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北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)七年級上冊多邊形和圓的初步認(rèn)識說課稿
將一個圓分成三個大小相同的扇形，你能計算出它們的圓心角的度數(shù)嗎？你知道每個扇形的面積和整個圓的面積的關(guān)系嗎？與同伴交流設(shè)計意圖：通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)圓心角與圓心角的比例確定扇形面積與整圓的面積關(guān)系為后面學(xué)習(xí)扇形面積公式做鋪墊，體現(xiàn)知識的延續(xù)性。（六）、鞏固練習(xí).如圖，把一圓分成三個扇形，你能求出這三個扇形的圓心角嗎？若圓的半徑為2，你能求出各部分的面積嗎？（七）、課堂小結(jié)學(xué)完這節(jié)課你有哪些收獲？設(shè)計意圖：通過小節(jié)讓學(xué)生對所學(xué)知識進(jìn)行梳理，使所學(xué)知識能合理地納入自身的知識結(jié)構(gòu)。（八） 布置作業(yè)：中等學(xué)生：P125. 1優(yōu)等生： P125. 2,3我針對學(xué)生素質(zhì)的差異設(shè)計了有層次的訓(xùn)練題，留給學(xué)生課后自主探究，這樣即使學(xué)生掌握基礎(chǔ)知識，又使學(xué)有余力的學(xué)生有所提高，從而達(dá)到拔尖和“減負(fù)”的目的。
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)七年級上冊一元一次方程及其解法說課稿
還有其他解法嗎?從中讓學(xué)生體會解一元一次方程就是根據(jù)是等式的性質(zhì)把方程變形成“x=a(a為已知數(shù))”的形式(將未知數(shù)的系數(shù)化為1)，這也是解方程的基本思路。并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回顧檢驗的方法,鼓勵他們養(yǎng)成檢驗的習(xí)慣)5、提出問題：我們觀察上面方程的變形過程，從中觀察變化的項的規(guī)律是什么？多媒體展示上面變形的過程，讓學(xué)生觀察在變形過程中，變化的項的變化規(guī)律，引出新知識．師提出問題：1．上述演示中，題目中的哪些項改變了在原方程中的位置？怎樣變的？2．改變的項有什么變化？學(xué)生活動：分學(xué)習(xí)小組討論，各組把討論的結(jié)果上報教師，最好分四組，這樣節(jié)省時間．師總結(jié)學(xué)生活動的結(jié)果：－2x改變符號后從等號的一邊移到另一邊。師歸納：像上面那樣，把方程中的某項改變符號后，從方程的一邊移到另一邊的變形叫做移項．這里應(yīng)注意移項要改變符號．
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)七年級上冊統(tǒng)計圖的選擇說課稿
四、教學(xué)過程分析為有序、有效地進(jìn)行教學(xué)，本節(jié)課我主要安排了以下教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)：（一）復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)入主要復(fù)習(xí)一下三種統(tǒng)計圖，為接下來介紹三種統(tǒng)計圖的特點及根據(jù)實際問題選取適當(dāng)?shù)慕y(tǒng)計圖做好知識準(zhǔn)備。（二）問題探究選取課本上“小華對1992～2002年同學(xué)家中有無電視機(jī)及近一年來同學(xué)在家看電視的情況”的3個調(diào)查項目，進(jìn)而設(shè)計3個探究問題從而加深學(xué)生對每一種統(tǒng)計圖的進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識，至此用自己的語言總結(jié)出每一種統(tǒng)計圖的特點。（三）實踐練兵這一環(huán)節(jié)通過2個實際問題的設(shè)計，通過學(xué)生對問題的分析、討論，使學(xué)生認(rèn)識到適當(dāng)選取統(tǒng)計圖有助于幫助人們?nèi)ジ焖?、更?zhǔn)確地獲取信息。（四）課堂小結(jié)總結(jié)這一節(jié)課所學(xué)的重點知識，這部分主要是讓學(xué)生自己去總結(jié)，看看這節(jié)課自己有哪些收獲。（五）作業(yè)布置進(jìn)一步鞏固本節(jié)課所學(xué)的知識，達(dá)到教學(xué)效果。以上就是我對這節(jié)課的見解，不足之處還望批評和指正。
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)七年級上冊一元一次方程及其解法說課稿
1．上述演示中，題目中的哪些項改變了在原方程中的位置？怎樣變的？2．改變的項有什么變化？學(xué)生活動：分學(xué)習(xí)小組討論，各組把討論的結(jié)果上報教師，最好分四組，這樣節(jié)省時間．師總結(jié)學(xué)生活動的結(jié)果：－2x改變符號后從等號的一邊移到另一邊。師歸納：像上面那樣，把方程中的某項改變符號后，從方程的一邊移到另一邊的變形叫做移項．這里應(yīng)注意移項要改變符號．（三）理解性質(zhì)，應(yīng)用鞏固師提出問題：我們可以回過頭來，想一想剛解過的方程哪個變化過程可以叫做移項．學(xué)生活動：要求學(xué)生對課前解方程的變形能說出哪一過程是移項．對比練習(xí)： 解方程：(1) X+4=6 (2) 3X=2X+1(3) 3-X=0 (4) 9X=8X-3學(xué)生活動：把學(xué)生分四組練習(xí)此題，一組、二組同學(xué)(1)(2)題用等式性質(zhì)解，(3)(4)題移項變形解；三、四組同學(xué)(1)(2)題用移項變形解，(3)(4)題用等式性質(zhì)解．師提出問題：用哪種方法解方程更簡便？解方程的步驟是什么？（答：移項法；移項、化簡、檢驗．）
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)七年級上冊直線、射線、線段說課稿
（六）當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)（練習(xí)二、三 10分鐘）練習(xí)二讓學(xué)生口答，通過練習(xí)，鞏固學(xué)生對直線、射線、線段表示方法的掌握。練習(xí)三讓學(xué)生去黑板板演，教師檢驗對錯并重點強(qiáng)調(diào)幾何語言的表述。文字語言和圖形語言之間的轉(zhuǎn)化是難點，著重練習(xí)文字語言向圖形語言的轉(zhuǎn)化，提高幾何語言的理解與運用能力。當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)是檢查學(xué)習(xí)效果、鞏固知識、提高能力的重要手段。通過練習(xí)，學(xué)生會體驗到收獲和成功，發(fā)現(xiàn)存在的不足，教師也及時獲得信息反饋，以便課下查漏補缺。 （七）小結(jié)（3分鐘）教師提問“這節(jié)課我們學(xué)了哪些知識？”請學(xué)生回答，教師做適當(dāng)補充。課堂小結(jié)對一節(jié)課起著“畫龍點晴”的作用，它能體現(xiàn)一節(jié)課所講的知識和數(shù)學(xué)思想。因此，在小結(jié)時，教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生概括本節(jié)內(nèi)容的重點。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教研組工作計劃兩篇
1、繼續(xù)抓好常規(guī)教研，每次教研要有計劃、有主題、有目標(biāo)，談到的問題要解決，討論要有結(jié)果，從而使活動效果最大化?！ ?、以新課標(biāo)測試的形促進(jìn)老師們新課標(biāo)理論學(xué)習(xí)，討論對新課標(biāo)的理解和運用程度，不斷討論和摸索在課堂教學(xué)中如何更大程度地滲透新課標(biāo)的理念。 3、聚焦課堂，加強(qiáng)教學(xué)展示和相互學(xué)習(xí)。繼續(xù)開展研究課、匯報課、展示課等活動，突出新課標(biāo)理念、以創(chuàng)設(shè)情景，主動參與的課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計為研究重點，進(jìn)行“研、講、評、議”一條龍教研活動，充分體現(xiàn)集體智慧，集思廣益，提高教師的授課質(zhì)量，提高課堂效率，嚴(yán)把“有效教學(xué)”關(guān)，打造高效課堂。
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語七年級下冊Where is the post office教案2篇
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語七年級下冊Don’t eat in class教案2篇
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. （板書，教讀）教師把這些句子板書在黑板上，并請學(xué)生大聲整齊地讀祈使句和“can’t”句型，并讓學(xué)生注意兩種句型表達(dá)形式的不同和轉(zhuǎn)換,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并對學(xué)生說：These are our school rules. （板書，教讀） You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.（板書，教讀）步驟3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.學(xué)生看圖，完成1a的內(nèi)容，檢查答案并大聲朗讀校規(guī)。b. 聽錄音，完成1b，選出四位學(xué)生都違反了哪條校規(guī)；聽之前，學(xué)生要讀會英文名。c. 請兩位學(xué)生朗讀1c部分的句型；要求學(xué)生兩人一組對話表演，SA扮演外校轉(zhuǎn)來新生，SB告知本校校規(guī)。（學(xué)生可經(jīng)過討論，多說出他們想到的校規(guī)，不必只限于書上；教師應(yīng)給予幫助）2) 第二課時（2a~4）步驟1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?學(xué)生使用“can”或祈使句表達(dá)各條校規(guī)；其中老師可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表達(dá)。步驟2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?學(xué)生聽第一遍時，完成2a；第二遍時，完成2b；b. 請學(xué)生領(lǐng)讀2c部分，看著2a完成的表格，理解2c活動的要求；分成小組針對2a進(jìn)行問答；
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語七年級下冊It’s raining教案2篇
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學(xué)反思：新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的主體地位，在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個活動中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù)，讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會，從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué)，效果更好。同時讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景，風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place，增加學(xué)生的背景知知識，實現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。教案點評：采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式，在各個活動中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù)，讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會，從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué)，效果更好。讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景，風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place，增加學(xué)生的背景知識，實現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語八年級下冊If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time教案2篇
區(qū)分賓語從句、定于從句和狀語從句賓語從句和狀語從句，都叫做主從復(fù)合句。賓語從句主要是中考必考的，是初中階段必掌握的從句，賓語從句主要是掌握三要素，所謂賓語從句，就是賓語在主從復(fù)合句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)賓語的一個句子，叫做賓語從句。主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面如果是詞或者是短語的話，是簡單句，如果是句子的話，肯定是賓語從句。I know that he good at English.就是賓語從句，三要素，一要素是要注意連詞，連詞一共學(xué)了三類連詞，一類連詞是that口語當(dāng)中可以省略，就像剛才說的那一句，I hear he is good at English.還有疑問代詞、疑問副詞，how where when，疑問代詞、疑問副詞。還有一類連詞weather是否的意思，不是狀語從句當(dāng)中的如果，這一定要和如果區(qū)分開，這是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。賓語從句要注意if是連詞。第二要素是語序，要用陳述舉語序。比如說你家有幾口人，我們都說How many people are there in you family?但是這是簡單句，一旦說成賓語從句，你可以告訴我你家有幾口人嗎？Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語七年級下冊How was your weekend教案2篇
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學(xué)步驟、時間 教師活動 學(xué)生活動 媒體應(yīng)用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學(xué)們回答下列問題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時教師用漢語問：“在周末期間問你干了什么?這句話用英語這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書、學(xué)習(xí))
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語七年級下冊I want to be an actor教案2篇
三、教學(xué)建議第一課時：1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語七年級下冊Why do you like koalas教案2篇
單元整體說明（一）單元教材分析本單元的核心話題是描述動物和表達(dá)個人喜好，以及句式why do you like…? Because…。這也是本單元的教學(xué)重點。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)能較流利地運用所學(xué)詞匯和句型描述動物，表達(dá)個人喜好。（二）單元知識結(jié)構(gòu)1．詞匯動物名稱 tiger, elephant, koala, dolphin, etc．詞匯描述性形容詞: smart, cute, ugly, clever, shy, etc．國家名: Australia, South Africa2．句型Why do you like koala hears? Because they are cute．Where are pandas from? They're from China．What animals do you like? I like dolphins．（三）單元整體目標(biāo)1．Master the vocabulary2．Master and use: Why do you like koalas? Because they am cute．Where are pandas from? They're from China．What animals do you like? I like dolphins．（四）單元教學(xué)重難點一覽（五）單元學(xué)情分析學(xué)生此前已經(jīng)學(xué)過由why, where, what 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句句型，具有了學(xué)習(xí)本單元知識的認(rèn)知前提。形形色色的動物能激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心，產(chǎn)生了解它們的欲望，這有利于本單元知識的教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)。
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語八年級下冊What should I do教案2篇
說明：在幫Li Lei提建議的同時，教育學(xué)生如何學(xué)好英語。第三課時教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 語言目標(biāo)：a) 詞匯: Original, in style, haircut, the same as.b) 語言結(jié)構(gòu):My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.2. 能力目標(biāo):大多數(shù)學(xué)生能夠談?wù)撟约合矚g哪種服裝，提高查找信息的能力。3. 情感目標(biāo):學(xué)會如何與朋友相處，要有自己對時尚的看法。教學(xué)重點掌握一些重要詞匯。教學(xué)難點學(xué)會談?wù)搯栴}，并能提出書面建議?！艚虒W(xué)突破首先針對Erin的問題，提出個人的建議，模仿2c部分的對話展開雙人交際Pair-work；聽老師誦讀3a部分的信件，并找出LEFT OUT的問題所在；學(xué)生完成3b部分的內(nèi)容，給Left Out提出書面的建議；學(xué)以口頭形式提出自己目前存在的某個問題，講給大家聽，讓同學(xué)們給自己提出一個建議，并作筆錄；學(xué)生兩、三個人分成一組，隨意性地進(jìn)行口語交際，談?wù)揚14的第4部分的某個問題，相互交換意見。
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語八年級下冊It’s a nice day, isn’t it教案2篇
"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好！歡迎你！請做一下自我介紹。認(rèn)識一下你的新同學(xué)?！蓖ǔＴ谡n上老師會這樣說。你會說什么呢？“噢，不！”與陌生人談話太困難了。但是這也很有意思，并且你還能交到朋友。你該怎么做呢？閑聊。閑聊指得是禮貌的對話?！巴蹰且粋€很棒的乒乓球運動員，不是嗎？”“我希望自己能認(rèn)識她，你呢？“今年的雨水很多，不是嗎？”反意疑問句是一種禮貌用語。為了使得談話成功，你應(yīng)該知道怎樣去進(jìn)行閑聊。你還應(yīng)該知道與不同的人該談?wù)撌裁礃拥脑掝}。認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)這個單元吧，下次在英語課上，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與大家展開談話是一件很容易的事情，不信我們來試試。)
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語八年級下冊He said I was hard-working教案2篇
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語八年級下冊How long have you been collecting shells教案2篇
Step Ⅱ Show the new words on the screen and teach the new words. Read the new words to students and ask them to repeat.Step Ⅲ 3aThis activity introduces new vocabulary and provides reading practice using the target language.In this activity first look at the four pictures.T: What can you see in the pictures?Ss: Four snow globes.T: Right. There are four snow globes in the pictures. And what are they?Ss: They are a monster, two polar bears, two penguins and a birthday cake.Write these words on the blackboard: snow globe; monster; polar bear; penguin and birthday cake. Read them to the class and ask students to repeat each one. Make sure students understand each word.Use a computer to show the E-mail message on the screen and read the message to students.Get students to read the e-mail on their own, and then draw lines connecting each snow globe and its description.Correct the answers.AnswersA line should connect each snow globe picture with the words that describe it in the letter.Step Ⅳ 3bThis activity provides writing practice using the target language.First review Activity 2a on Page 47.Then ask students to complete the message according to Activity 2a.Some partial sentences are given to students. Write about one person's collection.When students work, walk around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.When they finish, ask some students to read their messages to the class.
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語八年級下冊What were you doing when the UFO arrived教案2篇
(一).知識方面: 1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能運用過去進(jìn)行時來描述、談?wù)撨^去某個時間正在發(fā)生的事情或動作的意識和能力，能就過去某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作做出正確的描述。 2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力和角色扮演的合作能力。 3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生講述過去發(fā)生的事情經(jīng)過的能力。能正確運用一般過去時來講述故事。 (二).技能方面: 1.本單元的語言目標(biāo)是Talk about past events and tell a story（談?wù)撨^去的時間和講述一個故事），圍繞這一目標(biāo)，要涉及句型： What were you doing when the UFO arrived? ----I was sitting in the barber’s chair. The barber was cutting my hair. 因此必須學(xué)習(xí)standing、studying、cleaning、sleeping、cooking、making、eating、cutting、等表示地點的詞，以便為上述句型提供語言材料。2.學(xué)習(xí)過去進(jìn)行時的有關(guān)知識。Was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞，是該時態(tài)的表達(dá)式。 3.在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，要區(qū)分The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.和While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.這兩種由when和while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。注意它們的不同。
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)八年級上冊算術(shù)平方根教案
一、情境導(dǎo)入上一節(jié)課我們做過：由兩個邊長為1的小正方形，通過剪一剪，拼一拼，得到一個邊長為a的大正方形，那么有a2＝2，a＝________，2是有理數(shù)，而a是無理數(shù)．在前面我們學(xué)過若x2＝a，則a叫做x的平方，反過來x叫做a的什么呢？二、合作探究探究點一：算術(shù)平方根的概念【類型一】 求一個數(shù)的算術(shù)平方根求下列各數(shù)的算術(shù)平方根：(1)64；(2)214；(3)0.36；(4)412－402.解析：根據(jù)算術(shù)平方根的定義求非負(fù)數(shù)的算術(shù)平方根，只要找到一個非負(fù)數(shù)的平方等于這個非負(fù)數(shù)即可．解：(1)∵82＝64，∴64的算術(shù)平方根是8；(2)∵(32)2＝94＝214，∴214的算術(shù)平方根是32；(3)∵0.62＝0.36，∴0.36的算術(shù)平方根是0.6；(4)∵412－402＝81，又92＝81，∴81＝9，而32＝9，∴412－402的算術(shù)平方根是3.方法總結(jié)：(1)求一個數(shù)的算術(shù)平方根時，首先要弄清是求哪個數(shù)的算術(shù)平方根，分清求81與81的算術(shù)平方根的不同意義，不要被表面現(xiàn)象迷惑．(2)求一個非負(fù)數(shù)的算術(shù)平方根常借助平方運算，因此熟記常用平方數(shù)對求一個數(shù)的算術(shù)平方根十分有用．
北師大初中七年級數(shù)學(xué)上冊科學(xué)記數(shù)法教案2
光年是表示較大距離的一個單位, 而納米(nanometer)則是表示微小距離的單位。1納米= 米，即1米= 納米。我們通常使用的尺上的一小格是一毫米(mm)，1毫米= 米。可見，1毫米= 納米，容易算出，1納米相當(dāng)于1毫米的一百萬分之一。可想而知，1納米是多么的小。超微粒子的大小一般在1～100 納米范圍內(nèi)，故又稱納米粒子。納米粒子的尺寸小，表面積大，具有高度的活性。因此，利用納米粒子可制備活性極高的催化劑，在火箭固體燃料中摻入鋁的納米微粒，可提高燃燒效率若干倍。利用鐵磁納米材料具有很高矯頑力的特點，可制成磁性信用卡、磁性鑰匙，以及高性能錄像帶等 。利用納米材料等離子共振頻率的可調(diào)性可制成隱形飛機(jī)的涂料。納米材料的表面積大，對外界環(huán)境(物理的和化學(xué)的)十分敏感，在制造傳感器方面是有前途的材料，目前已開發(fā)出測量溫度、熱輻射和檢測各種特定氣體的傳感器。在生物和醫(yī)學(xué)中也有重要應(yīng)用。納米材料科學(xué)是20世紀(jì)80年代末誕生并正在崛起的科技新領(lǐng)域，它將成為跨世紀(jì)的科技熱點之一。