The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語從句中的“關系代詞+助動詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否根據(jù)上下文語境或情景恢復句子中省略的成分,體會使用省略的效果;3、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否獨立完成練習冊和導學案中的相關練習。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否結合文本特點了解文章的結構和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否了解舊金山的城市風貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會多元文化對美國的影響。
該板塊的活動主題是“介紹一個有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過介紹中國城繼續(xù)聚焦中國文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國文化與美國多元文化的關系,它是美國多元文化的重要組成部分。中國城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國文化的重要窗口,外國人在中國城能近距離體驗中國文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
一、說教材本節(jié)課選自于人教版語文必修二第二單元詩三首中的一首詩歌,它是陶淵明歸隱后的作品。寫的是田園之樂,實際表明的是作者不愿與世俗同流合污的心聲,甘愿守著自己的拙志回歸田園。學習該詩,有助于學生了解山水田園詩的特點,感受者作者不同流俗的高尚情操,同時可以培養(yǎng)學生初步的鑒賞古典詩歌的能力。
科學是人類認識世界的重要工具,閱讀科普說明文不僅可以啟迪心智,了解更多知識。而且更夠激發(fā)學生對科學的興趣。學習這些文章要注重學生科學精神的培養(yǎng),關注科學探索的過程,感受科學家在科學探索中表現(xiàn)的人格魅力。我們知道一些科學家就是因為閱讀了相關的科普文章才對某一學科產生興趣,從而走上成功之路的。我們在講解的時候可以跟學生列舉一些例子,讓學生認識到一篇好的科普文章的重大意義。
討論交流:正是靠著這種民族精神,我國建成了一個個大油田。到1965年,中國的石油基本實現(xiàn)自給。5、補充資料1964年10月16日和1967年6月17日,中國西北羅布泊大漠中,升起了蘑菇狀的煙云。我國相繼成功爆炸了第一顆原子彈和第一顆氫彈,成為繼美國、蘇聯(lián)、英國之后第四個同時擁有原子彈和核彈的國家。中國從此擁有了保家衛(wèi)國、捍衛(wèi)和平的核力量。交流鄧稼先故事1950年8月,鄧稼先在美國獲得博士學位九天后,便謝絕了恩師和同校好友的挽留,毅然決定回國。同年10月,鄧稼先來到中國科學院近代物理研究所任研究員。在北京外事部門的招待會上,有人問他帶了什么回來。他說:“帶了幾雙眼下中國還不能生產的尼龍襪子送給父親,還帶了一腦袋關于原子核的知識。”此后的八年間,他進行了中國原子核理論的研究。
在這段教學中可以插入世界主要鐵礦、煤礦,以及我國主要的礦產基地、鋼鐵生產基地的相關內容,不失為區(qū)域地理知識的很好補充和鞏固。那么從現(xiàn)狀來看我國的鋼鐵產業(yè)基地多數(shù)污染較為嚴重,可見工業(yè)區(qū)位的選擇同樣要顧及到環(huán)境的因素,由此引入下一部分的內容。除了傳統(tǒng)意義上的工業(yè)區(qū)位因素外,環(huán)境、政策以及決策者的理念和心理等日益受到人們的關注。在這段文字的處理上,只需進行概念、道理上的陳述即可,重點要放在污染工業(yè)在城市中的布局這一知識點上。首先要了解什么工業(yè)會造成怎樣的污染,然后根據(jù)污染的類別分別講解不同的應對方略,最后將配以適當?shù)睦}以期提高學生的整體把握程度和綜合運用能力。最后將對本節(jié)內容進行小結,要在小結中闡述清楚本節(jié)課的兩大內容:即工業(yè)的區(qū)位因素和工業(yè)區(qū)位的選擇。然后點明本節(jié)課的主要知識點、難點、重點。在時間允許的情況下可以適當安排幾道有關主導產業(yè)和城市工業(yè)布局的例題加以練習。
新知探究我們知道,等差數(shù)列的特征是“從第2項起,每一項與它的前一項的差都等于同一個常數(shù)” 。類比等差數(shù)列的研究思路和方法,從運算的角度出發(fā),你覺得還有怎樣的數(shù)列是值得研究的?1.兩河流域發(fā)掘的古巴比倫時期的泥版上記錄了下面的數(shù)列:9,9^2,9^3,…,9^10; ①100,100^2,100^3,…,100^10; ②5,5^2,5^3,…,5^10. ③2.《莊子·天下》中提到:“一尺之錘,日取其半,萬世不竭.”如果把“一尺之錘”的長度看成單位“1”,那么從第1天開始,每天得到的“錘”的長度依次是1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,… ④3.在營養(yǎng)和生存空間沒有限制的情況下,某種細菌每20 min 就通過分裂繁殖一代,那么一個這種細菌從第1次分裂開始,各次分裂產生的后代個數(shù)依次是2,4,8,16,32,64,… ⑤4.某人存入銀行a元,存期為5年,年利率為 r ,那么按照復利,他5年內每年末得到的本利和分別是a(1+r),a〖(1+r)〗^2,a〖(1+r)〗^3,a〖(1+r)〗^4,a〖(1+r)〗^5 ⑥
高斯(Gauss,1777-1855),德國數(shù)學家,近代數(shù)學的奠基者之一. 他在天文學、大地測量學、磁學、光學等領域都做出過杰出貢獻. 問題1:為什么1+100=2+99=…=50+51呢?這是巧合嗎?試從數(shù)列角度給出解釋.高斯的算法:(1+100)+(2+99)+…+(50+51)= 101×50=5050高斯的算法實際上解決了求等差數(shù)列:1,2,3,…,n,"… " 前100項的和問題.等差數(shù)列中,下標和相等的兩項和相等.設 an=n,則 a1=1,a2=2,a3=3,…如果數(shù)列{an} 是等差數(shù)列,p,q,s,t∈N*,且 p+q=s+t,則 ap+aq=as+at 可得:a_1+a_100=a_2+a_99=?=a_50+a_51問題2: 你能用上述方法計算1+2+3+… +101嗎?問題3: 你能計算1+2+3+… +n嗎?需要對項數(shù)的奇偶進行分類討論.當n為偶數(shù)時, S_n=(1+n)+[(2+(n-1)]+?+[(n/2+(n/2-1)]=(1+n)+(1+n)…+(1+n)=n/2 (1+n) =(n(1+n))/2當n為奇數(shù)數(shù)時, n-1為偶數(shù)
二、典例解析例4. 用 10 000元購買某個理財產品一年.(1)若以月利率0.400%的復利計息,12個月能獲得多少利息(精確到1元)?(2)若以季度復利計息,存4個季度,則當每季度利率為多少時,按季結算的利息不少于按月結算的利息(精確到10^(-5))?分析:復利是指把前一期的利息與本金之和算作本金,再計算下一期的利息.所以若原始本金為a元,每期的利率為r ,則從第一期開始,各期的本利和a , a(1+r),a(1+r)^2…構成等比數(shù)列.解:(1)設這筆錢存 n 個月以后的本利和組成一個數(shù)列{a_n },則{a_n }是等比數(shù)列,首項a_1=10^4 (1+0.400%),公比 q=1+0.400%,所以a_12=a_1 q^11 〖=10〗^4 (1+0.400%)^12≈10 490.7.所以,12個月后的利息為10 490.7-10^4≈491(元).解:(2)設季度利率為 r ,這筆錢存 n 個季度以后的本利和組成一個數(shù)列{b_n },則{b_n }也是一個等比數(shù)列,首項 b_1=10^4 (1+r),公比為1+r,于是 b_4=10^4 (1+r)^4.
新知探究國際象棋起源于古代印度.相傳國王要獎賞國際象棋的發(fā)明者,問他想要什么.發(fā)明者說:“請在棋盤的第1個格子里放上1顆麥粒,第2個格子里放上2顆麥粒,第3個格子里放上4顆麥粒,依次類推,每個格子里放的麥粒都是前一個格子里放的麥粒數(shù)的2倍,直到第64個格子.請給我足夠的麥粒以實現(xiàn)上述要求.”國王覺得這個要求不高,就欣然同意了.假定千粒麥粒的質量為40克,據(jù)查,2016--2017年度世界年度小麥產量約為7.5億噸,根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù),判斷國王是否能實現(xiàn)他的諾言.問題1:每個格子里放的麥粒數(shù)可以構成一個數(shù)列,請判斷分析這個數(shù)列是否是等比數(shù)列?并寫出這個等比數(shù)列的通項公式.是等比數(shù)列,首項是1,公比是2,共64項. 通項公式為〖a_n=2〗^(n-1)問題2:請將發(fā)明者的要求表述成數(shù)學問題.
我們知道數(shù)列是一種特殊的函數(shù),在函數(shù)的研究中,我們在理解了函數(shù)的一般概念,了解了函數(shù)變化規(guī)律的研究內容(如單調性,奇偶性等)后,通過研究基本初等函數(shù)不僅加深了對函數(shù)的理解,而且掌握了冪函數(shù),指數(shù)函數(shù),對數(shù)函數(shù),三角函數(shù)等非常有用的函數(shù)模型。類似地,在了解了數(shù)列的一般概念后,我們要研究一些具有特殊變化規(guī)律的數(shù)列,建立它們的通項公式和前n項和公式,并應用它們解決實際問題和數(shù)學問題,從中感受數(shù)學模型的現(xiàn)實意義與應用,下面,我們從一類取值規(guī)律比較簡單的數(shù)列入手。新知探究1.北京天壇圜丘壇,的地面有十板布置,最中間是圓形的天心石,圍繞天心石的是9圈扇環(huán)形的石板,從內到外各圈的示板數(shù)依次為9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81 ①2.S,M,L,XL,XXL,XXXL型號的女裝上對應的尺碼分別是38,40,42,44,46,48 ②3.測量某地垂直地面方向上海拔500米以下的大氣溫度,得到從距離地面20米起每升高100米處的大氣溫度(單位℃)依次為25,24,23,22,21 ③
二、典例解析例3.某公司購置了一臺價值為220萬元的設備,隨著設備在使用過程中老化,其價值會逐年減少.經(jīng)驗表明,每經(jīng)過一年其價值會減少d(d為正常數(shù))萬元.已知這臺設備的使用年限為10年,超過10年 ,它的價值將低于購進價值的5%,設備將報廢.請確定d的范圍.分析:該設備使用n年后的價值構成數(shù)列{an},由題意可知,an=an-1-d (n≥2). 即:an-an-1=-d.所以{an}為公差為-d的等差數(shù)列.10年之內(含10年),該設備的價值不小于(220×5%=)11萬元;10年后,該設備的價值需小于11萬元.利用{an}的通項公式列不等式求解.解:設使用n年后,這臺設備的價值為an萬元,則可得數(shù)列{an}.由已知條件,得an=an-1-d(n≥2).所以數(shù)列{an}是一個公差為-d的等差數(shù)列.因為a1=220-d,所以an=220-d+(n-1)(-d)=220-nd. 由題意,得a10≥11,a11<11. 即:{█("220-10d≥11" @"220-11d<11" )┤解得19<d≤20.9所以,d的求值范圍為19<d≤20.9
二、典例解析例10. 如圖,正方形ABCD 的邊長為5cm ,取正方形ABCD 各邊的中點E,F,G,H, 作第2個正方形 EFGH,然后再取正方形EFGH各邊的中點I,J,K,L,作第3個正方形IJKL ,依此方法一直繼續(xù)下去. (1) 求從正方形ABCD 開始,連續(xù)10個正方形的面積之和;(2) 如果這個作圖過程可以一直繼續(xù)下去,那么所有這些正方形的面積之和將趨近于多少?分析:可以利用數(shù)列表示各正方形的面積,根據(jù)條件可知,這是一個等比數(shù)列。解:設正方形的面積為a_1,后續(xù)各正方形的面積依次為a_2, a_(3, ) 〖…,a〗_n,…,則a_1=25,由于第k+1個正方形的頂點分別是第k個正方形各邊的中點,所以a_(k+1)=〖1/2 a〗_k,因此{a_n},是以25為首項,1/2為公比的等比數(shù)列.設{a_n}的前項和為S_n(1)S_10=(25×[1-(1/2)^10 ] )/("1 " -1/2)=50×[1-(1/2)^10 ]=25575/512所以,前10個正方形的面積之和為25575/512cm^2.(2)當無限增大時,無限趨近于所有正方形的面積和
情景導學古語云:“勤學如春起之苗,不見其增,日有所長”如果對“春起之苗”每日用精密儀器度量,則每日的高度值按日期排在一起,可組成一個數(shù)列. 那么什么叫數(shù)列呢?二、問題探究1. 王芳從一歲到17歲,每年生日那天測量身高,將這些身高數(shù)據(jù)(單位:厘米)依次排成一列數(shù):75,87,96,103,110,116,120,128,138,145,153,158,160,162,163,165,168 ①記王芳第i歲的身高為 h_i ,那么h_1=75 , h_2=87, 〖"…" ,h〗_17=168.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)h_i中的i反映了身高按歲數(shù)從1到17的順序排列時的確定位置,即h_1=75 是排在第1位的數(shù),h_2=87是排在第2位的數(shù)〖"…" ,h〗_17 =168是排在第17位的數(shù),它們之間不能交換位置,所以①具有確定順序的一列數(shù)。2. 在兩河流域發(fā)掘的一塊泥板(編號K90,約生產于公元前7世紀)上,有一列依次表示一個月中從第1天到第15天,每天月亮可見部分的數(shù):5,10,20,40,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,208,224,240. ②
課前小測1.思考辨析(1)若Sn為等差數(shù)列{an}的前n項和,則數(shù)列Snn也是等差數(shù)列.( )(2)若a1>0,d<0,則等差數(shù)列中所有正項之和最大.( )(3)在等差數(shù)列中,Sn是其前n項和,則有S2n-1=(2n-1)an.( )[答案] (1)√ (2)√ (3)√2.在項數(shù)為2n+1的等差數(shù)列中,所有奇數(shù)項的和為165,所有偶數(shù)項的和為150,則n等于( )A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12B [∵S奇S偶=n+1n,∴165150=n+1n.∴n=10.故選B項.]3.等差數(shù)列{an}中,S2=4,S4=9,則S6=________.15 [由S2,S4-S2,S6-S4成等差數(shù)列得2(S4-S2)=S2+(S6-S4)解得S6=15.]4.已知數(shù)列{an}的通項公式是an=2n-48,則Sn取得最小值時,n為________.23或24 [由an≤0即2n-48≤0得n≤24.∴所有負項的和最小,即n=23或24.]二、典例解析例8.某校新建一個報告廳,要求容納800個座位,報告廳共有20排座位,從第2排起后一排都比前一排多兩個座位. 問第1排應安排多少個座位?分析:將第1排到第20排的座位數(shù)依次排成一列,構成數(shù)列{an} ,設數(shù)列{an} 的前n項和為S_n。
1.判斷正誤(正確的打“√”,錯誤的打“×”)(1)函數(shù)f (x)在區(qū)間(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,則函數(shù)f (x)在這個區(qū)間上單調遞減. ( )(2)函數(shù)在某一點的導數(shù)越大,函數(shù)在該點處的切線越“陡峭”. ( )(3)函數(shù)在某個區(qū)間上變化越快,函數(shù)在這個區(qū)間上導數(shù)的絕對值越大.( )(4)判斷函數(shù)單調性時,在區(qū)間內的個別點f ′(x)=0,不影響函數(shù)在此區(qū)間的單調性.( )[解析] (1)√ 函數(shù)f (x)在區(qū)間(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,所以函數(shù)f (x)在這個區(qū)間上單調遞減,故正確.(2)× 切線的“陡峭”程度與|f ′(x)|的大小有關,故錯誤.(3)√ 函數(shù)在某個區(qū)間上變化的快慢,和函數(shù)導數(shù)的絕對值大小一致.(4)√ 若f ′(x)≥0(≤0),則函數(shù)f (x)在區(qū)間內單調遞增(減),故f ′(x)=0不影響函數(shù)單調性.[答案] (1)√ (2)× (3)√ (4)√例1. 利用導數(shù)判斷下列函數(shù)的單調性:(1)f(x)=x^3+3x; (2) f(x)=sinx-x,x∈(0,π); (3)f(x)=(x-1)/x解: (1) 因為f(x)=x^3+3x, 所以f^' (x)=〖3x〗^2+3=3(x^2+1)>0所以f(x)=x^3+3x ,函數(shù)在R上單調遞增,如圖(1)所示
自打我上小學,媽媽就讓我養(yǎng)成堅強、獨立的性格,自己的事自己做?! ∧鞘且粋€飄著毛毛細雨的早晨,我早早地出門去買早餐。對于平常吃慣了面包牛奶的媽媽,我多么想給她一個驚喜——為她買一碗熱騰騰的面。我買完面便匆匆往回趕?! ∥倚∨苤蠘牵M禳c把這個驚喜帶給媽媽。突然,我的腳下打了個滑,不但我自己摔了個狗啃泥,而且連滾燙的面也潑灑了我一手。我被燙得哇哇大哭,哭聲引來了媽媽,我哭喪著臉對媽媽訴苦,滿以為會得到一點同情與憐愛,可媽媽只是簡單地交代了幾句,便又遞給我錢,讓我重新去買一份。我大為震驚:媽媽怎么那么狠心呀?何況我又是個女孩,她居然都不安慰我一下,我到底是不是她親生的?我忍著疼痛和怒火接過媽媽給我的錢,又去買了一碗面。
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結構:to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時,動詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut