3、遺傳密碼的特點 連續(xù)性、簡并性、通用性5、課堂練習6、作業(yè)布置假如,我們利用(ACU)n核苷酸長鏈合成了含有蘇氨酸的多肽,那么蘇氨酸可能的密碼子有哪些?如何運用實驗方法確證蘇氨酸的密碼子究竟是什么?七、教學反思1、教材中豐富的科學史料,是我們在課堂上進行探究性學習活動的良好素材,教師要整理和運用好。千萬不要低估學生的思維能力,當學生的思維能力被你想方設法激發(fā)出來的時候,你會發(fā)現他們的創(chuàng)造力是無窮的。2、探究性學習的目的并不僅僅是問題的解決,更重要的是在探究過程中體驗和獲取科學研究方法,培養(yǎng)合作與分享的精神以及實事求是的科學態(tài)度,鍛煉思維能力,提高科學素養(yǎng)。3、學生是學習的主體,教師是引導者。我們要采取措施讓學生積極主動地參與到學習活動中來,通過他們的思考、討論、爭辯、合作等活動來獲取方法,建構知識。
這是略帶提高性的問題,旨在提高學生認識歷史的能力,搞清這一歷史問題有助于理解中西歷史發(fā)展的不同。(學生討論,教師總結歸納并展示。)不是資產階級民主思想,因為它們是資本主義萌芽的產物,資產階級作為一個階級還沒有產生。中國民主思想只停留在批判的層次上,并沒有提出新的思想,更沒有認識到人的基本權利。它沒有成為主流思想,因此沒有促進明清社會的轉型,尚未突破封建思想的束縛。而啟蒙思想集中力量批判專制主義、教權主義,描繪了未來資本主義社會的宏偉藍圖,開成了強大的社會思潮,推動了社會向資本主義社會的轉變。原因:(1)明清之際的資本主義萌芽較為脆弱,使早期民主思想的產生、發(fā)展缺乏強有力的物質基礎。(2)中國傳統文化的束縛和影響。(3)高度強化的專制中央集權制度的壓制使早期民主思想未能形成完整的體系。
(一)教材的地位新中國的成立是20世紀的一件大事。它結束了幾千年封建專制統治的歷史,開啟了中華民族發(fā)展的新紀元。本課側重這一時期一個非常顯著的特征,即制度的更新,它本身具有知識的延續(xù)性和鋪墊性。新中國的成立促進了社會經濟的發(fā)展,也為祖國的統一奠定了重要基礎。(二)教學目標依據新課程以人為本,促進學生全面發(fā)展的要求,同時,針對高一年級學生具備一定基礎知識但掌握不牢固,對歷史興趣濃厚但又自制能力差的特點,我對本課的三維目標設定如下:見多媒體。(三)教學重點的確定及處理本課的主題是新中國的民主政治建設,這個問題的掌握對以后學習中國民主政治建設的進程有很大幫助,并且學生能力的提高也有賴于對它的認識,所以確定“人民代表大會制度的創(chuàng)立”是教學重點。
一、說教材(一)教材的地位與作用本節(jié)內容是本單元知識結構中重要的一環(huán),具有承上啟下的作用。由于各種天氣現象的產生與大氣的熱力狀況、大氣的運動有密切的聯系,所以,本課是在綜合前兩節(jié)內容的基礎上,闡述常見的天氣現象的成因。在實際生活中,天氣系統與人們的生產、生活密切相關。本課所講的內容對于學生了解天氣變化的最基本因素,普及天氣預報知識具有積極的意義。(二)教學目標(1)知識與技能目標:⑴從圖片和簡易圖中,知道氣團(冷氣團、暖氣團)的概念;鋒的概念與分類;低壓(氣旋)、高壓(反氣旋)、高壓脊、低壓槽的概念。 ⑵從氣溫、氣壓、濕度、降水、風等幾方面分析各種天氣系統的形成及其氣流特點,并綜合出各種天氣系統控制下的天氣狀況。⑶知道低壓槽和高壓脊概念及在圖上的表示方法。(2)過程與方法目標:⑴讓學生能閱讀和簡單分析天氣圖,解釋天氣變化現象;⑵用案例說明氣象災害發(fā)生的原因和危害;
二、教學目標:(一)知識與能力:學生了解夏商周期的政治制度的內容和特點,對不同的政治制度有一個較為全面的認識。在此基礎上,學生根據所學的知識,歸納和評價從夏到周政治發(fā)展的特點以及內在規(guī)律。(二)過程與方法:在學習的過程中,采用小組合作討論的形式,讓學生學會與他人合作與溝通,提高自主探究的技能。(三)情感態(tài)度與價值觀:政治制度的不斷更新是古人制度創(chuàng)新的結果,而這種制度的不斷更新也推動文明的發(fā)展。這是古代先民的智慧結晶,學生要引以為豪。而通過本課的學習,可以增強學生們的民族自豪感。三、說教科書:本課作為高中歷史教材的開篇,是認識整個古代政治文明史的起點,具有統領和示范作用。本課總共有三個子目,主要講述了夏商周的政治制度。主要介紹了夏朝公共權力的出現,分封制的內容、分封的對象、 “以嫡長子繼承制為核心的宗法制度”介紹了宗法制的來源、內容,以及禮樂制度的大致內容。
二、君主專制的演進(即中央政治制度的演變)通過地方政治制度演變的學習,掌握方法以后,以學生歸納整理基本線索為主,教師適當點撥,注意糾錯。1. 漢承秦制,又有所變化。教師點撥強調繼承與發(fā)展兩個方面。創(chuàng)設情景:同學們看了電視連續(xù)劇《漢武大帝》后,知道漢武帝劉徹在繼位之后,就急于對西漢王朝的政治制度進行改革。那么,西漢初期中央政治制度的基本框架是怎樣的呢?漢武帝為什么要對它進行改革呢?改革后的西漢中央集權制度又是怎樣的呢?請大家議一議,想一想。主干知識:西漢初期的中央政治制度的最大特點是“漢承秦制”。具體表現在兩個方面:一是繼續(xù)實行皇帝制度,維護皇權,這一做法也為后來各王朝所沿用;二是在中央設立三公,分別掌管行政、監(jiān)察和軍事。到漢武帝時,“中朝”成為西漢重要的中央決策機構,尚書令的權力日益重要,以丞相為首的三公九卿的權力被削弱,演化為執(zhí)行機構。到了東漢光武帝時,進一步剝奪三公權限,擴大尚書的權力。
1789年法國大革命后,共和派與君主派之間進行了長期反復的斗爭,直到1875年法蘭西第三共和國憲法通過才最終確立了共和政體,它為法國資本主義的進一步發(fā)展奠定了基礎。專制色彩濃厚的普魯士通過王朝戰(zhàn)爭這種自上而下的形式,完成了德國的統一。1871年德意志帝國憲法頒布,德國君主立憲政體確立,保留了濃厚的專制殘余和軍國主義傳統。但資產階級代議制的建立使德國的資本主義工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展起來,19世紀末躋身到世界強國行列。資本主義政治制度擴展到了歐洲大陸,隨著這兩個國家資本主義政治制度的確立,近代西方主要資本主義政治制度得以最終確立。四、板書一、法國共和政體確立的艱難歷程1、艱難 (1)表現 (2)原因2、確立標志:法蘭西第三共和國憲法
知識與技能目標:1. 能正確說出三元一次方程(組)及其解的概念,能正確判別一組數是否是三元一次方程(組)的解;2. 會根據實際問題列出簡單的三元一次方程或三元一次方程組。過程與方法目標:1. 通過加深對概念的理解,提高對“元”和“次”的認識。2. 能夠逐步培養(yǎng)類比分析和歸納概括的能力,了解辯證統一的思想。情感態(tài)度與價值觀目標:通過對實際問題的分析,使學生進一步體會方程是刻畫現實世界的有效數學模型,培養(yǎng)學生良好的數學應用意識。
1.從監(jiān)測的范圍、速度,人力和財力的投入等方面看,遙感具有哪些特點?點撥:范圍更廣、速度更快、需要人力更少 、財力投入少。2.有人說:遙感是人的視力的延伸。你同意這種看法嗎?點撥:同意??梢詮倪b感的定義分析。從某種意義上說,人們“看”的過程就是在遙感,眼睛相當于傳感器。課堂小結:遙感技術是國土整治和區(qū)域發(fā)展研究中應用較廣的技術 手段之一,我國在這個領域已經走在了世界的前列。我國的大部分土地已經獲得了大比例尺的航空影像資料,成功發(fā)射了回收式國土資源衛(wèi)星,自行研制發(fā)射了“風云”衛(wèi)星。遙感技術為我國自然資源開發(fā)與利用提供 了大量的有用的資料,在我國農業(yè)估產、災害監(jiān)測 、礦產勘察、土地利用、環(huán)境管理與城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃中起到了非常重要的作用。板書設計§1.2地理信息技術在區(qū)域地理環(huán)境研究中的應用
3.甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因 對于“中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因”這一難點的突破,主要通過設置問題“中國之敗敗在實力遜于日本嗎?”通過幻燈片全方位分析其實中國的綜合國力當時是強于日本的。并且在戰(zhàn)前,日本毫無取勝的把握。讓學生結合剛學習過的戰(zhàn)爭原因和經過進行討論,從多方面分析中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因。經過討論,學生可以得出以下結論:避戰(zhàn)自保方針,沒有積極備戰(zhàn),將領臨陣脫逃,教師肯定并總結答案進行補充。中日對比:中國士兵出身農民,軍事訓練落后,散兵游勇;日本士兵出身武士,訓練有素;中國將領大多臨陣脫逃,并相互猜忌,受當時惡劣的官風影響;李鴻章深知北洋海軍實情,缺乏軍費,軍備廢弛。為政治資本奉行避戰(zhàn)自保政策,慈禧太后挪用海軍軍費過壽,支持李鴻章。使中方處于被動的局面,一再貽誤戰(zhàn)機。而日本在天皇的帶動下,全民備戰(zhàn),做了充分的戰(zhàn)爭準備。
“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭”爆發(fā)的原因的講析,可通過出示英國在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后在中國與洪都拉斯的正當貿易對比表,讓學生觀察和創(chuàng)設情景來得出結論。戰(zhàn)爭的經過及影響,可以通過兩次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭形勢圖,以及一張相關的表格,從戰(zhàn)爭的根本目的、性質、過程及影響等方面來比較兩次戰(zhàn)爭的異同,從而讓學生理解掌握“戰(zhàn)火再燃”其實就是中英鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的繼續(xù)和擴大。并理解“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭”的如何使中國社會半殖民地半封建化的程度大大加深了。并突出英法兩國殖民者在占領北京期間所犯的滔天罪行。3、結:結合板書設計,讓生自己總結這節(jié)課所學的內容,并通過課后習題練于講相結合,來鞏固本課知識。在此基礎上對本課線索及主要知識點進行簡要的梳理。4、課題延伸:教材后探究學習總結中的一段材料,即《英國駐華商務監(jiān)督義律致英國外交大臣巴麥尊的機密件》,讓學生究義律對中國發(fā)動鴉片戰(zhàn)爭原因的說辭來展開探討,啟發(fā)學生運用辨證唯物主義的基本觀點,澄清和批駁在在一問題上的一些錯誤和謬論,從而提高學生辨別是非的能力和批判的能力.
Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis (教材分析)This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives (教學目標)By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective(語言技能目標): develop reading ability (skimming and scanning)as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective(文化知識目標): know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective(情感目標): increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties(教學重點和難點)1. Teaching Focuses(教學重點): the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties(教學難點): develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.
Good morning, distinguished judges:It’s my honor to talk about my teaching ideas with you. Today my topic is Women of Achievement. My presentation consists of six parts: the analysis of teaching material and student, teaching aims, key and difficult points, teaching and studying method, teaching procedures and blackboard design.First, let’s focus on the analysis of teaching material. This lesson is from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 4 Unit 1, the reading part. The main topic of the passage is the introduction of a student of Africanwildlife. After this lesson, the students will learn more information about her studying chimps in Africa, and their reading and speaking abilities can be developed as well.The next part is the analysis of students. My students are in senior high students. They have learnt English for many years, they’ve known many words and sentences, but their speaking and reading abilities are still not very good. So I will practice their speaking and reading abilities through different exercises.According to the New Standard Curriculum and the present situation, I set the teaching aims as follows: firstly, knowledge aims. Students can grasp some new words, such as worthwhile, move off. Moreover, students can understand the content of the passage and get familiar with the topic of studying chimps in wildlife. Secondly, ability aims. Students can use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in reading process. Thirdly, emotional aims. Students can have the awareness of protecting animals and care about animals.Based on the above analysis, the key point of this lesson is to get the main idea and the detailed information from the passage; the difficult point is to talk about the wildlife protection and use reading strategies.
(2).教學手段為了使我根據教材而設計的三個教學目標以及重點難點得以的突出和突破,達到最大化的展示境界,同時也為了配合以上我選擇的四種教法得以完滿實現,我決定采用“多媒體”教學手段進行全程教學。利用電腦的信息容量大,操作簡便等優(yōu)點,形象生動的直觀展示教學內容,不但提高學習效率和質量,而且容易激發(fā)學生的學習興趣和調動學習的積極性。四、說學法我為學生設計了三個學習方法:1.讓學生學會在探究中學。通過“對黑人嚴酷處境的探究”和對文中重點語句的探究,培養(yǎng)學生在探究中學習的能力。2.讓學生學會在讀中學。通過“誦讀法”指導學生在誦讀過程中感受演講詞內在的魅力,學會在讀中學。3.讓學生學會在練習中學。通過“課外延伸練習法”,對所學的知識進行運用,培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新和自學能力。
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
通過寫文章梗概,培養(yǎng)學生綜合運用語言的能力,學習用恰當的英語描述科學家的故事。這是本課的教學難點。教師可以使用完形填空的方式來幫助學生整理語篇,從而來降低難度。本課的教學重點的突破方法是:在閱讀前,讓學生初步了解得出科學觀點所需要的基本程序,從而輕松而自然地導入文章的閱讀;在閱讀過程中,由易到難設計快速閱讀和精讀的問題,層層推進各種閱讀活動,讓學生對閱讀內容從整體感知到細節(jié)理解,最后深層讀懂整篇文章,同時加強閱讀策略的指導,讓每個學生都主動參與課堂教學活動,最終達到提高閱讀能力的目的。Step 4 Post-readingGroup Activities四人小組共同合作,在老師的適當指導下,就以下2個問題展開討論,讓學生就所知、所學、所感和所想融入話題,然后抽若干同學代表作小組發(fā)言。1. What do you think about John Snow, and what should we learn from him?2. Cholera was 19th century disease, which two diseases are similar to cholera today? Why?