹小品《回家》片段,引發(fā)學生的興趣,接著教師展示幾幅關于手機的圖片,然后讓學生結合圖片,進行討論交流解決“合作探究二”,然后進行搶答(可以引發(fā)學生的競爭,從而調動課堂氣氛)。教師在學生回答基礎上,引導學生得出發(fā)展的實質這一結論,接著教師展示“如何判斷一個事物是新事物還是舊事物的標準”,結合這一標準,讓學生判斷“電腦科技算命是不是新事物”,學生很容易就可以得出結論。7.教師簡單總結剛剛學過的內容,引出“運動、變化是不是發(fā)展?”然后讓學生討論交流“合作探究三”。然后進行搶答,教師在學生回答基礎上,稍加點評,給予積極地評價,然后展示答案。8.教師引導學生得出本節(jié)課的第二個原理與方法論,并讓學生當堂記憶,可以簡單提問。然后做課堂達標題,在學生展示答案后,教師簡單點撥即可。
本節(jié)課我分成兩個課時A首先我會在在ppt上放幾張關于區(qū)域的圖,讓學生思考什么是區(qū)域,區(qū)域有什么特征。其次我會在在書上畫出區(qū)域的定義,在給與解釋說明,再在書上畫出區(qū)域的四個特征,讓同學小組討論哪些區(qū)域是有界的,哪些區(qū)域是無界的,從而加深同學們對區(qū)域的理解。B在ppt上放出長江三角洲和松嫩平原,不同風土人情由此導入下一個知識點:不同區(qū)域由于地理環(huán)境的差異,人們的生產特點有許多的不同,發(fā)展方式也存在差異,然后讓學生思考長江三角洲和松嫩平原有什么差異,各自給區(qū)域環(huán)境發(fā)展帶來什么影響,啟發(fā)學生從氣候等方向思考,然后用表格的方式給不同因素歸類(歸位自然和社會經濟兩大類)再啟發(fā)同學們從兩大類分別討論對農業(yè)與工業(yè)發(fā)展的影響,最后再用表格的形式分類表達C然后給同學們幾個問題,鞏固同學課堂所學,最后留下一個問題課后解決:除了今天講的因素外還有哪些因素對區(qū)域發(fā)展產生影響?
基于以上分析,為使本堂課圍繞重點、突破難點,同時讓學生在課堂教學中能力得到提高,我設計如下教學過程。(一)創(chuàng)設情景認識形變由同學們已有的形變知識入手,引入新課。教師演示:①彈簧的壓縮形變;②彈簧的拉伸形變③視頻播放:竹竿形變、鋼絲的扭轉形變。得出形變的概念及各類形變。[設計意圖:我從生活情景中引入新課,是為了激發(fā)學生的好奇心,為學生學習重點和難點內容作鋪墊。]設問:摩天大樓在風的吹拂下會不會擺動,發(fā)生形變嗎?演示微小形變放大實驗:由于這種形變不容易觀察,會使學生產生疑問:到底有沒有發(fā)生形變?解決的辦法是微小形變的演示實驗。為什么光點會往下移?讓學生帶著問題思考后得出結論:是由于桌面發(fā)生了形變,但是形變不明顯。為后面解決壓力和支持力都是彈力做好鋪墊。[設計意圖:使學生知道“放大”是一種科學探究的方法。]
通過這個示例呢,我們可以得到解決向心力問題的一般的步驟,確定對象,找出軌跡,找出圓心,然后進行受力分析,讓同學們參考這樣的步驟,逐步的解決圓周運動的問題,對于變速圓周運動,我通過鏈球運動進行引入,這里是一個鏈球運動的視頻,在同學們觀看視頻之前,我給同學們提出問題,鏈球收到繩子的拉力,做的是勻速圓周運動嗎? 然后再課堂上我們再做一個小實驗, 我們可以通過改變拉線的方式來調節(jié)小球的速度大小嗎? 那么對小球,做加速圓周運動,進行受力分析,我們可以看到,小球做加速運動時,他所受到的力,并不是嚴格通過軌跡的圓心,在進行分析的時候,特別強調,小桶所受力的切線方向分力,和法線方向分力,切線方向分力,改變小球運動速度大小,法線方向分力,改變了小球運動的方向,法線方向的分力,在這里就是向心力,產生了向心加速度,通過這樣一個例子進行分析,同學們是比較容易理解的,
觀點一:沒有無義務的權利,也沒有無權利的義務;觀點二權利與義務是完全對等的。根據學生的回答,教師點撥歸納,一般來說,權利與義務是對等的,因為沒有義務的權利只能是特權,而沒有權利的義務只能是奴役,只有將權利與義務有機結合起來,才能構成一個符合社會發(fā)展要求的公民社會,在討論和思考中,使學生樹立正確的觀點,引導學生多方面、多角度地辯證認識權利與義務的關系。(3)個人利益和國家利益相結合的原則。引出汶川大地震中一些先進人物事跡,但另外也有一些人發(fā)國難財?shù)娜耍绾谛拿奘录?,針對上述材料,請同學們談談自己的看法。引導學生理解國家和公民個人利益在根本上是一致的,當個人利益與國家利益發(fā)生矛盾時,個人利益要服從國家利益。通過案例分析,培養(yǎng)學生獲取信息的能力,自主學習的能力以及全面看問題的能力,再結合教師的講授,給學生一種茅塞頓開的感覺。
《矛盾是事物發(fā)展的源泉和動力》是人教版普通高中課程標準實驗教科書,《思想政治》必修第4冊,《生活與哲學》第3單元第9課的第1框的內容。本節(jié)課的這部分內容,是在學生們學習了上一框用發(fā)展練習的觀點看問題的基礎上展開的,本框通過矛盾同一性和斗爭性,普遍性與特殊性這兩大關系,揭示矛盾是事物發(fā)展的源泉和動力。矛盾是本書的一個重要觀點。對于學生樹立正確的人生觀以及下一階段的學習都用很重要的作用。二、說教學目標(每個說1~2個)按照新課標教學目標,結合著高二年級學生他們的認知結構及其心理特征,我制定了以下的教學目標:1、知識目標:通過學習掌握矛盾的含義。矛盾的同一性和斗爭性。矛盾的普遍性和特殊性。2、過程與方法的目標:使學生初步形成用矛盾的統(tǒng)一性和斗爭性相統(tǒng)一的觀點認識和把握事物的能力,以及通過運用矛盾普遍性和特殊性辯證關系的原理認識和解決問題的能力。
環(huán)節(jié)三情景模擬 情感升華首先:1、本課開始觀看的視頻中:選出村長體現(xiàn)了村民參加選舉的什么態(tài)度?生活中一些人“多我一票不多,少我一票不少,選舉與我無關"的想法2、你如何看待上述兩種不同態(tài)度?為什么?發(fā)表你的看法【教師這個過程中點撥、引導】如果我們都不珍惜自己的選舉權,那么我們的國家將會出現(xiàn)什么后果?3、那么作為將來選民和被選舉人,你們認為應具有那些政治素養(yǎng)才能適應?學生結合教材思考(1)(提示)不行使或不認真行使自己的選舉權,意味著我們將不能選舉出能為人民謀福利的當家人,意味著我們的國家將由重蹈舊中國的覆轍。(2)從態(tài)度上講:公民應積極參加選舉,認真行使這一權利,不斷增強公民意識和主人翁意識,增強公民的參與感和責任感。(3)從能力上講:要不斷提高公民的政治參與能力(政治素質、文化素質、議政能力),在周全考慮、理性判斷的基礎上,鄭重地投出自己的一票。
預測回答:成龍在影視,武術方面的價值,對于某個人,某個集團的價值。知識引導:人的價值體現(xiàn)在多方面的,可以是物質方面,也可以是精神方面,可以是對某個人或某個集團的價值,也可以是對人類和社會的價值。設置目的:從學生感興趣的人物入手,分析對人的價值的評價。讓學生自己分析總結,體現(xiàn)學生在新課改下的主體地位。從上述事例中我們可以看出人的價值是什么?如何評價?(學生活動)2.人的價值:在于創(chuàng)造價值,在于對社會的責任和貢獻,即通過自己的活動滿足自己所屬的社會、他人以及自己的需要。(幻燈片顯示)3.人的價值評價:看他的貢獻,最根本的是對社會發(fā)展和人類進步事業(yè)的貢獻。(幻燈片顯示)老師總結:對社會的貢獻并不是高高在上,不可觸及。只要是做自己該做的事,從身邊的小事做起,普普通通的勞動就是貢獻社會和他人。學生歸納:人生價值原理二、價值觀的導向作用(板書)1.價值觀的含義人們在認識各種具體事物的價值的基礎上,形成對事物價值的總的看法和根本觀點。
(三)探究新知,建立模型這一環(huán)節(jié)是課堂教學的主體部分,是學習知識、培養(yǎng)能力的主要途徑。先是讓學生獨立思考,討論交流,在具體的生活情境中讓整個學習過程充滿生活氣息,使學生學會借助生活經驗思考探索問題,培養(yǎng)他們運用數(shù)學知識解決日常生活中的實際問題的能力,獲得分析問題和解決問題的一些基本方法,培養(yǎng)應用意識。(四)歸納總結,發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律通過總結,使學生盲目無序的思考變得有序,使生活化的思維方式得以數(shù)學化,使寬泛膚淺的認識得以提煉和升華。(五)鞏固練習,拓展延伸通過學習,了解學生本節(jié)課的掌握情況。體現(xiàn)了數(shù)學的真正價值,數(shù)學來源于生活,又應用于生活。(六)課堂小結,課后延伸使學生在重溫學習的過程中獲得積極的情感體驗,使知識的脈絡更清晰。
第一環(huán)節(jié):關于勞動光榮和就業(yè)的意義。這兩個問題學生在自主閱讀的基礎上,教師設疑,給出兩個人物事跡,一是農民工劉俊剛把青春獻給第二個家鄉(xiāng)的城市美容師;一是北大學子李彥宏自主創(chuàng)業(yè),創(chuàng)建百度公司,啟發(fā)學生比較、思考。很多學生傾向于要做李彥宏,教師則適時引導:難道清潔工的勞動不重要嗎?經過辯論,歸納出勞動和就業(yè)的意義。接著利用教材中李師傅的事例,進行問題探究,“李師傅找不到工作的原因是什么?”從主客觀兩方面分析,帶著問題進入到下一環(huán)節(jié)學習。第二環(huán)節(jié):突出重點。多媒體展示:通過數(shù)字的列舉及對占有材料的分析,既看到了我國就業(yè)形勢嚴峻,也介紹了國家關注民生,實施積極的就業(yè)政策。在此基礎上,教師啟發(fā)學生歸納“我國就業(yè)嚴峻的原因及對策?”學生把教材理論與生活中的現(xiàn)實材料相結合,進行探究,得出就業(yè)形勢嚴峻的主要原因及其相應對策。
教學內容與分析本課內容是大眾傳媒的變遷,首先解題,了解什么是大眾傳媒。大眾傳媒就是傳播大眾信息的媒體,進入近代社會以來,人與人之間的聯(lián)系變得越來越密切,社會化程度大大加深,需要有一種大眾化、傳播速度快、傳播范圍廣的媒介作為人與人之間進行信息溝通的渠道,人類社會的傳媒手段應運而生,可由學生總結出有哪些主要的方式。報刊、影視、廣播,這三種大眾傳播媒體的依次出現(xiàn),給人們的生活方式帶來了巨大的變化,被稱為三大媒介。由于互聯(lián)網同報紙、廣播和電視三大媒介一樣,具有傳播信息的功能,所以被稱為“第四媒介”,即“網絡媒介”。通過本節(jié)課的學習使學生了解中國近代社會生活的變化,體會歷史和時代發(fā)展的必然性,能夠站在發(fā)展的角度、用歷史的眼光思考問題。
3、清代的“閉關鎖國”政策:(1)原因:①根本原因:自給自足的封建自然經濟;②客觀原因:西方殖民者向東方殖民擴張;③直接原因:對付東南沿海人民的抗清斗爭(2)內容:嚴格限制對外貿易。但并不是禁絕海外貿易。康熙晚期,禁止商人前往南洋貿易;乾隆時只開廣州一處通商,并設立政府特許的貿易機構廣州“十三行”統(tǒng)一經營管理對外貿易。(3)后果:①閉關鎖國政策妨礙了海外市場的開拓,抑制了資本的原始積累,從而阻礙了資本主義萌芽的發(fā)展。②閉關鎖國政策隔絕了中國與外界的聯(lián)系,從而阻斷了中國學習西方的先進科學技術,阻礙了生產力發(fā)展,使中國落后于世界潮流。③“閉關鎖國”政策在一定程度上也保護了國家的安全。教師可以設置問題:17-18世紀中國顯露出哪些危機?