l意義(這里突破難點(diǎn)的方式手段——舉典型例;結(jié)合時(shí)事;討論。演繹歸納法運(yùn)用,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)各種感性材料進(jìn)行分析與歸納,形成一定的理性認(rèn)識(shí),做到理論與實(shí)際的緊密結(jié)合,提高學(xué)生的抽象思維能力。)接下來(lái)呢是課堂小結(jié),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)板書鞏固知識(shí)。(這里我運(yùn)用的是提綱式板書:這種形式的板書能夠突出課文的重點(diǎn),便于學(xué)生抓住要領(lǐng)、把握內(nèi)容、加深印象,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的分析概括能力。)布置作業(yè):也就是教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)環(huán)節(jié)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生課后搜集某個(gè)公司集團(tuán)發(fā)展歷程,并做一定思考,下節(jié)課和大家交流。(這樣設(shè)計(jì)呢這樣設(shè)計(jì)旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的實(shí)踐能力和動(dòng)手操作能力,加深對(duì)知識(shí)的理解)謝謝大家,我的說課就到這里。懇請(qǐng)大家批評(píng)指正。板書設(shè)計(jì):公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)一、公司的類型1、企業(yè)的含義2、公司的含義3、公司的類型:有限責(zé)任公司和股份有限公司
回歸生活:近幾年,我國(guó)市場(chǎng)上豬肉價(jià)格在不斷地波動(dòng)。請(qǐng)智囊團(tuán)商議:我們集團(tuán)如何才能避免重蹈“張老漢”的覆轍?學(xué)生活動(dòng):思考、發(fā)言、群策群力。教師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生從多角度分析,找出解決問題的不同方法。教師點(diǎn)撥:在豬肉價(jià)格波動(dòng)較大時(shí),我們除了調(diào)節(jié)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模,還可以采用引進(jìn)新品種、加強(qiáng)科學(xué)管理等手段來(lái)提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,從而在價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。同時(shí),我們要在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中站穩(wěn)腳跟,還必須以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向,生產(chǎn)適銷對(duì)路的高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品,做到“人無(wú)我有,人有我優(yōu),人優(yōu)我轉(zhuǎn)”。教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析:價(jià)格變動(dòng)對(duì)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的調(diào)節(jié)、對(duì)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的提高及促使企業(yè)生產(chǎn)適銷對(duì)路的高質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品,就是在價(jià)格、供求關(guān)系及市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的刺激下,價(jià)值規(guī)律發(fā)揮“棒子”(調(diào)節(jié)資源配置)、“鞭子”(鞭策個(gè)別勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的提高)及“篩子”(優(yōu)勝劣汰)作用的結(jié)果,從而將本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容與第一框題有機(jī)聯(lián)系在一起,幫助學(xué)生從不同角度更深刻的理解價(jià)值規(guī)律的作用。
在學(xué)生明確了稅收的含義之后,我將分別對(duì)稅收的三個(gè)基本特征進(jìn)行解析。在講解了之后,并分別用實(shí)例對(duì)其進(jìn)行說明,加深學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的印象。最重要的是,總結(jié)出關(guān)鍵的字眼,使得學(xué)生能夠清晰的區(qū)分出稅收的三個(gè)基本特征。將強(qiáng)制性概括為依法征稅、依法納稅;無(wú)償性概括為不具有償還性和返還型;固定性概括為規(guī)定應(yīng)不應(yīng)納稅、納什么稅、納多少稅。并跟學(xué)生指出,強(qiáng)制性是基本前提,無(wú)償性是核心。由此根據(jù)書上的內(nèi)容,推導(dǎo)出稅收的三個(gè)基本特征相互之間的關(guān)系,即:三者缺一不可,統(tǒng)一于稅法。而且,無(wú)償性要求強(qiáng)制性,強(qiáng)制性保障無(wú)償性;而無(wú)償性與強(qiáng)制性又共同決定固定性。從而結(jié)束新課講授。3、課堂總結(jié)根據(jù)板書內(nèi)容重新回顧本課學(xué)習(xí)的主要內(nèi)容,包括稅收的含義,以及稅收的三個(gè)基本特征和它們之間的相互關(guān)系。4、作業(yè)布置讓學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)稅收的種類的內(nèi)容,尤其是增值稅和個(gè)人所得稅。同時(shí)了解父母每月所繳納的個(gè)人所得稅和怎么計(jì)算的。
(三)課堂小結(jié)接著進(jìn)行課堂小結(jié),先讓學(xué)生自主總結(jié),教師結(jié)合學(xué)生的總結(jié),補(bǔ)充完善總結(jié)本節(jié)課的知識(shí)。并進(jìn)行感情升華。這樣設(shè)計(jì)課堂小結(jié),是為了讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)自主總結(jié)知識(shí),加深印象,教師總結(jié)幫助學(xué)生理清本課知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),并起到升華本節(jié)課的感情基調(diào),落實(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。(四)課堂練習(xí)我將設(shè)計(jì)兩道題讓同學(xué)們做,鞏固課堂知識(shí)。本課題板書設(shè)計(jì)我主要采用大綱的形式展現(xiàn),讓學(xué)生一目了然,便于識(shí)記和理解主干知識(shí)。五、教學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)最后我對(duì)本節(jié)課教學(xué)的效果進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè):在這個(gè)教學(xué)過程中我都是從學(xué)生生活中感知的現(xiàn)象入手,設(shè)計(jì)情境,預(yù)設(shè)學(xué)生的分析,學(xué)生的體驗(yàn),學(xué)生的感知,教師的點(diǎn)撥等。設(shè)計(jì)問題,學(xué)生自主合作探究,完成教學(xué)!通過這樣的學(xué)習(xí)我想一定會(huì)收到較好的教學(xué)效果,當(dāng)然,在實(shí)際的教學(xué)中,肯定也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的情況,我還會(huì)根據(jù)教學(xué)過程中的動(dòng)態(tài)變化,及時(shí)地調(diào)整和修改預(yù)設(shè)內(nèi)容。
環(huán)節(jié)四 課堂小結(jié) 鞏固知識(shí)本節(jié)課我采用線索性的板書,整個(gè)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然,為了充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生在課堂的主體地位,我將課堂小結(jié)交由學(xué)生完成,請(qǐng)學(xué)生根據(jù)課堂學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,結(jié)合我的板書設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)進(jìn)行小結(jié),以此來(lái)幫助教師在第一時(shí)間掌握學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)信息的反饋,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納分析能力、概括能力。環(huán)節(jié)五 情景回歸,情感升華我的實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)老師告訴過我們,政治這一門學(xué)科要從生活中來(lái)到生活去,所以在課堂的最后讓學(xué)生考察自己所在社區(qū)存在的問題,然后制定監(jiān)督方案,以此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)理論的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力,同時(shí)檢驗(yàn)他們對(duì)知識(shí)的真正掌握情況,以此達(dá)到情感的升華,本節(jié)課,我根據(jù)建構(gòu)主義理論,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的中心,學(xué)生是知識(shí)意義的主動(dòng)建構(gòu)者,是信息加工的主體,要強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的參與性、以及探究性,不僅讓他們懂得知識(shí),更讓他們相信知識(shí),并且將知識(shí)融入到實(shí)踐當(dāng)中去,最終達(dá)到知、情、意、行的統(tǒng)一。
2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(說板書設(shè)計(jì))On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.
Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:
Purpose of my design:To ask the students to do these two tasks will make the Ss predict the story of this passage. As a result, it will deepen Ss’ memory of this story because they will have their own understanding of this story.Step 3. While-readingTask 1. (Individual work _____min)Skimming: ask students to skim the text and the main ideas of each paragraph in this passage. Please read it quickly and then match the sentences with the letters.Task 2. (Individual work _____min)Scanning: read the text quickly and decide the whether the following statements are true or false and give reasons.Task 3. (Pair work _____min)Listen to the tape and fill in the banks. Then read the paragraph with expression to your partner.Task4 (individual work min)Listen to the tape again and write down the main idea in one sentence.Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trainedStep 4. Post-readingTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; _____min)Discussion (group of 4):1. If you were Hippomenes, would you run against Atlanta?2. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? Why or why not?Step 5. HomeworkPlease read the story again carefully after class and imagine: What will happen during the race between Hippomenes and Atlanta? Who do you think will win the race? Do you think Atlanta would marry Hippomenes? Write an end for the story with thses questions.Purpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.Part 5 Blackboard design
Good morning, distinguished judges:It’s my honor to talk about my teaching ideas with you. Today my topic is Women of Achievement. My presentation consists of six parts: the analysis of teaching material and student, teaching aims, key and difficult points, teaching and studying method, teaching procedures and blackboard design.First, let’s focus on the analysis of teaching material. This lesson is from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 4 Unit 1, the reading part. The main topic of the passage is the introduction of a student of Africanwildlife. After this lesson, the students will learn more information about her studying chimps in Africa, and their reading and speaking abilities can be developed as well.The next part is the analysis of students. My students are in senior high students. They have learnt English for many years, they’ve known many words and sentences, but their speaking and reading abilities are still not very good. So I will practice their speaking and reading abilities through different exercises.According to the New Standard Curriculum and the present situation, I set the teaching aims as follows: firstly, knowledge aims. Students can grasp some new words, such as worthwhile, move off. Moreover, students can understand the content of the passage and get familiar with the topic of studying chimps in wildlife. Secondly, ability aims. Students can use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in reading process. Thirdly, emotional aims. Students can have the awareness of protecting animals and care about animals.Based on the above analysis, the key point of this lesson is to get the main idea and the detailed information from the passage; the difficult point is to talk about the wildlife protection and use reading strategies.
通過寫文章梗概,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力,學(xué)習(xí)用恰當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z(yǔ)描述科學(xué)家的故事。這是本課的教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。教師可以使用完形填空的方式來(lái)幫助學(xué)生整理語(yǔ)篇,從而來(lái)降低難度。本課的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)的突破方法是:在閱讀前,讓學(xué)生初步了解得出科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)所需要的基本程序,從而輕松而自然地導(dǎo)入文章的閱讀;在閱讀過程中,由易到難設(shè)計(jì)快速閱讀和精讀的問題,層層推進(jìn)各種閱讀活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀內(nèi)容從整體感知到細(xì)節(jié)理解,最后深層讀懂整篇文章,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)閱讀策略的指導(dǎo),讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都主動(dòng)參與課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng),最終達(dá)到提高閱讀能力的目的。Step 4 Post-readingGroup Activities四人小組共同合作,在老師的適當(dāng)指導(dǎo)下,就以下2個(gè)問題展開討論,讓學(xué)生就所知、所學(xué)、所感和所想融入話題,然后抽若干同學(xué)代表作小組發(fā)言。1. What do you think about John Snow, and what should we learn from him?2. Cholera was 19th century disease, which two diseases are similar to cholera today? Why?
Teaching Aims:Knowledge 1. Get the students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this section. Aims:2. Let the students learn about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.1. Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different Ability reading skills. Aims:2. Enable students to learn to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack Emotional 1. Let students know more about the UK2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning Aims:Teaching Important Points:1. Let the students learn about the countries of the United Kingdom and the Union Jack2. Get the students to read the passage and know about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.3. Have the students learn different reading skills.Teaching Difficult Ponts:1. Develop students’ reading ability.2. Enable students to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack.3. Let students learn how the UK was formed geographically and historically.Teaching Methods:Showing pictures, asking, exercising, listening, reading etc.Teaching Aids:A computer,a projector and a blackboard.Teaching Procedures: 1) Show a map of the world, ask students the following questions:Where is the UK?What’s the full name of the UK?2) Ask the students work in pairs to do the quiz on Page 9.Do you want to test how many things you know about the United Kingdom? Let’s have a small test.Using the map on P9, students answer the following questions:?How many countries does the UK consist of? What are they??England is divided into three main areas. Do you know what they are? 1) Scanning (10Minutes )Let the students hold the questions asked in pre-reading and read the passagequickly and then let them do the following exercise.Join lines to the right answer.
二、教法、學(xué)法分析:我們都知道思想政治是一門培養(yǎng)人的實(shí)踐能力的重要學(xué)科。因此,在教學(xué)過程中,不僅要使學(xué)生“知其然”,還要使學(xué)生“知其所以然”,所以本節(jié)課我打算:在教法上,充分發(fā)揮教師的引導(dǎo)作用,讓學(xué)生真正的參與活動(dòng),而且在活動(dòng)中得到認(rèn)識(shí)和體驗(yàn),產(chǎn)生踐行的愿望?;诒究蝾}的特點(diǎn),我主要運(yùn)用了導(dǎo)學(xué)案法、學(xué)生辯論、分組討論、事例分析、活動(dòng)探究法等教學(xué)方法。在學(xué)法上,充分體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的主體地位,讓他們?cè)诨顒?dòng)中親自體驗(yàn)、由理論到實(shí)踐,變被動(dòng)接受為主動(dòng)探究。讓學(xué)生從機(jī)械的“學(xué)答”向“學(xué)問”轉(zhuǎn)變,從“學(xué)會(huì)”向“會(huì)學(xué)”轉(zhuǎn)變,成為真正的學(xué)習(xí)的主人。這節(jié)課在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方法和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力方面主要采取以下方法:思考評(píng)價(jià)法、分析歸納法、自主探究法、總結(jié)反思法。接下來(lái)我具體來(lái)談?wù)勥@一堂課的教學(xué)過程:
材料四:印度提倡“只生一個(gè)好”——鼓勵(lì)三人小家庭 生男生女都一樣材料五:印度尼西亞《人口發(fā)展與幸福家庭法》材料六:我國(guó)基本國(guó)策 計(jì)劃生育(小結(jié))通過對(duì)以上材料的分析我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論,不同的國(guó)家應(yīng)該采取不同的人口政策,對(duì)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家來(lái)說人口增長(zhǎng)緩慢,應(yīng)采取鼓勵(lì)生育,吸引移民的措施;發(fā)展中國(guó)家人口增長(zhǎng)較快,實(shí)行控制人口的政策已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。不論是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是發(fā)展中國(guó)家共同的目標(biāo)就是實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境人口和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展?!菊n堂小結(jié)】這節(jié)課我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了人口的自然增長(zhǎng),影響人口自然增長(zhǎng)的因素有哪些?(人口的自然增長(zhǎng)率和人口的基數(shù))世界人口的數(shù)量在不同的歷史時(shí)期表現(xiàn)出不同的特征,同一歷史時(shí)期的不同地區(qū),人口數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)又有不同的特點(diǎn)。面對(duì)不同的人口形勢(shì),各國(guó)應(yīng)采取不同的人口政策。
1.促使美國(guó)成為一個(gè)移民國(guó)家的因素是:①美洲屬于未開發(fā)的新大陸,需要大量的勞動(dòng)力;②歐洲失業(yè)工人和破產(chǎn)農(nóng)民增加,人們?yōu)榱俗非蟾玫慕?jīng)濟(jì)待遇遷往美洲;③新航線的開辟為人們順利遷移掃除了障礙;④殖民擴(kuò)張是人口遷移的促進(jìn)因素,加快了人口遷移的過程。導(dǎo)致美國(guó)人口在本土范圍內(nèi)頻繁遷移的原因,歸納起來(lái)有:第一次人口遷移是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)因素,第二次是城市化;第三次是自然環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的變化;第四次是經(jīng)濟(jì)格局的變化,即西部和南部新資源的發(fā)現(xiàn)和新興工業(yè)的發(fā)展。2.我國(guó)古代的人口遷移,深受統(tǒng)治者及其行政力量的束縛。封建帝王為了加強(qiáng)本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事實(shí)力,對(duì)人口遷移嚴(yán)加控制。只有當(dāng)戰(zhàn)亂發(fā)生的時(shí)候,這種控制才得到削弱,人們?yōu)榱硕惚軕?zhàn)亂,尋找安定的生活環(huán)境,不得不進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的遷移。我國(guó)近幾十年的人口遷移主要是由生產(chǎn)資料和勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量上的地區(qū)分布不平衡造成的,是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素在起主導(dǎo)作用,與古代的人口遷移截然不同。
教師:同學(xué)們想一想,這樣繳稅有什么好處呢?(可以避免對(duì)一個(gè)經(jīng)營(yíng)額重復(fù)征稅,防止前一環(huán)節(jié)企業(yè)偷漏稅,有利于促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)的專業(yè)化和體現(xiàn)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng),有利于財(cái)政收入穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)。)2.個(gè)人所得稅個(gè)人所得稅是國(guó)家對(duì)個(gè)人所得征收的稅收。納稅人是在我國(guó)境內(nèi)居住滿一年,從我國(guó)境內(nèi)外取得所得的個(gè)人,以及不在我國(guó)境內(nèi)居住和居住不滿一年,而從我國(guó)境內(nèi)取得所得的個(gè)人。請(qǐng)大家看教材“相關(guān)鏈接”及有關(guān)圖表,了解個(gè)人所得稅有關(guān)征稅項(xiàng)目、發(fā)展情況和計(jì)稅辦法。教師總結(jié):近二十多年來(lái),我國(guó)個(gè)人所得稅的征收發(fā)展迅速,這也反映了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、人民生活收入有了較大提 高。與增值稅的計(jì)稅方法不同,個(gè)人所得稅采用超額累進(jìn)稅率的計(jì)稅辦法,就是個(gè)人所得越高,稅率越高,納稅人個(gè)人收入越多,繳納個(gè)人所得稅越多。教師點(diǎn)撥:個(gè)人所得稅的計(jì)算 辦法是分段計(jì)算的,個(gè)人收入1600元以內(nèi)不計(jì)稅,多余1600元以上部分,按不同稅率分段計(jì)稅。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們計(jì)算教材所列題目。
8、文化傳播的含義:文化交流的過程,就是文化傳播的過程。 人們通過一定的方式傳遞知識(shí)、信息、觀念、情感和信仰,以及與此相關(guān)的所有社會(huì)交往活動(dòng),都可視為文化傳播。9、文化傳播的途徑(1)商業(yè)活動(dòng)。商人進(jìn)行貿(mào)易活動(dòng)時(shí),不僅通過商品交換將商品中蘊(yùn)涵的豐富文化加以交流,而且通過人與人之間的交往過程交流文化。(2)人口遷徙。每一次大規(guī)模的人口遷徙,都意味著大規(guī)模的文化傳播,都會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化產(chǎn)生極大的影響。(3)教育教育是文化傳播的又一重要途徑。人們通過學(xué)習(xí)各種文化課程,能夠獲得不同的文化知識(shí)。文化傳播是教育的重要功能。10、大眾傳媒:現(xiàn)代文化傳播的手段現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中的傳媒有報(bào)刊、廣播、電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多種形式,這類傳媒被稱為大眾傳媒。依托現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù),大眾傳媒能夠最大程度地超越時(shí)空的局限,匯集來(lái)自世界各地的信息,日益顯示出文化傳遞、溝通、共享的強(qiáng)大功能,已成為文化傳播的主要手段。
(1)繼承是發(fā)展的前提,發(fā)展是繼承的必然要求。 (2)在繼承的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展,在發(fā)展的過程中繼承。 7、影響文化發(fā)展的重要因素(1).社會(huì)制度的更替會(huì)對(duì)文化發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響。(2).科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步會(huì)對(duì)文化發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響。科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要因素,也是推動(dòng)文化發(fā)展的重要因素。自古以來(lái),科學(xué)技術(shù)中每一項(xiàng)重大發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明都推動(dòng)了人類社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展。(例如:當(dāng)代信息技術(shù))(3).思想運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)文化發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響思想運(yùn)動(dòng)往往成為社會(huì)變革的先導(dǎo),不同思想在思想運(yùn)動(dòng)中相互激蕩,不但催生著社會(huì)變革,也促進(jìn)了文化的發(fā)展。(4)、教育在文化傳承中的重要作用教育是人類特有的傳承文化的能動(dòng)性活動(dòng),具有選擇、傳遞、創(chuàng)造文化的特定功能,在人的教化與培育上始終扮演著重要的角色。隨著教育方式的不斷變革,教育在人類文化的傳承中將產(chǎn)生越來(lái)越大的影響。
(2)這樣的例子很多,如,有的同學(xué)利用自己掌握的計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí)制造黑客程序,破壞校園網(wǎng)的正常運(yùn)行;有的生產(chǎn)者和經(jīng)營(yíng)者制假售假,坑蒙拐騙;有的人身上存在著拜金主義傾向;等等。從上面的課堂探究中,我們認(rèn)識(shí)到:(1)出現(xiàn)道德沖突的原因:生活變化很快,不斷加快的城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程;新型產(chǎn)業(yè)的崛起與傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的衰落,使眾多勞動(dòng)者不得不面對(duì)新的擇業(yè)問題;網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及,使越來(lái)越多的人進(jìn)入社會(huì)交行的新天地;等等。在急劇變化的社會(huì)生活中,人們?cè)诟鎰e傳統(tǒng)?;罘绞降耐瑫r(shí),也常常遭遇思想道德下的“兩難選擇”。(2)解決道德沖突的重要途徑解決道德沖突的一個(gè)重要的途徑,就是在社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)的實(shí)踐中,加強(qiáng)自身知識(shí)文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng),不斷追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo)。◇課堂練習(xí):道德沖突()①是經(jīng)濟(jì)生活日益發(fā)展的反映②不存在于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中③是一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法解決的問題④是社會(huì)生活急劇變化的產(chǎn)物
(三)呼喚文化創(chuàng)新的時(shí)代(板書)1.人民群眾是文化創(chuàng)造的主體--(板書)師:【圖片文字展示】--《離騷》、《九歌》、《水滸傳》、《三國(guó)演義》均取材自民間,在民間口述文字的基礎(chǔ)上加工形成,所以,我們可以看到,文化創(chuàng)新的主體是誰(shuí)?生:人民群眾是文化創(chuàng)造的主體師:在新的歷史時(shí)期,我們的青少年應(yīng)該怎么做?生:虛心向人民群眾學(xué)習(xí),從人民群眾的偉大實(shí)踐和豐富多彩的生活中汲取營(yíng)養(yǎng),這是當(dāng)代中國(guó)文化工作者的使命和職責(zé)。2.文化工作者必須堅(jiān)定地走與人民群眾的實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的道路--(板書)3.當(dāng)代中國(guó)文化創(chuàng)作者的使命和職責(zé)。(板書)【課堂小結(jié)】通過本節(jié)課的探究學(xué)習(xí),我們認(rèn)識(shí)到文化創(chuàng)新的源泉和作用,要求我們虛心向人民群眾學(xué)習(xí),從人民群眾的偉大實(shí)踐和豐富多彩的生活中汲取營(yíng)養(yǎng),刻苦鉆研,銳意創(chuàng)新,為全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)而奮斗。
1.在激烈的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,美國(guó)為首“巴統(tǒng)”在對(duì)中國(guó)出口高科技產(chǎn)品的問題上采取了種種限制措施,以避免西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的高科技技術(shù)和設(shè)備流人中國(guó)。面對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的技術(shù)封鎖,我們應(yīng)該( )A.加速我國(guó)對(duì)外開放的步伐B.盡快改善與西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的關(guān)系C.努力提高自身的科技水平,增強(qiáng)本國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力D.立足于自力更生,努力開發(fā)所有的高科技技術(shù),以免受制于人答案:C解析:在當(dāng)今和未來(lái)的世界,經(jīng)濟(jì)是基礎(chǔ),科技是龍頭。因而,發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)是世界大多數(shù)國(guó)家最關(guān)心的問題。各國(guó)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來(lái)越多地轉(zhuǎn)向經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技領(lǐng)域。各國(guó)都已經(jīng)清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到,能否在科技發(fā)展上取得優(yōu)勢(shì),增強(qiáng)以經(jīng);濟(jì)和科技為基礎(chǔ)的綜合國(guó)力,最終將決定本國(guó)在國(guó)際上的地位。受各種主客觀條件的限制,任何國(guó)家都不可能開發(fā)出自己所需要的所有技術(shù),國(guó)家之間必須加強(qiáng)技術(shù)交流,互通有無(wú),共同發(fā)展?!鞍徒y(tǒng)”對(duì)我國(guó)進(jìn)行技術(shù)出口方面的限制是基于其敵視中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略需要。為了打破西方國(guó)家的對(duì)我國(guó)的技術(shù)限制,我國(guó)必須從自身出發(fā),提高自身的科技水平。