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新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading and Thinking教案二
The theme of this unit is human and nature, focusing on the theme of wildlife protection. Nature is a complex ecosystem, in which there are delicate balance between animals and plants. Because of the role of the food chain, the extinction of one species will produce influence, causing a series of chain reaction. Large scale extinction of species will have a serious and even irreversible impact on the ecosystem, resulting in immeasurable losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect wild species. To protect wild species is to protect human beings themselves. The motto of this unit is "when the buying stops, the killing can too,” which is a public service advertising slogan to protect wildlife. It tells people that every rhinoceros horn, every fur, every bowl of shark fin soup, every Ivory product, and every tiger bone product, etc. consumed by human beings, are innocent wild animals slaughtered behind them. The mission of wild aid is to ban illegal trade in endangered wildlife and mitigate climate change. It aims to educate the public to reduce the consumption demand for endangered wildlife products through public publicity and improve the awareness of environmental protection.1. Improve the awareness of wildlife protection by acquiring the knowledge of wildlife protection.2. Focus on environmental protection and protection of all lives.3. Analysis of the living environment of wild animals with appropriate thinking mode.4. Skillfully use the vocabulary and grammar knowledge of this unit to cultivate self-study ability according to the unit content5. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion and other ways1. Enable the Ss to talk about the current situation of wild animals.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.
人教版高中語文必修3《馬嵬（其二）》教案2篇
結合歷史自古以來，江山美人歷來都是引無數(shù)英雄豪杰競折腰的，如果說英雄選擇了美人卻丟了江山，把所有罪名都歸結于“女人是禍水”。但是，紂王無道，和有了妲己有必然的聯(lián)系嗎？有人說妲己壞透了，壞透了的妲己如果不是取得紂王的信任是壞不起來的，紂王聽信了妲己的讒言，聽與不聽決定權在紂王，而不在妲己。強勢永遠在紂王一邊。再來看看西施和楊貴妃：西施是作為越國貢獻給吳國的供品來到吳王夫差的身邊的，楊貴妃更是先是李隆基的兒媳婦被看中而得寵的。所以，西施和楊貴妃這兩個可憐的女人根本沒有自己的獨立選擇，沒有獨立的愛情，如果沒有西施，就會有南施，或北施；如果沒有楊貴妃，就會有李貴妃，王貴妃，總之什么施，什么妃是不能少的，因為那是吳王和李隆基的需要。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading and Thinking教案二
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點，總結共同點。1．(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web．2．(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient．3．(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club．4．(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful．5．(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教案二
From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading and Thinking教案二
Q5：What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6：What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading for Writing教案二
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar: The past participle is used as attributive and objective complement.1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle used as attributive and objective complement flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Instruct students to write essays using the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step1:溫故而知新。Analyze the underlined phrases and then sum up the common usages of the past participles.1．(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system．2．(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack，．．．3．(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge)．Common points: f the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step 2:過去分詞作定語時的意義1．及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上表示被動；在時間上，常表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，有時也不表示時間性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last．我們的老師看著我們做實驗，最后給了我們一個滿意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon．會上提出的計劃將很快被執(zhí)行。2．不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，它不表示被動意義，只強調動作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard．
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Reading and Thinking教案二
Step 5 While reading---Task 3Read the text again and answer the following questions.Q1: How many countries does the UK consist of ?4 Q2: What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Q3: Which two were the first to be joined together ?England and WalesQ4: What are the two chief advantages of studying the history of a country ?The first one is to help you understand more about the country and its traditions.The second one is to make visiting it more enjoyable.Q5: What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history ?Supportive/positiveStep 6 Post reading---Retell the textThe United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by (1)_____ these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales (2) __________(join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19 th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland (3) ______ (break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the (4)_________(shorten) name: the UK. The four countries (5)__________ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles (6)_________(build) all around England and made changes (7)__________ the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more (8)_________(enjoy). The capital city London is (9)___ ancient port city that has a history (10)______(date) back to Roman times. 1. what 2.was joined 3.broke 4.shortened 5.that 6. built 7.to 8.enjoyable 9.an 10.dating Step 6 Homework
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Listening＆Speaking＆Talking教案二
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about "sharing views on historical sites". Through listening to a dialogue between Chinese and foreign students on the way to the Confucius Temple, students can understand their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts, so as to realize and think about the profound influence of Confucius and his thoughts on Chinese historical tradition. At the same time, the dialogue naturally integrates English idioms and mentions Shakespeare, the British playwright, so as to provide language materials and context for students to understand English idioms and related cultural allusions, as well as to compare Chinese and foreign cultures, which is helpful for students to understand and express the language such as history, tradition, culture and custom significant impact.Text analysis: listening text is a dialogue between a British student and a Chinese student when he goes to the Confucius Temple. When William, a British student, visited the Confucius Temple, he asked Xiao Kong, a Chinese student, for directions. Xiao Kong was just going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, so they went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. From the perspective of foreign tourists, this paper describes their thoughts on Confucius, the great son of Confucius, who had a profound impact on Chinese history and cultural tradition, and his education.Listening and Talking introduces a visit to a historic tourist destination. Tourism is a common way to understand a country's history, culture, and customs and so on. Students listen to the dialogue between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel Usher, and Paul, a backpacker, to learn about Pingyao's famous historical and cultural attractions and Paul's travel experience and experience as a foreign tourist.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Discovering Useful Structures教案二
4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.P·P as adverbial: _________________________________________________________________.Function: _______________________________________________________________________.Step 5 Solid Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When _____________(question) by the media, they are not _____________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training class. They are united. _____________(fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. Step 6 Difference and similarity from -ingObserve the following examples.1. He went out, shutting the door behind him.=He went out, ________________________________________________________.2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.=__________________________________________, he went to his parents for help.Similarity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Difference : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Step Practice1. ________ in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因為寫得匆忙, 這篇文章不是很好。2. ________ carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔細讀書時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。3. ________ why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當被問及他為什么要這么做時, 班長說這是他的職責
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading and Thinking教案二
1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1：Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1：What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1：Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading for Writing教案二
The Internet celebrity Gao Yifeng. Years ago, he owned 5 companies and the staffs over 1,000, but during the economy crisis, he became nothing but debt. He was so worried that his hair became white overnight. There was a time when he wanted to killed himself. But after listening to the song Start Over by Liu Huan, he decided to cheer himself up. He started a steamed bun shop and gradually became a national chain shops. Now he became successful again.Walter Haddon said, “Music is the medicine of a troubled mind.” Music contains such a pleasant and inspiring force. Music gave him courage and bravery. When he listened to the song, it made his spirit fly like a kite in the wind. Music gave him strength and brought him relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times. I hope none of us have to go through the same kind of suffering that he did. At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help us in the same way that it helped him. I hope we all will somehow begin to treasure music and make it a part of our life. Thank you for your listening !5.Revise your writing each other.Does he/she explain how music has changed his/her/someone else’s life?Are some of the rhetorical devices included and used properly ?Does he/she talk about how music makes him/her/someone feel?Is the first word in each sentences capitalised?Does he/she use correct punctuation ?
XX-XX學年第二學期新學期國旗下講話稿
尊敬的各位老師、親愛的各位同學： 大家上午好！ 冬去春來，春意盎然，春天孕育著萬千希望，意味著無限可能。在淅瀝的春雨里，伴隨著元宵節(jié)的鞭炮聲，我們迎來了XX年春季學期。值此新學期開學之際，謹向全校師生員工致以新春的問候和最誠摯的祝福！祝大家新春快樂，猴年吉祥，身體健康，學業(yè)有成，工作順利，平安幸福！ 回首XX年，丹中全體師生團結進取，奮力拼搏，扎實有效地推進各項工作，取得了令人矚目的成績?！ ≌w辦學水平不斷提升。XX年，學校被評為xx市文明單位和依法治校示范校。XX年，學校成為南京大學“創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴”，被中國科學技術大學等著名高校評選為“優(yōu)質生源基地”。 教學質量穩(wěn)步提高。XX屆高考本一達線率為56%，本二達線率為93%；400分以上6人，北大、清華錄取8人。文理科進入xx省前100名3人，徐xx同學以406分列xx省文科第8名，創(chuàng)歷史新高。高二學生學業(yè)水平考試407人取得了4A的成績，人均加分達3.73分，一次性合格率達到100%，在xx市遙遙領先。
第二周國旗下講話稿：新學期 新征程
第二周國旗下講話稿：新學期新征程新的學期開始了，我們又踏上了前進的征程，無論前途是多么艱難，只要我xx一中人滿懷激情與夢想，就一定會有更完美的收獲，相信在16年的聯(lián)考與高考上，我們還會更上層樓。站在國旗下，我的心久久不能平靜，我在思考，一中給老師同學們的是什么？是這浮滿塵土的操場，是那簡陋的宿舍，還是那冬天都下雨的辦公室？都不是，xx一中給大家的是永不服輸?shù)挠職猓慌缕D難困苦的決心，是敢于亮劍，勇于負責的霸氣，相信在困苦的磨練下的一中人，越來越強，越來越棒！老師們，優(yōu)秀的教師一輩子都在備課，我校雖然在集智備課上快人一步，領先于其他學校，但也要認識到不足之處，深入研究，在方法與積累上多下功夫，穩(wěn)穩(wěn)抓住課堂這一中心，創(chuàng)新拼搏?！疤斓莱昵凇薄翱嘈娜颂觳回摗保嘈庞心銈兊男量喾瞰I，xx一中明天會更好！新學期讓我由衷的代表學校說一句“親愛的老師，您辛苦了”。有一句話說得好，“做最好的自己，才能碰撞出最好的別人”希望我們每位老師無論是在家庭還是學校里，始終用最好的自己去感染你的親人和學生，樂觀向上，幸福健康。
人教版高中政治必修1第二課多變的價格教案
（四）反思總結，當堂檢測。本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了價格變動對人們生活、生產(chǎn)的影響作用，主要知識框架如下：（1）、價格變動會影響人們的消費需求，商品價格上漲，人需求就減少，反之，則增大。價格變動對不同商品需求影響程度是不一樣的，對生活必需品的需求量影響較小，對高檔耐用品的需求量影響較大。相關商品價格變動對消費需求的影響不同，某種商品價格上漲，就會減少需求量，其替代品需求量增加，其互補品需求量則減少。（2）、價格變化也會影響生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營，價格變動會調節(jié)生產(chǎn)，刺激生產(chǎn)者改進技術，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，促使生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)適銷對路的高 質量產(chǎn)品。（五）發(fā)導學案、布置預習。預習第三課第一框《消費及其類型》，完成預習導學案練習題九、板書設計《價格變動的影響》1、對人們生活的影響（1）商品價格變動與消費需求量之間的關系（2）不同商品的需求量對價格變動的反應程度不同
人教部編版語文九年級上冊任務二詩歌朗誦（1）
【教學目標】 1.了解詩歌意象，讀出詩歌意境。2.在誦讀中理解詩人的情感，感受詩歌的藝術魅力。3.能夠在朗誦時通過重音、停連、節(jié)奏等，把握詩歌的感情基調，讀出感情，讀出韻律。【教學課時】1課時【教學過程】一、自由吟誦，導入新課師：“腹有詩書氣自華”，讀詩可以陶冶情操，豐富文化內(nèi)涵，還可以提升氣質。大家從小就開始接觸詩歌，詩歌應該怎樣去吟誦呢？哪位同學愿意為大家示范一下？（生朗誦詩歌）師：這位同學剛才朗誦得很好，但是還沒有將詩歌的情感完全讀出來。那么，我們該如何通過誦讀，讀出詩歌的意境、詩人的情感呢？今天，我們就一起來探討一下詩歌的吟誦方法。【設計意圖】活躍課堂氣氛，提高學生參與度，對于訓練詩歌朗誦是很有必要的。以學生吟誦詩歌的方式導入新課，可以較大程度地激發(fā)他們的學習興趣。
XX-XX學年開學第二周國旗下講話稿
開學第二周國旗講話發(fā)言稿 老師們，同學們：大家好！今天我國旗下演講的題目是《演好自己的角色》。每段時期自己都有屬于自己的角色，天真無邪的童年，懵懵懂懂的少年，輕狂迷茫的青年?？赡芎芏鄷r候你會懷念自己以前的角色，或者想象自己未來的角色，但最重要的是演好你自己現(xiàn)在的角色。因為你只有在自己的角色里才真正有發(fā)言權。信念要先行行勝于言，但是在行動之前給自己樹立好的心態(tài)更能起到事半功倍的效果。調整自己，這是不論干什么都要一直進行的一個過程。給自己正確積極的定位，要考慮到外界因素，但也不要被外界環(huán)境壓倒。學會選擇，學會放棄，學會承認自己的弱點，接下來我們就可以在更堅實更廣闊的道路上奔跑?！拔覀儾荒茏笥姨鞖猓梢愿淖冃那?；我們不能選擇容貌，但可以展示笑容；我們不能預知明天，但可以把握今天?！?/p>
人教版高中政治必修4第二課百舸爭流的思想教案
不可知論是否認人們認識世界或徹底改造世界的可能性的哲學學說。此概念首先由英國的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出，不可知論的思想在古代就已產(chǎn)生，歐洲近代的主要代表是休謨和康德。其本質是把人的感覺看作是主觀和客觀之間的屏障而不是橋梁，不承認在感覺之外有確實可靠的客觀外部世界的存在，不懂得認識過程中本質與現(xiàn)象、有限與無限的辯證關系。對不可知論最有力的駁斥是實踐。有時不可知論一詞也用以專指針對宗教教義而提出的一種學說，認為上帝是否存在、靈魂是否不朽是不可知的。2．二元論二元論是認為世界有兩個本原的哲學學說，與一元論相對立，它把物質和意識絕對對立起來，認為物質和意識是兩個各自獨立、相互平行發(fā)展著的實體，誰也不產(chǎn)生誰，誰也不決定誰，都是世界的本原。它的觀點是錯誤的：它肯定精神不依賴于物質而獨立存在，這本身就是唯心主義的觀點；它雖然承認物質是獨立的本原，但在說明物質和精神的關系時，又把精神說成是唯一具有能動性的力量，必然倒向唯心主義。主要代表人物是法國的笛卡兒和德國的康德。