4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.P·P as adverbial: _________________________________________________________________.Function: _______________________________________________________________________.Step 5 Solid Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When _____________(question) by the media, they are not _____________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training class. They are united. _____________(fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. Step 6 Difference and similarity from -ingObserve the following examples.1. He went out, shutting the door behind him.=He went out, ________________________________________________________.2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.=__________________________________________, he went to his parents for help.Similarity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Difference : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Step Practice1. ________ in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因為寫得匆忙, 這篇文章不是很好。2. ________ carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔細(xì)讀書時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。3. ________ why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當(dāng)被問及他為什么要這么做時, 班長說這是他的職責(zé)
choir memberspeople to run food stands people to sell festival ticketspeople to sell music CDspeople to set up equipmentmusical performersStep 2: Listen to the announcement again and answer the questions. ? 1. What kind of songs will Grace Davis sing at the festival?? 2. Who can try out as a performer?? 3. What can those who think they do not have musical talent do?? 4. How can students volunteer to take part?? Talking about preferences:? Would you prefer doing ..?? What would you prefer to do?? Would you rather do .... or ….?? What would you rather do?? I'd prefer .... to ..? I'd rather have ... than .. Step 3: Speaking ProjectWork in groups. Role-play the conversation or make a new one.? Debbie: Where have you been? You missed the announcement about the music festival.? John: I was at the doctor's office. Music festival?? Frank: Yes, it's going to be next month on the school sports field. John, you can play the piano. How about playing it at the festival?? John: Well, I'd rather play the violin. I can play Liang Zhu.? Frank: Wow! Sounds good. What about you, Debbie? ? Debbie: Actually, I don't have much musical ability. I'd prefer just to help out with the crowds.? Frank: You can sell tickets or work at a food stand.? John: So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?? Debbie: Yes. All of the money will go to charity.
Step1:自主探究。1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage).4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.Step2:語法要點精析。用法1:過去分詞作表語1).過去分詞可放在連系動詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。注意:1).過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時,強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài);而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,強調(diào)動作。The library is now closed.(狀態(tài))圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(動作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2)感覺類及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”;現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”。
This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.
1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1:What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process
This section focuses on "learning about experiencing music Online". This virtual choir is a new form of music performance. Members from all over the world don't need to love to come to a place. Instead, they use the new technology to model the various parts and wonderful virtual harmony group of music in the family. Students need to understand the main meaning of each paragraph. Finding topic sentences is an important way to understand the general idea of a paragraph. After the topic sentence, it is usually the detail sentence that supports and explains the topic sentence. Some paragraphs have obvious subject sentences, for example, the first sentence of the second paragraph is the subject sentence of the paragraph, and the following sentenceStudents need to pay attention to the topic sentences and key sentences, and then pay attention to how the sentences after the meaning explain, explain and support the topic sentences or key sentences before.1.Guide students to learn about experiencing music online2.Guide students to scan and circle the information in the text.3.Guide students to find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.4.Guide students to learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases. And then make a mind map about the outline of the passage.1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the main meaning of each paragraph and understand the narrative characteristics of "timeline” in illustrative style.3. Lead students to understand the changes that have been caused by the Internet.
The Internet celebrity Gao Yifeng. Years ago, he owned 5 companies and the staffs over 1,000, but during the economy crisis, he became nothing but debt. He was so worried that his hair became white overnight. There was a time when he wanted to killed himself. But after listening to the song Start Over by Liu Huan, he decided to cheer himself up. He started a steamed bun shop and gradually became a national chain shops. Now he became successful again.Walter Haddon said, “Music is the medicine of a troubled mind.” Music contains such a pleasant and inspiring force. Music gave him courage and bravery. When he listened to the song, it made his spirit fly like a kite in the wind. Music gave him strength and brought him relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times. I hope none of us have to go through the same kind of suffering that he did. At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help us in the same way that it helped him. I hope we all will somehow begin to treasure music and make it a part of our life. Thank you for your listening !5.Revise your writing each other.Does he/she explain how music has changed his/her/someone else’s life?Are some of the rhetorical devices included and used properly ?Does he/she talk about how music makes him/her/someone feel?Is the first word in each sentences capitalised?Does he/she use correct punctuation ?
(4)Now we have heard a number of outstanding speeches ... 我們已經(jīng)聆聽了許多精彩的發(fā)言……(5)Because we wanted the nations of the world, working together, to deal with ... 因為我們希望全世界各國團結(jié)起來去應(yīng)對……(6)And if we do not act ... 如果我們不采取行動……(7)Now, I share the concerns that have been expressed ... 我也同意對于……表達(dá)的擔(dān)心(8)Let us show the world that by working together we can ... 讓我們告訴全世界,通過一起努力我們可以……(9)It is now time for us to ... 是時候我們……(10)And I have always wished that ... 我一直希望……(11)Thank you for letting me share this day with me.感謝你們和我共度這一天。實踐演練:假如你是高中生李華,你校將舉辦一次以“音樂”為主題的演講比賽,請你按照主題,寫下你的演講稿。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。First of all, thank you for listening to my speech. My topic is: love music like love yourself.Music is like the air we need to maintain our normal lives around us. You can't imagine how terrible a world without music would be. Movies and TV shows have no music, only dry conversations and scenes; mobile phones only vibrations; streets only noisy crowds; cafes, western restaurants only depressed meals. What a terrible world it is!As a student, I hope we all can enjoy the fun brought by music in our spare time. Instead of just listening to music, we can even make our own music. Let's enjoy the fun of music!Thanks again for your attention!
說課內(nèi)容:我說課的內(nèi)容是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)一年級上冊第五單元、第三課時、6、7的加減法應(yīng)用。我將從教材分析,教學(xué)目標(biāo)分析,教學(xué)重難點及突破方法,教學(xué)流程設(shè)計,4個方面來進行說課。一、說教材:1、內(nèi)容:本節(jié)課是在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)6、7加減法的基礎(chǔ)上展開教學(xué)的,教材第一次出現(xiàn)用情景圖呈現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)問題的形式,呈現(xiàn)了一個簡單求和求差的數(shù)學(xué)問題,使學(xué)生明確、知道兩個相關(guān)的信息和一個相關(guān)的問題,就構(gòu)成了一個簡單的數(shù)學(xué)問題。2、地位:從整個知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)來看,它也標(biāo)志著數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用題數(shù)學(xué)的開始,是向后面的文字應(yīng)用題過度的橋梁。二、說教學(xué)目標(biāo)通過對教材的分析,確立了如下教學(xué)目標(biāo):1.通過學(xué)習(xí)使學(xué)生認(rèn)識理解大括號和問號的意義,能借助圖畫正確分析題意。2.會用6和7的加減法解決生活中簡單問題,使學(xué)生切實感受到用學(xué)過的數(shù)學(xué)知識去解決簡單的實際問題的過程。3.初步感受數(shù)學(xué)與日常生活的密切聯(lián)系,體驗學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)、用數(shù)學(xué)的樂趣。
一、說教材1.教學(xué)內(nèi)容:義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實驗教科書人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)一年級上冊57頁及相關(guān)的練習(xí)題。2.教材的地位和作用:這節(jié)課是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)一年級上冊第五單元第57頁的內(nèi)容,是在學(xué)了6、7加減法中的用數(shù)學(xué):金色的秋天后進行教學(xué)的。大家知道,新教材中的“用數(shù)學(xué)”,類似于老教材中的應(yīng)用題。通過“用數(shù)學(xué)”教學(xué),既要求學(xué)生找到問題的答案,又要求學(xué)生在解決問題的過程中,掌握數(shù)量關(guān)系和應(yīng)用題的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,為學(xué)習(xí)更復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用題打好基礎(chǔ)。3.教學(xué)目標(biāo):(1)知識目標(biāo):使學(xué)生能夠正確掌握算理,能根據(jù)已知量和問號之間的關(guān)系選擇合適的計算方法列式計算。(2)能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生用所學(xué)知識解決實際問題的能力。(3)情感目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生體驗學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),用數(shù)學(xué)的樂趣,在學(xué)習(xí)中感受到熱愛自然保護環(huán)境方面的教育。4.教學(xué)重點:讓學(xué)生用學(xué)過的知識解決簡單的實際問題。5.教學(xué)難點:學(xué)生學(xué)會選擇解決問題的方法。
一、說教材《分?jǐn)?shù)的簡單應(yīng)用》是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)三年級上冊第八單元的知識。教材安排主要是先讓學(xué)生理解一個物體或者幾個物體都可以當(dāng)成一個整體進行平均分,會把一個整體平均分為幾部分,選擇其中的幾部分。根據(jù)學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)驗和知識背景及課本的知識特點,本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)定為:1、知識與技能:經(jīng)歷解決問題的過程,能根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)的含義,利用整數(shù)乘、除法來解決問題。2、過程與方法:通過分一分、拿一拿,理解情境中的數(shù)量關(guān)系,探求解決求一個數(shù)的幾分之幾的方法.3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:感悟數(shù)形結(jié)合的思想,初步了解分?jǐn)?shù)的在實際生活中的應(yīng)用和價值。本課教學(xué)的重點是:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)含義分析數(shù)量關(guān)系,并用整數(shù)乘除法來解決問題。
4、維新思想推動下的變法運動雖然失敗了。但這是中國近代真正意義上的一次思想解放潮流,為什么?展開:維新派提倡西學(xué),興民權(quán),對封建專制制度和傳統(tǒng)觀念進行了沖擊,促進了中國人民的覺醒,為資產(chǎn)階級民主思想的傳播奠定了基礎(chǔ),具有思想解放的啟蒙作用。是一次救亡圖存的愛國運動,也是一次發(fā)展資本主義的改革運動;他們提倡資產(chǎn)階級新學(xué),批判封建主義舊學(xué),引導(dǎo)人們重新認(rèn)識世界,他們痛感民族危機的嚴(yán)重,號召人們奮起救國,謀求國家的獨立富強;給古老的中國社會注入的活力是不可低估的,站在歷史長河的高度看,由傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕社會向近代工業(yè)社會轉(zhuǎn)變是一股不可抗拒的歷史潮流,盡管它在19世紀(jì)末的中國遭到了暫時挫折,但對清朝的封建專制統(tǒng)治卻是一次巨大的強烈的沖擊波,它留下的痕跡是永不磨滅的,是永遠(yuǎn)鼓舞與啟迪后人的。
3、運用目標(biāo)(1)運用所學(xué)知識說明世界真正的統(tǒng)一性就在于它的物質(zhì)性(2)運用所學(xué)知識及相關(guān)哲學(xué)原理,分析作為物質(zhì)觀發(fā)展的第一個基本階段,古代樸素唯物主義物質(zhì)觀的局限性,從分析論證中加深對辯證唯物主義物質(zhì)觀的科學(xué)性的理解(3)列舉實際事例,結(jié)合相關(guān)哲學(xué)原理,討論如果只承認(rèn)運動的絕對性,而否認(rèn)靜止的相對性會導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果,分析馬克思主義哲學(xué)為什么要堅持絕對運動與相對靜止的統(tǒng)一(4)世界是有規(guī)律的,規(guī)律是普遍的。列舉實際事例,分析任何事物都有其內(nèi)在的規(guī)律性,規(guī)律是客觀的,是不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的,但是人在規(guī)律目前并不是無能為力的二、能力目標(biāo)1、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自覺運用馬克思主義的物質(zhì)觀分析宇宙間一切事物及現(xiàn)象的能力2、鍛煉學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實際的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生正確認(rèn)識世界的本質(zhì),并能夠自覺地按照客觀規(guī)律辦事的能力
二是中國人口多、資源相對不足日益成為制約發(fā)展的突出矛盾。我國人均水資源擁有量僅為世界平均水平的1/4,600多個城市中,400多個缺水,其中110個嚴(yán)重缺水。我國人均耕地?fù)碛辛坎坏绞澜缙骄降?0%。石油、天然氣、銅和鋁等重要礦產(chǎn)資源的人均儲量分別只占世界人均水平的8.3%、4.1%、25.5%、9.7%。三是我國這20年來經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展,能源浪費大、環(huán)境破壞嚴(yán)重等問題日益凸顯,人與自然的矛盾從未像今天這樣突出。無序、無度的消耗,迅速透支我們寶貴的資源。以下是來自國家環(huán)??偩值囊唤M沉甸甸的數(shù)據(jù)。——從上世紀(jì)50到90年代,每年沙化土地擴大面積從560平方公里增加到2460平方公里,我國18個省的471個縣、近4億人口的耕地和家園正受到不同程度的荒漠化威脅。——1952年我國人均耕地2.82畝,2003年人均耕地減少到1.43畝,在各地轟轟烈烈的“圈地”熱潮中僅最近7年全國耕地就減少了1億畝,被占耕地大量閑置。
戰(zhàn)國陰陽五行家鄒衍認(rèn)為,歷史中的朝代更替是由于五德運行產(chǎn)生的影響。按照鄒衍的學(xué)說,每個朝代必須與五德之一相連,因此,這個朝代就應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循這五德之一的要求來運轉(zhuǎn)。董仲舒修改了這個理論,認(rèn)為朝代的更替不是依循五德運行的順序,而是依循“三統(tǒng)”,即黑統(tǒng)、白統(tǒng)、赤統(tǒng)的順序。他在《三代改制質(zhì)文》中說:每個朝代都依循一統(tǒng),每統(tǒng)又各有其為政的系統(tǒng)。按董仲舒的說法,夏朝代表黑統(tǒng),商朝代表白統(tǒng);周朝則是赤統(tǒng)。夏、商、周三朝完成了這一歷史循環(huán)。之后,歷史又開始一次新的循環(huán),新的朝代又應(yīng)當(dāng)代表黑統(tǒng)。繼承周朝統(tǒng)治的既不是秦朝,也不是漢朝,而是孔子,他承受天命,創(chuàng)立了黑統(tǒng)??鬃铀芴烀?,不是一種“法統(tǒng)”,而是一種“道統(tǒng)”。董仲舒說:“《春秋》大一統(tǒng)者,天地之常經(jīng),古今之通誼也。今師異道,人異論,百家殊方,指意不同,是以上亡以持一統(tǒng);法制數(shù)變,下不知所守。臣愚以為諸不在六藝之科孔子之術(shù)者,皆絕其道,勿使并進。邪辟之說滅息,然后統(tǒng)紀(jì)可一而法度可明,民知所從矣?!?/p>
評價分析法,就是引述事例后,對所引述的事例作適當(dāng)?shù)脑u價,從而使自己的觀點得到印證。例如,在論“節(jié)儉”時,引用了“曾國藩以儉戒子,其子曾紀(jì)澤終成出色的外交家;方志敏居官不貪,一生清貧,千古留名”的事實后,接著進行分析:是的,“儉者心常富”,節(jié)儉能培養(yǎng)人同困難作斗爭的勇氣和意志,而這正是一個人立業(yè)最重要的素質(zhì)。從這個意義上說,有人說饑餓是人生的佐料,吃苦是一種資本也不無道理,而自覺和戒奢尚儉則更是促人修身養(yǎng)性,磨煉意志的有效途徑。這里,作者緊扣論點,對論據(jù)進行了評價性分析,這種評價分析使作者的觀點得到強化。(四)因果分析法因果分析法,就是抓住論據(jù)所述的事實,并據(jù)此推求形成原因的一種分析方法。事出必有其因。我們可以依據(jù)事物發(fā)展變化的因果關(guān)系,由事物發(fā)展變化的結(jié)果,推導(dǎo)出產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的原因,從而揭示出一定的生活規(guī)律,使事例有力地證明觀點。
2、確立教育優(yōu)先發(fā)展地位,提出“科教興國”戰(zhàn)略:①提出“三個面向”指導(dǎo)方針;(即教育要面向現(xiàn)代化,面向世界,面向未來)1983年,當(dāng)我們國家的改革開放處在起步階段時,鄧小平同志以歷史的眼光,從戰(zhàn)略的高度,為北京景山學(xué)校題詞:“教育要面向現(xiàn)代化,面向世界,面向未來?!倍嗄陙?,這“三個面向”的題詞所蘊含的深刻的教育理念,已經(jīng)成為中國教育改革與發(fā)展的指針,“三個面向”的思想,已經(jīng)深入人心;成為我們教育改革的旗幟和靈魂。②改革教育制度,基礎(chǔ)、中等和高等教育全面發(fā)展;基礎(chǔ)教育——普及九年義務(wù)教育,制定《義務(wù)教育法》(2006年)中等教育——實行普通教育與職業(yè)教育并舉;高等教育——增設(shè)邊緣學(xué)科,建立學(xué)位制,擴大自主權(quán)③實施發(fā)展高等教育的“211工程”計劃;211工程"就是面向21世紀(jì),重點建設(shè)100所左右的高等學(xué)校和一批重點學(xué)科點。
(2)由來:《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是我國古典醫(yī)籍中現(xiàn)存最早的一部醫(yī)學(xué),在整個中醫(yī)的發(fā)展過程起著重要的作用。該書中闡述的理論,一直以來指導(dǎo)著整個中醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)的發(fā)展,是學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)不可缺少的一部經(jīng)典讀物,也是現(xiàn)代中醫(yī)院學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)時必讀的醫(yī)書。顧名思義,“內(nèi)經(jīng)”是講內(nèi)科方面的疾病,據(jù)《隋書.藝文志》記載,除了有《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》外,還有一本《黃帝外經(jīng)》。這兩本書是姊妹篇??磥?,《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是針對《黃帝外經(jīng)》說的。2、《傷寒雜病論》:集大成的中醫(yī)專著、“萬世寶典”(1)作者:東漢張仲景(2)內(nèi)容:全書分為“傷寒”和“雜病”兩大部分,(3)地位:創(chuàng)造性地提出辯證施治的方法,奠定了后世中醫(yī)臨床學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ),被后世醫(yī)家譽為“萬世寶典”。3、《本草綱目》:“東方藥物巨典”(1)作者:明朝李時珍(2)內(nèi)容:記錄各類藥物1892種、藥方一萬多個,還繪制了一千多幅藥物形態(tài)圖。(3)地位:這部重要的中藥學(xué)著作,是對16世紀(jì)以前中藥學(xué)的系統(tǒng)總結(jié),被稱為“東方藥物寶典”。
1.愛國主義是中華民族精神的核心愛國主義是中華民族精神的核心,它貫穿民族精神的各個方面。愛國主義是動員和鼓舞中國人團結(jié)奮斗的一面旗幟,是各族人民風(fēng)雨同舟、自強不息的精神支柱?!簏c撥:“文化名人”介紹了古代偉大的愛固詩人-一屈原愛祖國、愛人民、堅持真理、寧死不屈的偉大民族精神。◇課堂探究:你能說出它們的來歷嗎?你還知道哪些表達(dá)愛國情感的名言警句?◇探究提示:“茍利固家生死以,豈因禍福避趨之”是清代著名政治家和民族英雄林則徐的愛國名言;“天下興亡,匹夫有責(zé)”是明末清初著名思想家顧炎武的名言;“寄意寒星荃不察,我以我血薦軒轅”是魯迅的愛國名句。◇課堂探究:結(jié)合其中的一點,淡談自己打算如何做?!筇骄刻崾荆航Y(jié)合高中學(xué)生的實際。來談自己的打算,不要脫離實際泛泛而談。2.愛國主義是具體的在不同的歷史時期,愛國主義有共同的要求,也有不同的具體內(nèi)涵。在當(dāng)代中國,建設(shè)國特色社會主義,擁護祖國統(tǒng)一,就是新時期愛國主義的主題。
②在經(jīng)濟上:資本主義經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生并發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生工業(yè)革命,開始沖擊封建自然經(jīng)濟。③思想上:繼文藝復(fù)興后產(chǎn)生啟蒙運動,人們的思想觀念更加開放,動搖了封建統(tǒng)治的思想,沖擊封建統(tǒng)治,人們的民族、民主意識增強。④在文化上:近代自然科學(xué)蓬勃發(fā)展,奠定近代自然科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。⑤隨著新航路的開辟,工業(yè)革命開展,西方國家展開殖民掠奪與,各大洲之間相對孤立狀態(tài)被打破,世界日益成為一個相互影響、聯(lián)系緊密的整體。(2)①清朝統(tǒng)治者極力提供程朱理學(xué),殘酷壓抑進步思想.中國思想界“萬馬齊喑”,死氣沉沉。②中國傳統(tǒng)科技進入總結(jié)時期,現(xiàn)代科技水平落后,日益落在世界潮流后面;③人們封建落后意識濃厚.民族、民主意識薄弱。④以中因為中心的東亞文化圈浙漸稿失。⑤西學(xué)大量傳入中田,西學(xué)東漸現(xiàn)象不斷發(fā)晨,沖擊中國傳統(tǒng)思想文化。(3)①國家衰落使文化失去發(fā)展的政治、經(jīng)濟條件,加速了文化的衰落。國家衰落是文化衰落的決定性因素。②文化衰落是國家衰落的重要表現(xiàn),反映了國家衰落.不利于國家發(fā)展。