一、教材分析《1億有多大?》是人教版新教材小學(xué)四年級數(shù)學(xué)第七冊第一單元內(nèi)容。教材在數(shù)概念的教學(xué)中,十分重視數(shù)感的培養(yǎng)。讓學(xué)生通過對具體數(shù)量的感知和體驗,幫助學(xué)生理解數(shù)的意義,建立數(shù)感。但由于1億這個數(shù)太大,學(xué)生很難結(jié)合具體的量獲得直觀感受。因此在“大數(shù)的認識”這一單元后,安排這個綜合應(yīng)用,旨在使學(xué)生通過探究活動,經(jīng)歷猜想、實驗、推理和對照的過程,利用可想像的素材充分感受1億這個數(shù)有多大。根據(jù)上述教材分析,考慮到學(xué)生已有的認知結(jié)構(gòu)心理特征,制定如下教學(xué)目標(biāo):二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、通過“稱一稱”“數(shù)一數(shù)”“排一排”的實踐活動,讓學(xué)生從不同的角度感受一億有大,并能結(jié)合實際,以具體的事物來表達對一億大小的感受2、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣和解決實際問題的能力,并在活動中增強主動參與和樂于合作的意識,培養(yǎng)勤儉節(jié)約的優(yōu)良品德。
當(dāng)然獨立思考是合作的前提,沒有獨立思考的合作交流是空的,在本教學(xué)中也有體現(xiàn),例如在進行猜想驗證的教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)中,我要求每個學(xué)生自己先寫一個式子,再四人小組進行交流,最后全班進行交流。在總結(jié)出乘法結(jié)合律的規(guī)律時,要求學(xué)生用自己的語言敘述概括,用自己的方法把這個規(guī)律記住。充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的想象力,以就能獲得學(xué)生創(chuàng)新的思維火花,同時體現(xiàn)“主動參與、積極思考、合作發(fā)現(xiàn)、體驗成功、健康發(fā)展”的教學(xué)思路。在鞏固練習(xí)階段,充分給學(xué)生以自主權(quán),學(xué)生以“創(chuàng)造”的空間,并通過比較,感受計算方法的靈活多樣,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生靈活運用知識進行解題的能力。在練習(xí)的設(shè)計上,設(shè)計了有層次的練習(xí)題,使學(xué)有余力的學(xué)生在原有的基礎(chǔ)上有所提高,體現(xiàn)了因材施教的思想,落實了“人人學(xué)有價值的數(shù)學(xué)”、“人人都能獲得必要的數(shù)學(xué)”、“不同的人在數(shù)學(xué)上得到不同的發(fā)展”基本教學(xué)理念。
學(xué)生雖然在此前的學(xué)習(xí)中,對四則運算中的一些性質(zhì)和規(guī)律有感性的認識,但加法結(jié)合律畢竟是屬于理性的總結(jié)和概括,比較抽象,學(xué)生不易理解和掌握。因此,教師在教學(xué)過程中,要利用學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握的知識,讓學(xué)生獨立解答,然后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析、比較不同的方法,并通過自己的舉例發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律,概括出相應(yīng)的運算律。根據(jù)以上教材內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)的分析,考慮到學(xué)生已有的心理結(jié)構(gòu)特征,我確定了如下教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、理解并掌握加法結(jié)合律,并能夠用字母來表示加法結(jié)合律。2、經(jīng)歷探索加法結(jié)合律的過程,通過對熟悉的實際問題的解決,進行比較和分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)并概括出運算定律。3、在具體情境中體會應(yīng)用加法結(jié)合律進行簡便計算的實際意義,感受到加法結(jié)合律的價值,與日常生活的密切聯(lián)系,形成一定得應(yīng)用意識。重點:理解并掌握加法結(jié)合律,能用字母來表示加法結(jié)合律。難點:經(jīng)歷探索加法結(jié)合律的過程,發(fā)現(xiàn)并概括出運算定律。
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語中表達做某事的步驟的一種說法。如果步驟較多,還可以說:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會聽到說英語國家的人在說 first, next, then, finally 和后面的內(nèi)容時,他們會做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽者接下來講的是一系列的步驟。這一點在朗讀和聽力中應(yīng)特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請看:how many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但在用法上,同學(xué)們常犯如下錯誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語,故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡記為:前how many:問“多少”,復(fù)數(shù)名詞后面跑;how much問“多少”,不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)好。前者答語用基數(shù)詞,后者答語用數(shù)量關(guān)系。
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.學(xué)習(xí)詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動表 獎品四、 教學(xué)過程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動畫片段《灰姑娘》導(dǎo)如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務(wù)。片段的主題使學(xué)生聯(lián)想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學(xué)習(xí)動詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標(biāo)語Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運送;運輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時也可以讓他們復(fù)習(xí)一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴充知識.學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程也是一個不斷積累的過程,復(fù)習(xí)舊知識,增添新知識.通過小游戲,強化學(xué)生對Does she/he have…這個句子的運用能力.通過復(fù)習(xí),自然的引到下面新知識的學(xué)習(xí)。充分利用表格,由句子到對話,再到文章,讓學(xué)生循序漸進. 提高學(xué)生的綜合語言運用能力,運用以前學(xué)過的知識來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學(xué)內(nèi)容與分析:
教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識目標(biāo):(1)學(xué)習(xí)What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學(xué)會用英語描述有關(guān)職業(yè)的表達法。2.能力目標(biāo):(1)能夠談?wù)摓閷崿F(xiàn)理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談?wù)撐磥碜约号c他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語描述課余時間的活動安排,最終具備表達綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標(biāo):新學(xué)期到來之際,讓他們在學(xué)習(xí)、體育、飲食、特長、讀書等方面制定計劃,教育學(xué)生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學(xué)重點、難點本單元的重點為“be going to”表將來,want to be, what,where, when,how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。難點是語言目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設(shè)計了三部分的內(nèi)容:一、Section A該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓(xùn)練;
1 交通工具的比較此活動為小組活動。學(xué)生通過討論找出到達某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學(xué)生以小組為單位展開活動,談?wù)摫窘M所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報,闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務(wù)所需要的語言結(jié)構(gòu):We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個城市更合適?此活動具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設(shè)中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來計劃或行動. 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導(dǎo)) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習(xí)對話.
教學(xué)重點和難點:運用所掌握的語言描述,比較不同地點的特點。在練習(xí)中學(xué)習(xí)掌握英語比較級和最高級的用法。課前準(zhǔn)備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過上網(wǎng)或翻閱報刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計劃。教學(xué)設(shè)計:本節(jié)課流程圖 學(xué)法指導(dǎo):1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體性,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極參與,激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲和學(xué)習(xí)積極性,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極思維,主動獲取知識,養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。逐步學(xué)會獨立解決問題??傊M可能調(diào)動學(xué)生的非智力因素促進智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學(xué)法2.課堂討論法3.任務(wù)型教學(xué)法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,使學(xué)生變被動學(xué)習(xí)為主動學(xué)習(xí)。通過電腦形象的演示,加強印象,提高興趣,突破難點,提高教學(xué)效率,進而增大教學(xué)的容量和信息量。充分體現(xiàn)教師為主導(dǎo),學(xué)生為主體的教學(xué)原則。
預(yù)設(shè) (1)蘇州某生物科技有限公司生產(chǎn)假口罩和知名校長胡紅梅抄襲的行為與中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德相悖。(2)只有講誠信,社會才會文明,國家才會興盛。3.學(xué)生列舉身邊關(guān)于誠信的故事,小組交流,全班展示,師適時點撥、總結(jié)、評價。師小結(jié):堅持誠信,就會贏得信任,誠信是獲得信任的前提?!驹O(shè)計意圖】通過事例分析,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對不誠信行為的認識,從而進一步了解誠信的重要性。四、演講實踐,說“信”學(xué)生活動:1.根據(jù)自己的理解,寫一篇演講稿,說說如何才能做一個有誠信的人。2.全班交流討論。教師活動:1.根據(jù)學(xué)生的交流,及時做出總結(jié)評價。2.歸納總結(jié),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成“說誠信話,做誠信事,做誠信人”的行為準(zhǔn)則。師小結(jié):誠信是為人之本,相信今天的誠信教育僅僅是我們邁向成功人生的第一步。誠信的力量可以點石成金。我們要崇尚誠信:身披一襲燦爛,心系一份執(zhí)著,帶著誠信上路。
(2)比賽過程中演講者要注意以下幾個方面:①表達技巧方面:要觀點鮮明,適當(dāng)使用一些表明個人傾向的詞句;要重點突出、層次分明,恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞和修辭手法;要與聽眾溝通、交流,營造氣氛;要少用或不用生僻詞語、專業(yè)術(shù)語,多用短句,適當(dāng)重復(fù)。②發(fā)音方面:音量適中、自然、有變化,吐字清楚,讀音準(zhǔn)確,使用重音強調(diào)重點,表達感情。③體態(tài)語方面:雙眼平視前方,與觀眾進行目光交流;姿勢放松,體態(tài)自然,做到落落大方、從容自信;根據(jù)需要輔以手勢,但不宜頻繁、夸張。而聽眾要認真傾聽,保持安靜。(3)比賽最后,根據(jù)評分給參賽者頒獎。
第一章《有理數(shù)》1、本章的主要內(nèi)容:對正、負數(shù)的認識;有理數(shù)的概念及分類;相反數(shù)與絕對值的概念及求法;數(shù)軸的概念、畫法及其與相反數(shù)與絕對值的關(guān)系;比較兩個有理數(shù)大小的方法;有理數(shù)加、減、乘、除、乘方運算法則及相關(guān)運算律;科學(xué)計數(shù)法、近似數(shù)、有效數(shù)字的概念及求法。重點:有理數(shù)加、減、乘、除、乘方運算難點:混合運算的運算順序,對結(jié)果符號的確定及對科學(xué)計數(shù)法、有效數(shù)字的理解。
1.要有充分的直觀操作。學(xué)生思維的特點一般的是從感性認識開始,然后形成表象,通過一系列的思維活動,上升到理性認識。本課的教學(xué)采用直觀操作法,是一個重要的環(huán)節(jié)。2.啟發(fā)學(xué)生獨立思考。學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主體,只有引導(dǎo)學(xué)生獨立地發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、思考問題、解決問題,才能收到事半功倍的教學(xué)效果。3.講練結(jié)合。4.充分運用知識的遷移規(guī)律,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握新知識。教學(xué)過程:三、說教學(xué)過程:(一)、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境上課前,教師先給大家講一個與今天的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容有關(guān)的故事,希望同學(xué)們認真地聽、認真地想。故事是這樣的:大象過生日啦!那天來了很多的朋友,有小兔、小猴等等等等,可熱鬧啦!在眾多的朋友中只數(shù)小兔最高興,它樂什么呢?原來它知道了蛋糕的分配方案,認為自己分的蛋糕比小猴的大。蛋糕是這樣分配的:分給小兔的蛋糕是棱長10厘米的正方體,分給小猴的蛋糕是棱長1分米的方體。(分別出示兩塊同樣大小的正方體,用10厘米和1分米表示它們的棱長)
3.設(shè)計實驗。怎樣測量一粒黃豆的體積。這是在第二題的基礎(chǔ)上進行的一個設(shè)計實驗,再次回到“有趣的測量”,讓學(xué)生不僅會計算,還要會自己想辦法測量生活中的很多不規(guī)則物體的體積,這也是我們這節(jié)課要達到的目的。練習(xí)完之后教師再適時將學(xué)生帶進數(shù)學(xué)萬花筒,感受兩千多年前阿基米德的風(fēng)采,激發(fā)了學(xué)生對數(shù)學(xué)的興趣,增強他們主動探索科學(xué)知識的意識。(四)、總結(jié)回顧評價反思在這一環(huán)節(jié)讓學(xué)生講一講收獲、談一談感受,讓學(xué)生自己評價自己,使學(xué)生體驗到成功探索和解決問題的樂趣,樹立學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)的信心,為學(xué)生自主探索提供更為廣闊的空間六、說板書設(shè)計本節(jié)課我采用重點內(nèi)容提綱式板書,簡單明了,重點突出。利用不同色彩的區(qū)分吸引學(xué)生的注意力,突出“轉(zhuǎn)化”這一重要思想。
【設(shè)計意圖】引導(dǎo)學(xué)生梳理文章內(nèi)容,學(xué)習(xí)文章層層推理的特色。四、當(dāng)堂檢測《生于憂患,死于安樂》中提出擔(dān)當(dāng)大任的人必須經(jīng)過艱苦的磨煉。請根據(jù)查找的相關(guān)資料,補充一些例子,并說說你的看法。1.司馬遷受宮刑而作《史記》。2.曹雪芹舉家食粥而寫出了不朽的《紅樓夢》。3.貝多芬即使在雙耳失聰?shù)那闆r下,仍然堅持音樂創(chuàng)作。(生交流討論,舉手發(fā)言)師小結(jié):美國劇作家帕特里克說:“痛苦使人思索,思索使人明智,智慧使人生命持久?!眱?yōu)越的條件容易消磨人的意志,腐蝕人的健康肌體,使人喪失成功的上進心;而艱苦的環(huán)境,坎坷的道路,卻能磨煉人的意志,增強人的上進心。學(xué)習(xí)了本文,希望大家悉心體會,思有所悟,學(xué)有所獲?!驹O(shè)計意圖】增強學(xué)生的憂患意識,激勵學(xué)生要有克服困難的信心和勇氣,學(xué)會正確對待生活中的困境。
陶弘景隱居茅山時期,仍然關(guān)心社會的發(fā)展,希望社會穩(wěn)定,天下百姓都能安居樂業(yè)。梁武帝很感激陶弘景給予的有力支持,親提御毫,寫了一封情真意切的御詔,文曰:“山中何所有?卿何戀而不返?”盼望陶弘景出山輔政,重列朝班。然而陶弘景下定了不出山的決心,他先寫了一首詩,后畫了一幅畫作為回答。詩為《詔問山中何所有賦詩以答》:“山中何所有,嶺上多白云。只可自怡悅,不堪持贈君。”畫的內(nèi)容是:兩頭牛,一頭散放水草之間,自由自在;一頭套著金籠頭,被人用牛繩牽著,用牛鞭驅(qū)趕。梁武帝看了詩和畫,領(lǐng)會了他的用意,就不再強迫他出來做官了。但是“國家每有吉兇征討大事,無不前以咨詢”,故當(dāng)時人稱陶弘景為“山中宰相”。林語堂《蘇東坡傳》中這樣評價蘇軾