一、內(nèi)容與解析內(nèi)容:科普說明文《動物游戲之謎》。解析:《動物游戲之謎》是高中語文(必修)3第四單元的一篇科普說明文。科學(xué)是人類認識世界的重要工具,是人類文化的重要組成部分,是標(biāo)志人類文明的尺度。閱讀科普文章,可以啟迪心志,激發(fā)想象,帶領(lǐng)我們進入全新的科學(xué)天地,在科學(xué)海洋中遨游。本文思路清晰,內(nèi)容生動,揭開了動物日常游戲行為的神秘面紗,擺出研究者的種種結(jié)論,既讓我們擴大了視野,增長了知識,也讓我們明白了科學(xué)探索永無止境。學(xué)習(xí)本文的重點是提高的科普文的閱讀能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生勤于探索、勇于鉆研的科學(xué)精神。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)及解析1、理清文章思路,明確本文的說明內(nèi)容和順序。2、品讀文章,感受本文的語言特色。3、激發(fā)探究興趣,培養(yǎng)篩選信息、提取要素及概括敘述的能力。4、挖掘人文內(nèi)涵,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生保護動物的意識和勤于探索、勇于鉆研的科學(xué)精神。
【明確】“一夫當(dāng)關(guān),萬夫莫開”言劍閣有易守難攻的險要形勢,暗示中央朝廷的部隊很不容易打進來,因而野心家可以據(jù)險發(fā)動叛亂,“化為狼與豺”,搞地方割據(jù)。如果割據(jù)勢力之間出現(xiàn)矛盾沖突,難免要發(fā)生混戰(zhàn),結(jié)果必定是“殺人如麻”。詩人這番預(yù)言在十多年后就得到了證實:從上元二年到大歷初即有段子璋、徐知道、崔旰等人相繼發(fā)動叛亂。詩人的意圖是要嚴(yán)防野心家發(fā)難。詩人從劍閣的險要引出對政治形勢的描寫。他化用西晉張載《劍閣銘》中形勝之地,匪親勿居的語句,目的在于勸人引以為鑒戒,警惕戰(zhàn)亂的發(fā)生,并聯(lián)系當(dāng)時的社會背景,揭露了蜀中豺狼的磨牙吮血,殺人如麻,這既是描寫蜀道猛獸,又是影射政治黑暗的雙關(guān)語句,表達了對國事的憂慮與關(guān)切,為詩篇增加了現(xiàn)實的內(nèi)涵、深厚的意蘊。唐天寶初年,太平景象背后正潛伏著危機,后來發(fā)生的安史之亂,證明詩人的憂慮是有現(xiàn)實意義的。
①從政府人員組成看,南京政府是一個以資產(chǎn)階級革命派為主體的政府。②從政府頒發(fā)的法令和措施看,這些法令體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級民主革命的要求,對于發(fā)展民族資本主義經(jīng)濟、資產(chǎn)階級民主政治和文化教育以及改革社會風(fēng)氣,都起了積極作用。③從頒布的《中華民國臨時約法》看,憲法體現(xiàn)了三權(quán)分立的政治體制,體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級民主主義的要求,是中國歷史上第一部資產(chǎn)階級民主憲法,具有反封建專制制度的進步意義。(2)從南京臨時政府的內(nèi)外政策分析南京政府的根本弱點①未徹底地反封建。它沒有采取比較徹底的反對封建主義的措施,特別是對封建統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ)——地主階級土地所有制沒有觸動,這樣,南京臨時政府也就不能真正地把廣大人民群眾動員起來,因而缺乏真正的群眾基礎(chǔ)。
①原因:封建制度的衰落(根本原因)【合作探究】清朝資本主義萌芽緩慢發(fā)展的原因。提示:①封建所有制的束縛。殘酷的封建剝削使農(nóng)民赤貧如洗,無力購買手工業(yè)品,限制了手工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的銷路。封建地租的剝削率很高,又驅(qū)使地主和商人把他們的錢財用于購買土地,影響資本主義手工業(yè)的擴大再生產(chǎn)。②.封建政府的壓制。清政府實行重農(nóng)抑商的政策,采取了許多妨礙手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和資本主義萌芽發(fā)展的措施,主要的有:實行閉關(guān)政策,嚴(yán)格限制海外貿(mào)易;在國內(nèi)廣設(shè)關(guān)卡,對商品征收重稅;嚴(yán)格控制手工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模,如建立受官府控制的行會,制定行規(guī)限制雇工人數(shù)、產(chǎn)品品種、控制原料分配,限制產(chǎn)品銷售的價格和地區(qū)范圍等。②發(fā)展的表現(xiàn):具有資本主義萌芽的部門和地區(qū)增多。(參見教材P10“學(xué)思之窗”)
中國古代商業(yè)的發(fā)展有哪些表現(xiàn)?綜觀中國古代歷史,商業(yè)在不同的歷史時期有不同的表現(xiàn)。主要表現(xiàn)在:(1)商業(yè)活動的場所的變化:先主要在城市中進行,后來農(nóng)村集市貿(mào)易逐漸發(fā)展。唐時加快,明清時突出,出現(xiàn)了專業(yè)性的市集(如絲市、葉市、豬市等),以至逐漸形成了新興的市鎮(zhèn)(有的更是專業(yè)性的集散市集);而不是先有農(nóng)村商業(yè),而后才有城市商業(yè)的發(fā)展。(2)交易內(nèi)容的變化:商業(yè)開始時以販運、交流地區(qū)間的土特產(chǎn)品,經(jīng)營統(tǒng)治者所需要的奢侈品為主要內(nèi)容,以后隨著商品貨幣經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,市場商品種類增多、行業(yè)分細,為一般人民所需要的主要農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品以及城市手工業(yè)所生產(chǎn)的大小商品在整個流通界地位提高。這種情況在宋代已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)。(3)交易媒介的變化:商品交換最原始的形態(tài)是物物交換,不存在交易的媒介。隨著商品交換的內(nèi)容和地域的擴大,出現(xiàn)了以貝殼等為代表的一般等價物。
【課后研討】當(dāng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正大踏步走進人類生活的時候,人們對網(wǎng)絡(luò)作用的認識似乎還是模糊不清。一種意見認為,作為中學(xué)生,他們上網(wǎng)的機會很多,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)向他們展示了各類知識結(jié)構(gòu),網(wǎng)絡(luò)為他們提供了大量信息,又給他們提供了一個接觸社會的個性化和國際化的空間,給了他們一個展示自身能力的大舞臺,所以他們對于知識選擇的靈活性大大增加,學(xué)習(xí)的主動性也大大提高,學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容自然大大超出了狹隘的課本范圍,這對于學(xué)生能力的提高應(yīng)是大有裨益的。另一種意見認為,網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)無疑為推進素質(zhì)教育提供了一塊綠洲.但部分中學(xué)生上網(wǎng)更多的是為了消遣和娛樂,因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)--這個完全虛擬的世界是他們放松自己的最佳場所。同時也許正基于這一點,家長和師長才會對中學(xué)生上網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)不同程度的抵制,因為他們認為網(wǎng)上娛樂分散了他們過多的精力,會對學(xué)業(yè)造成影響;更為重要的是,他們害怕網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的不良信息對他們的身心不利。
(2)世界需要中國:中國入世后,為全球提供一個誘人的大市場。WTO亟須中國帶來新的生機和平衡。世界需要中國。中國作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家,入世后,其巨大的需求潛力將轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實的購買力,為全球提供一個誘人的大市場。目前,與世貿(mào)組織成員間的貿(mào)易額占我國外貿(mào)總額的90%,來華落戶的跨國公司多來自世貿(mào)組織成員。世貿(mào)組織幾任總干事先后在不同場合表達過相同的意愿:WTO亟須中國帶來新的生機和平衡。2、影響:(1)對世界:促進了世界經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,有利于建立完善的世界貿(mào)易體系。(2)對中國:對中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展有利有弊,但利大于弊。中國加入世貿(mào)組織,是機遇也是挑戰(zhàn)。有利:加入世界貿(mào)易組織,促進了我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,進一步完善了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識與能力:(1)識記:理性、啟蒙運動;伏爾泰、孟德斯鳩、盧梭等偉大的啟蒙思想家及其主張;康德及啟蒙運動的影響;(2)理解啟蒙運動興起的背景,分析啟蒙思想的巨大影響;(3)認識上層建筑對社會發(fā)展的巨大反作用。2、過程與方法:(1)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用表格法掌握啟蒙運動主要代表人物及其思想主張;(2)運用比較法加深對啟蒙思想家觀點共性和個性的認識。(3)運用比較法對比文藝復(fù)興和啟蒙運動的異同,說明啟蒙運動對人文主義思想的發(fā)展。3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:(1)通過本課的學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生認識到“一定的文化是一定社會的政治和經(jīng)濟在觀念上和形態(tài)上的反映”;(2)學(xué)習(xí)啟蒙思想家追求真理的精神,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生遠大的理想與抱負;(3)通過法國啟蒙思想產(chǎn)生的巨大影響的分析,使學(xué)生認識意識形態(tài)對社會發(fā)展所起的重大作用,從而提高學(xué)習(xí)理論的自覺性。
(5)be to do (可以和具體的時間狀語連用)①表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。②用于時間、條件狀語從句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學(xué)生們將在學(xué)校大門口集會。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必須努力工作。(6)be about to do (不與具體的時間狀語連用) 表示即將要發(fā)生的動作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學(xué)年開學(xué)在即。(7)一般現(xiàn)在時表將來①表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。常限于表示位置移動的短暫性動詞。②在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時刻表,快點!4026次航班的起飛時間是下午6點20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙,因為去機場的火車半小時后出發(fā)。
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應(yīng)用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進行設(shè)計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考:定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用是什么? 關(guān)系詞有哪些?定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們在先行詞和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用,同時在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔(dān)任一個成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點,總結(jié)共同點。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來參加運動會。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。
From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.