Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來(lái)參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒(méi)有從他外套上去掉。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.
⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個(gè)博主, 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺(jué)得不舒服的東西, 立即離開(kāi)這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號(hào)碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)而嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無(wú)禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸的目標(biāo)。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個(gè)假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個(gè)網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點(diǎn),總結(jié)共同點(diǎn)。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
(五)平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的應(yīng)用例1:一架老式飛機(jī)在高出海面45m的高處,以80m/s的速度水平飛行,為了使飛機(jī)上投下的炸彈落在停在海面上的敵船,應(yīng)該在與轟炸目標(biāo)的水平距離為多遠(yuǎn)的地方投彈?不計(jì)空氣阻力。分析:對(duì)于這道題我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)考慮:(1)從水平飛行的飛機(jī)上投下的炸彈,做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?為什么?(2)炸彈的這種運(yùn)動(dòng)可分解為哪兩個(gè)什么樣的分運(yùn)動(dòng)?3)要想使炸彈投到指定的目標(biāo)處,你認(rèn)為炸彈落地前在水平方向通過(guò)的距離與投彈時(shí)飛機(jī)離目標(biāo)的水平距離之間有什么關(guān)系?拓展:1、式飛機(jī)在高出海面45m的高處,以80m/s的速度水平飛行,尾追一艘以15m/s逃逸的敵船,為了使飛機(jī)上投下的炸彈正好擊中敵船,應(yīng)該在與轟炸目標(biāo)的水平距離為多遠(yuǎn)的地方投彈?不計(jì)空氣阻力。2、在一次摩托車跨越壕溝的表演中,摩托車從壕溝的一側(cè)以速度v=40m/s沿水平方向向另一側(cè),壕溝兩側(cè)的高度及寬度如圖所示,摩托車可看做質(zhì)點(diǎn),不計(jì)空氣阻力。(1)判斷摩托車能否跨越壕溝?請(qǐng)計(jì)算說(shuō)明(2)若能跨過(guò),求落地速度?
1、知識(shí)與能力:知道諸子百家,認(rèn)識(shí)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”局面形成的重要意義;了解孔子、孟子和荀子的主要觀點(diǎn),理解儒家思想的形成。2、過(guò)程與方法:適度引入古代中國(guó)政治發(fā)展與傳統(tǒng)文化方面的材料 ,啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考百家爭(zhēng)鳴局面形成的重要意義。以列表的方法,從時(shí)代、主要觀點(diǎn)、影響等方面,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納孔子、孟子和荀子的主要內(nèi)容。以百家爭(zhēng)鳴為主題,組織學(xué)生談一談繼承中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化思想的認(rèn)識(shí)和感受。組織一次“我讀《論語(yǔ)》的讀書活動(dòng)”。3、情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀:感受中國(guó)古代思想的博大精深:通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)早期儒家的民本思想,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的人文關(guān)懷精神;了解儒家文化是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的最主要部分,認(rèn)識(shí)其在世界文化史上的地位和對(duì)后世的影響;聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí),使學(xué)生正確對(duì)待儒家傳統(tǒng)文化,發(fā)揮其在當(dāng)代的積極意義。
一、教材分析第一目,矛盾的統(tǒng)一性和斗爭(zhēng)性。世界上的一切事物都包含著兩個(gè)方面——矛盾的定義——矛盾的兩個(gè)基本屬性——矛盾的同一性——矛盾的斗爭(zhēng)性——同一性和斗爭(zhēng)性的辯證關(guān)系。這一目的重點(diǎn)是讓學(xué)生理解世界上的一切事物都包含著矛盾,沒(méi)有矛盾就沒(méi)有世界。第二目,矛盾的普遍性和特殊性。這一目邏輯順序是:事事有矛盾,時(shí)時(shí)有矛盾——承認(rèn)矛盾的普遍性是堅(jiān)持唯物主義的前途——矛盾的特殊性及其三層涵義——矛盾的普遍性和特殊性的辯證關(guān)系——矛盾普遍性和特殊性關(guān)系的原理是矛盾問(wèn)題的精髓。最后得出結(jié)論:馬克思主義普遍原理與中國(guó)具體實(shí)際相結(jié)合體現(xiàn)了矛盾普遍性和特殊性的具體的歷史的統(tǒng)一。學(xué)習(xí)了唯物辯證法的矛盾觀,就要學(xué)會(huì)理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際,學(xué)會(huì)在生活、學(xué)習(xí)和工作中進(jìn)一步運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識(shí),處理好生活中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題
a矛盾的同一性是矛盾雙方相互吸引、相互聯(lián)結(jié)的屬性和趨勢(shì)。它有兩方面的含義:一是矛盾雙方相互依賴,一方的存在以另一方的存在為前提,雙方共處于一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體中;同一事物都有對(duì)立面和統(tǒng)一面兩個(gè)方面,一方的存在以另一方為條件,彼此誰(shuí)都離不開(kāi)誰(shuí)(形影想隨、一個(gè)巴掌拍不響、不是冤家不聚頭)?!九e例】P67漫畫:他敢剪嗎?懸掛在山崖上的兩個(gè)人構(gòu)成一種動(dòng)態(tài)的平衡?!九e例】磁鐵(S極和N極);沒(méi)有上就沒(méi)有下、沒(méi)有香就沒(méi)有臭、沒(méi)有福就無(wú)所謂禍;【舉例】父子關(guān)系(父親之所以是父親,因?yàn)橛袃鹤樱瑑鹤又允莾鹤?,因?yàn)橛懈赣H);師生關(guān)系;二是矛盾雙方相互貫通,即相互滲透、相互包含,在一定條件下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。 【相關(guān)銜接】P68生物變性現(xiàn)象,雌雄轉(zhuǎn)化現(xiàn)象【舉例】生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)具有直接統(tǒng)一性
(2)由來(lái):《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是我國(guó)古典醫(yī)籍中現(xiàn)存最早的一部醫(yī)學(xué),在整個(gè)中醫(yī)的發(fā)展過(guò)程起著重要的作用。該書中闡述的理論,一直以來(lái)指導(dǎo)著整個(gè)中醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)的發(fā)展,是學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)不可缺少的一部經(jīng)典讀物,也是現(xiàn)代中醫(yī)院學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)時(shí)必讀的醫(yī)書。顧名思義,“內(nèi)經(jīng)”是講內(nèi)科方面的疾病,據(jù)《隋書.藝文志》記載,除了有《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》外,還有一本《黃帝外經(jīng)》。這兩本書是姊妹篇。看來(lái),《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是針對(duì)《黃帝外經(jīng)》說(shuō)的。2、《傷寒雜病論》:集大成的中醫(yī)專著、“萬(wàn)世寶典”(1)作者:東漢張仲景(2)內(nèi)容:全書分為“傷寒”和“雜病”兩大部分,(3)地位:創(chuàng)造性地提出辯證施治的方法,奠定了后世中醫(yī)臨床學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ),被后世醫(yī)家譽(yù)為“萬(wàn)世寶典”。3、《本草綱目》:“東方藥物巨典”(1)作者:明朝李時(shí)珍(2)內(nèi)容:記錄各類藥物1892種、藥方一萬(wàn)多個(gè),還繪制了一千多幅藥物形態(tài)圖。(3)地位:這部重要的中藥學(xué)著作,是對(duì)16世紀(jì)以前中藥學(xué)的系統(tǒng)總結(jié),被稱為“東方藥物寶典”。
【大宗與小宗的關(guān)系:君臣關(guān)系、兄弟關(guān)系】4、影響:宗法制保證了貴族在政治上的壟斷和特權(quán)地位,也有利于統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)內(nèi)部的穩(wěn)定和團(tuán)結(jié)。【合作探究】分封制與宗法制的關(guān)系兩者互為表里、相輔相成:從根本上說(shuō),分封制就是宗法制作用于國(guó)家地方政治制度的重要舉措和體現(xiàn)。宗法制是分封制的內(nèi)核和紐帶,維護(hù)貴族統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)內(nèi)部的穩(wěn)定與團(tuán)結(jié)。宗法制與分封制結(jié)合緊密,宗法制是西周政治制度的基礎(chǔ),分封制基于宗法制而產(chǎn)生,與宗法制互為表里。小結(jié):我國(guó)早期政治制度(夏商周)發(fā)展脈絡(luò):起源于夏——初步建立于夏商——完善于西周——瓦解于西周末年到春秋——崩潰于戰(zhàn)國(guó)★問(wèn)題解答⊙【學(xué)思之窗】從這段記載,你能看出商朝的相權(quán)有多大嗎?答案提示:相是商朝中央最高官吏,相權(quán)很大,包括參定政制、主持政務(wù)、輔佐商王等,甚至有時(shí)可廢立商王。
一、教材分析本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要講述了社會(huì)實(shí)踐在文化創(chuàng)新中的作用和意義,明確了社會(huì)實(shí)踐是文化創(chuàng)新的源泉,也是文化創(chuàng)新的動(dòng)力,文化創(chuàng)新的作用,既表現(xiàn)為不斷推動(dòng)社會(huì)實(shí)踐的發(fā)展,又表現(xiàn)為不斷促進(jìn)民族文化的繁榮。我們要從中體會(huì)社會(huì)實(shí)踐的重要性和意義。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(一)知識(shí)目標(biāo)(1) 理解文化發(fā)展的實(shí)質(zhì)在于創(chuàng)新;理解社會(huì)實(shí)踐是文化創(chuàng)新的源泉(2) 理解文化創(chuàng)新的作用;理解人民群眾是社會(huì)實(shí)踐的主體、文化創(chuàng)新的主體。(二)能力目標(biāo)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生列舉實(shí)例說(shuō)明社會(huì)實(shí)踐在 文化創(chuàng)新中的作用。情感、態(tài)度價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):幫助學(xué)生充分認(rèn)識(shí)建 設(shè)社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化的意義,增強(qiáng)民族文化的自豪感。 (三)情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)情感、態(tài)度及價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本課題內(nèi)容,初步理解文化創(chuàng)新的、意義、作用,做一個(gè)有“文化”的人,認(rèn)識(shí)到文化創(chuàng)新的重要性。深刻理解建。
(1)社會(huì)實(shí)踐是文化創(chuàng)新的源泉實(shí)踐,作為人們改造客觀世界的活動(dòng),是一種有目的、有意識(shí)的社會(huì)性活動(dòng)。人類在改造自然和社會(huì)的實(shí)踐中,創(chuàng)造出自己特有的文化。離開(kāi)了社會(huì)實(shí)踐;文化就會(huì)成為無(wú)源之水、無(wú)本之木,人們不可能從事任何有價(jià)值的文化創(chuàng)造?!蟊菊n小結(jié):1.關(guān)于本課邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的宏觀把握:文化創(chuàng)新的源泉和作用這一問(wèn)題,教材分三個(gè)層次展開(kāi)論證:一是不盡的源泉,不竭的動(dòng)力;二是巨大的作用,深刻的意義;三是呼喚文化創(chuàng)新的時(shí)代。教材運(yùn)用辯證方法從文化創(chuàng)新的源泉和作用展開(kāi)論述。即社會(huì)實(shí)踐是文化創(chuàng)新的源泉,文化創(chuàng)新又推動(dòng)社會(huì)實(shí)踐的發(fā)展和促進(jìn)民族文化的繁榮。教材關(guān)于文化創(chuàng)新的途徑問(wèn)題,從三個(gè)層次展開(kāi)講述:第一個(gè)層次是“繼承傳統(tǒng),推陳出新”;第二個(gè)層次是“面向世界,博采眾長(zhǎng)”;第三個(gè)層次是“堅(jiān)持正確方向,克服錯(cuò)誤傾向”。三個(gè)層次三個(gè)角度,著重于分析每一個(gè)層次,然后予以歸納總結(jié),即采用了分析歸納法,層次清晰,教學(xué)目標(biāo)明確,既便于傳授知識(shí),又便于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)識(shí)記、理解和把握。
猜想:既然物體下落過(guò)程中的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況與物體質(zhì)量無(wú)關(guān),那么為什么在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,不同物體的落體運(yùn)動(dòng),下落快慢不同呢?我們能否猜想是由于空氣阻力的作用造成的呢?如果沒(méi)有空氣阻力將會(huì)怎樣呢?學(xué)生討論后回答.三、猜想與假說(shuō)伽利略認(rèn)為,自由落體是一種最簡(jiǎn)單的變速運(yùn)動(dòng).他設(shè)想,最簡(jiǎn)單的變速運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度應(yīng)該是均勻變化的.但是,速度的變化怎樣才算均勻呢?他考慮了兩種可能:一種是速度的變化對(duì)時(shí)間來(lái)說(shuō)是均勻的,即經(jīng)過(guò)相等的時(shí)間,速度的變化相等;另一種是速度的變化對(duì)位移來(lái)說(shuō)是均勻的,即經(jīng)過(guò)相等的位移,速度的變化相等.伽利略假設(shè)第一種方式最簡(jiǎn)單,并把這種運(yùn)動(dòng)叫做勻變速運(yùn)動(dòng).四、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證是檢驗(yàn)理論正確與否的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn).任何結(jié)論和猜想都必須經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,否則不成理論.猜想或假說(shuō)只有通過(guò)驗(yàn)證才會(huì)成為理論.所謂實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證就是任何人,在理論條件下去操作都能到得實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,它具有任意性,但不是無(wú)條件的,實(shí)驗(yàn)是在一定條件下的驗(yàn)證,而與實(shí)際有區(qū)別.
四、速度和速率學(xué)生閱讀教材第18頁(yè)相應(yīng)部分的知識(shí)點(diǎn),讓學(xué)生總結(jié).生:速度既有大小,又有方向,是矢量,速度的大小叫速率,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生看教材第18頁(yè)圖1.3—2.觀察汽車的速度計(jì),討論后說(shuō)出你從表盤上獲取的有用信息。生:汽車的速率.指針指在相應(yīng)數(shù)字的瞬間,就表示汽車在那一瞬時(shí)的速率是那個(gè)值.生:還可以從表盤上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時(shí)指速度,也有時(shí)指速率,要看實(shí)際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學(xué)用不同的時(shí)間圍繞操場(chǎng)跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點(diǎn),他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢?學(xué)生討論,體驗(yàn)平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時(shí)間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學(xué)站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?
生:還可以從表盤上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時(shí)指速度,也有時(shí)指速率,要看實(shí)際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學(xué)用不同的時(shí)間圍繞操場(chǎng)跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點(diǎn),他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢?學(xué)生討論,體驗(yàn)平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時(shí)間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學(xué)站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?師:平均速度v=Δx/Δt,甲、乙的位移都為零,所以他們的平均速度也都等于零.在這里平均速度無(wú)法顯示他們運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的不同,要用到另一物理量:平均速率.平均速率等于物體運(yùn)動(dòng)通過(guò)的路程跟所用時(shí)間的比值.他們兩人通過(guò)的路程相同且都不為零,但所用時(shí)間不同.顯然用時(shí)短的運(yùn)動(dòng)得快,也就是平均速率大.生:這不是我們初中學(xué)過(guò)的速度嗎?
在當(dāng)時(shí)雅典的公民大會(huì)和陪審法庭上,人們常常要發(fā)表意見(jiàn),要和自己的對(duì)手辯論,雅典法庭規(guī)定每個(gè)公民須替自己辯護(hù),不許旁人代辯。所以出現(xiàn)了這樣一批專門教授人辯論、演說(shuō)、修辭的技巧和參政知識(shí)的職業(yè)教師。①政治因素:雅典奴隸制民主政治發(fā)展到頂峰,成為希臘政治和文化中心。參與政治生活成為每個(gè)公民生活的重要內(nèi)容②古希臘工商業(yè)發(fā)展,奴隸制經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮(在廣大奴隸的勞動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)上,古希臘的經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái),為哲學(xué)的成長(zhǎng)提供了物質(zhì)條件)——根本原因③人的地位的提高(民主政治制度和每個(gè)公民參與政治意識(shí)的加強(qiáng),使人的中心地位日益突出)最后教師強(qiáng)調(diào):提示并強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意理解“一定的文化是一定社會(huì)的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)在觀念形態(tài)上的反映”。3、代表人物:普羅泰格拉4、研究領(lǐng)域:人和人類社會(huì)關(guān)注人與人之間的關(guān)系、社會(huì)組織、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和倫理規(guī)范
六、學(xué)習(xí)效果評(píng)價(jià)設(shè)計(jì)1、評(píng)價(jià)方式:我對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)效果的評(píng)價(jià),來(lái)自兩個(gè)方面。一是教師的教授是否認(rèn)真、嚴(yán)肅、科學(xué);二是學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成果如何,是否達(dá)成了事先預(yù)設(shè)的教學(xué)目標(biāo),是否在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中有提高的過(guò)程。評(píng)價(jià)的方式有:同伴評(píng)價(jià);教師自我評(píng)價(jià)和反思;學(xué)生反饋。2、評(píng)價(jià)量規(guī):我設(shè)置了幾個(gè)問(wèn)題用于課后的教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià):(1)教學(xué)目標(biāo)是否符合課標(biāo)要求,是否符合三貼近原則,是否體現(xiàn)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效果的生成性和過(guò)程性。(2)學(xué)習(xí)所用資源是否來(lái)自生活實(shí)際,是否真實(shí),是否是學(xué)生感興趣的問(wèn)題。(3)教師在課堂教學(xué)過(guò)程中是否能有效的通過(guò)提問(wèn)和資料的展示分析,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己生成思考過(guò)程,而不是“教師代替學(xué)生的思考”。(4)學(xué)生參與的廣度和態(tài)度,學(xué)生是否提出有意義的觀點(diǎn)和問(wèn)題。學(xué)生的回答是否是實(shí)話。
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