我以以《登高》為例,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行意象分析,感悟意境美。古人云“立象以盡意”“古詩之妙,專求意象”意象是詩人情感的載體,是詩歌的靈魂。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生張開聯(lián)想和想象的翅膀去感受,去體驗(yàn)是意象,詩歌鑒賞的關(guān)鍵??屏治榈抡f“真正藝術(shù)的作品,不是看見的,也不是聽到的,而是想象中的某種東西?!痹娙送ㄟ^想象創(chuàng)造出詩的形象,我們讀者通過想象豐富地再現(xiàn)詩人創(chuàng)造的形象。而感受體驗(yàn)則是以全部身心投入作品,心靈與心靈相溝通,感情與感情相交流,對詩人的想象活動進(jìn)行再經(jīng)歷和再體驗(yàn)。因此,在引導(dǎo)意象解讀中,我先讓學(xué)生點(diǎn)擊這一個(gè),就是通過抓修飾詞、依據(jù)感情基調(diào)、展開想象具體分析本詩中每個(gè)意象的情感意蘊(yùn)和審美意蘊(yùn),使學(xué)生明白意象在每首詩中的獨(dú)特性。
本文篇幅較長,并且有一字句不易理解,因而對高一學(xué)生來說完全讀懂內(nèi)容有一些困難。這樣的話,老師就要做好引導(dǎo)工作,把一些難點(diǎn),或是出現(xiàn)詞類活用比較多,局勢比較特殊的句子,老師可以先給學(xué)生畫出來,存疑,或是與同學(xué)們一起討論解決。對那些不易懂的字詞就引導(dǎo)學(xué)生聯(lián)系上下文提供的語境、前后涉及的情節(jié)加以推測、判斷,以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生依據(jù)文脈推斷詞義的好方法。要求學(xué)生點(diǎn)出重點(diǎn)實(shí)詞、框出通假字,主要是為幫助學(xué)生積累和掌握一些文言文中常見的一詞多義、異讀現(xiàn)象、古今異義和通假現(xiàn)象的詞語,并進(jìn)一步得出規(guī)律,指導(dǎo)今后的文言文學(xué)習(xí)。詞類活用和特殊句式在文言文翻譯中難度較大,也是本文教學(xué)的兩大難點(diǎn)。要求學(xué)生標(biāo)出有活用現(xiàn)象的字和劃出句式特殊的句子,是基于兩點(diǎn)考慮:1、積累一定數(shù)量的第一手例句;2、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生加以分類,找出每類的相同特征,并抽取出來形成規(guī)律性的東西,從而上升到理性認(rèn)識,使學(xué)生能由學(xué)會一個(gè)到會學(xué)多個(gè)。翻譯過程中注重指導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成用符號法表示重點(diǎn)字句的好習(xí)慣,如點(diǎn)、框、圈、劃線等符號應(yīng)約定一致,便于突出翻譯中的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)。我的提示著重歸納了實(shí)詞“制”“亡”“遺”“利”等,名詞活用、形容詞活用、使動用法,被動句、狀語后置句。
4,教師重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥以下幾個(gè)問題⑴廊坊戰(zhàn)役:義和團(tuán)浴血奮戰(zhàn),對敵人毫不退縮, 其勝利,挫敗了西摩爾聯(lián)軍進(jìn)犯北京的計(jì)劃,沉重打擊了侵略者的氣焰,粉碎了所謂“西方軍隊(duì)無敵”的神話。這是對學(xué)生進(jìn)行愛國主義的重要素材之一,教師重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥突出其情感教育的重要作用。⑵讓學(xué)生(閱讀教材小字和材料,結(jié)合插圖,認(rèn)清八國聯(lián)軍對中國人民犯下的滔天罪行。)并讓學(xué)生分組探討自己的看法,一方面培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言表訴能力,另一方面通過學(xué)生的訴說激發(fā)學(xué)生的愛國情感,樹立落后就要挨打的觀念.⑶指導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過對條約主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分析,并自然得出結(jié)論:清政府完全成為帝國主義統(tǒng)治中國的工具,中國完全陷入半殖民地半封建社會。讓學(xué)生逐步學(xué)會分析和歸納能力(4)進(jìn)行拓展訓(xùn)練出示中國近代史上列強(qiáng)的大規(guī)模的侵華戰(zhàn)爭和中國人民的反抗斗爭
2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(說板書設(shè)計(jì))On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.
Step 7 Language points 1.Vocabulary (1) go through (2) set down (3) a series of (4) on purpose (5) in order to (6)at dusk (7)entirely (8)face to face 2.Important sentences (1)…I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (2)There was a time when … (3)I stayed awake on purpose until … (4)It was the first time … that I’d seen the night … (5)It’s no pleasure looking through … Purpose: 1.Master the required vocabulary and sentence structures. 2.Use them freely. Step 8 Consolidation 1.Find out the topic sentences 2.Retell the text according to the topic sentences Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the text. Step 9 Discussion Imagine you have to go into hiding like Anne and her family, what would you miss most? Giveyour reasons. Purpose: Train Ss’ oral English ability. Step 10 Homework Write an article on Friends. Purpose: 1. Improve the Ss’ writing ability. 2 Train the Ss’ ability of self—teaching and looking up information by themselves. Part 5 Blackboard design(說板書設(shè)計(jì))Unit 1 Friendship Reading Anne’s Best Friend 1.Main idea of each paragraph: Para. 1 Anne made her diary her best friend. Para .2 Anne wrote her feelings in her diary. Para .3 Anne missed nature. Para.4 Anne saw the night face to face Para.5 Anne wanted to experience nature outdoors. 2.Listening: Exx.1 P3 3.Discussion: Exx.3 P3 Purpose: 1.Make Ss familiar with the passage 2.Make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.
In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design(板書設(shè)計(jì))That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
在接下來的細(xì)讀環(huán)節(jié),我套用了高考對閱讀理解的考查方式設(shè)置了5個(gè)問題,分別為三個(gè)推理判斷題,一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題和一個(gè)主旨大意題。學(xué)生需要對文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析、歸納、推理、猜測等高級思維活動才能做出正確的回答?!驹O(shè)計(jì)意圖】這一過程是對學(xué)生進(jìn)行細(xì)讀的訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取特定信息和挖掘文章深層次信息的能力。第三環(huán)節(jié):Intensive-reading (精讀) 15′第三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)精讀,既是最重要的環(huán)節(jié),也是突破本課重難點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵。首先,讓學(xué)生思考劇本中人物看到百萬英鎊前后的態(tài)度發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。其次,讓學(xué)生仔細(xì)閱讀文章,找出可以表現(xiàn)人物態(tài)度變化的具體的語言和動作。最后,讓學(xué)生總結(jié)人物的態(tài)度發(fā)生變化的根本原因是什么,從而引出Money Talks, 供學(xué)生思考?!驹O(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過一系列的活動培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)從人物的語言和動作探究人物的心理,使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步體會戲劇語言的魅力,從而對文章背后所反映的社會問題進(jìn)行思考,也為下一步的討論環(huán)節(jié)做好鋪墊。
Teaching Aims:Knowledge 1. Get the students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this section. Aims:2. Let the students learn about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.1. Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different Ability reading skills. Aims:2. Enable students to learn to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack Emotional 1. Let students know more about the UK2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning Aims:Teaching Important Points:1. Let the students learn about the countries of the United Kingdom and the Union Jack2. Get the students to read the passage and know about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.3. Have the students learn different reading skills.Teaching Difficult Ponts:1. Develop students’ reading ability.2. Enable students to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack.3. Let students learn how the UK was formed geographically and historically.Teaching Methods:Showing pictures, asking, exercising, listening, reading etc.Teaching Aids:A computer,a projector and a blackboard.Teaching Procedures: 1) Show a map of the world, ask students the following questions:Where is the UK?What’s the full name of the UK?2) Ask the students work in pairs to do the quiz on Page 9.Do you want to test how many things you know about the United Kingdom? Let’s have a small test.Using the map on P9, students answer the following questions:?How many countries does the UK consist of? What are they??England is divided into three main areas. Do you know what they are? 1) Scanning (10Minutes )Let the students hold the questions asked in pre-reading and read the passagequickly and then let them do the following exercise.Join lines to the right answer.
【本課小結(jié)】本課主要講述了古代中國土地制度的發(fā)展情況。明清的資本主義萌芽,是中國封建社會內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的新生事物。但資本主義萌芽受到的封建王朝“重農(nóng)抑商”和“閉關(guān)鎖國”政策的阻礙。正是這種“閉關(guān)鎖國”與“重農(nóng)抑商”政策相結(jié)合,導(dǎo)致了資本主義萌芽的緩慢發(fā)展,并使中國與世隔絕,不能及時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)西方先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù),使中國落后于世界潮流,從而埋下了日后落后挨打的禍根?!局悄苡?xùn)練】閱讀下列材料:材料一自耕農(nóng)是封建國家直接剝削的對象。為了保證賦稅、徭役的供應(yīng),封建國家歷來關(guān)注這一階層的存在?!胺€(wěn)定小農(nóng)”是封建王朝長治久安的良策,每一個(gè)新王朝建立時(shí),對此尤為關(guān)注。他們總是采取鼓勵墾荒等政策,積極培植自耕農(nóng)。誠然,自耕農(nóng)這一階層是很不穩(wěn)定的,經(jīng)常分化。
1.村級重大事項(xiàng)決策程序不夠民主。一是應(yīng)開村民代表大會而未開。一些村沒有按照“五議兩公開”決策程序?qū)嵤?,以?fù)印方式重復(fù)使用會議決議,以簽到冊作為決議使用。二是以村兩委會議代替村民代表會議決策。特別是涉及村兩委干部工資補(bǔ)貼、困難補(bǔ)助、村工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)等事項(xiàng),有的只通過村兩委會議討論,未召開村民代表會議進(jìn)行表決。三是民主決策形式化。如清涼峰鎮(zhèn)白果村在20**年實(shí)施大明山茯苓林道建設(shè)項(xiàng)目、嶺下大禮堂再次修復(fù)工程時(shí),直接以村兩委會議討論決定或村民代表會議決議形式,指定個(gè)人實(shí)施。
我選取這兩組例子的目的就是要學(xué)生在閱讀對比中明白“橫看成嶺側(cè)成峰。遠(yuǎn)近高低各不同”的道理。要讓學(xué)生明白:看同一景物,觀者所處的方位不同,角度不同,收到的效果也不同。最后教師明確:要寫出景物的特征,首先得仔細(xì)觀察,并注意觀察點(diǎn)的變化。然后追問:抓住景物的特征還有哪些要求?讓學(xué)生帶著問題再來看多媒體出示的夜晚荷塘圖和泰山松的有關(guān)圖片,先讓學(xué)生嘗試描寫,然后再出示《荷塘月色》和《雨中登泰山》中和圖片有關(guān)的兩段描寫。這兩段分別是:“曲曲折折的荷塘上面,彌望的是田田的葉子……仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的?!保ā逗商猎律罚?,“但是把人的心靈帶到一種崇高境界的,是那些“吸翠霞而夭矯的松樹……都讓你覺得他們是泰山的天然主人,好象少了誰都不應(yīng)該似的?!保ā队曛械翘┥健罚?/p>
人教版新課標(biāo)教材必修一的“表達(dá)交流”部分,有一個(gè)專題是“人性的光輝——寫人要凸顯個(gè)性”。其中的“寫法借鑒”部分列舉了兩則人物描寫實(shí)例,并歸納出人物描寫的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)。其訓(xùn)練的思路和方法是很明顯的,但所列舉的人物描寫的實(shí)例卻不夠典型。而必修一第三單元正好是學(xué)習(xí)寫人記事散文,其中的兩篇自讀課文《記梁任公先生的一次演講》《金岳霖先生》又是寫人記事非常典型的文章,故而我嘗試將這兩篇文章作為實(shí)例和。寫人要凸顯個(gè)性。寫作指導(dǎo)結(jié)合起來教學(xué)。這樣設(shè)計(jì)還有一個(gè)目的,那就是解決課程改革中教學(xué)內(nèi)容多而課時(shí)緊張的矛盾,提高課堂教學(xué)效率。師:今天,我們一起來學(xué)習(xí)“寫人要凸顯個(gè)性”。這兩堂課分四個(gè)步驟來完成:一、先學(xué)習(xí)教材中關(guān)于寫人方法的介紹,約15分鐘;二、快速閱讀第三單元的《記梁任公先生的一次演講》和《金岳霖先生》兩篇文章,具體感受其寫人的方法,約30分鐘;
(四)、彈性勢能(據(jù)課時(shí)情況,可以讓學(xué)生自學(xué))生活中還有一些物體既沒有運(yùn)動也沒有很大的高度卻同樣“儲存”著能量,哪怕它只是孩童手里的玩具(圖片:彈弓)。張緊的弓一撒手就會對箭支做功改變它的動能,松弛的弓有這樣的本領(lǐng)嗎?同樣是弓前者具有能量而后者沒有,那么什么情況下物體才具有這種能量呢?張緊的弓在恢復(fù)原狀的過程會對外做功,但是拉斷的弓還能有做功的本領(lǐng)嗎?1.定義:物體由于發(fā)生彈性形變而具有的能量叫做彈性勢能。2.彈性勢能的大小與哪些因素有關(guān)呢?3、勢能由相互作用的物體的相對位置決定的能量。重力勢能:由地球和物體間相對位置決定。彈性勢能:由發(fā)生形變的各部分的相對位置決定。(五).反饋練習(xí)1. 物體在運(yùn)動過程中,克服重力做功50J, 則( )A.重力做功為50JB.物體的重力勢能一定增加50JC.物體的重力勢能一定減少50JD.重力做功為-50J
學(xué)生中存在這樣的問題:既然宇宙間的一切物體都是相互吸引的,那么為什么沒有吸引到一起?為了解決這個(gè)問題,安排了例題2例2、兩物體質(zhì)量都是1kg,相距1m,它們間的萬有引力是多少?通過本題,讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識到一般物體間的引力極小,不用考慮。那么,質(zhì)量很大的天體為什么沒被吸引到一塊?從而引出下節(jié)課題。4.課堂小結(jié):本節(jié)課,從天體運(yùn)動出發(fā),通過推理證明,形成理性認(rèn)識,再結(jié)合例題習(xí)題使學(xué)生的理性認(rèn)識再反饋到具體事實(shí)。形成實(shí)踐-理論-實(shí)踐的認(rèn)知循環(huán),順應(yīng)了認(rèn)知規(guī)律.。本共設(shè)計(jì)了很多問,能讓學(xué)生想的盡量讓學(xué)生想、能學(xué)生說的盡量讓學(xué)生說、能讓學(xué)生做的盡量讓學(xué)生做,全面發(fā)展學(xué)生的各方面能力。再通過作業(yè)和探究性課題使學(xué)生的思維活動在時(shí)空上得以延續(xù)。5.布置作業(yè):布置作業(yè)時(shí)刻意安排引入:萬有引力、重力、向心力、三者的聯(lián)系,通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對比結(jié)果,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題:萬有引力與重力向心力的關(guān)系與區(qū)別,為下節(jié)知識的難點(diǎn)突破作好了鋪墊。
【學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容分析】在行星運(yùn)動規(guī)律與萬有引力定律兩節(jié)內(nèi)容之間安排本節(jié)內(nèi)容,是為了更突出發(fā)現(xiàn)萬有引力定律的這個(gè)科學(xué)過程。如果說上一節(jié)內(nèi)容是從運(yùn)動學(xué)角度描述行星運(yùn)動的話,那么,本節(jié)內(nèi)容是從動力學(xué)角度來研究行星運(yùn)動的,研究過程是依據(jù)已有規(guī)律進(jìn)行的演繹推理過程。教科書在尊重歷史事實(shí)的前提下,通過一些邏輯思維的鋪墊,讓學(xué)生以自己現(xiàn)有的知識基礎(chǔ)身于歷史的背景下,經(jīng)歷一次“發(fā)現(xiàn)”萬有引力的過程,因此體驗(yàn)物理學(xué)研究問題的方法就成為主要的教學(xué)目標(biāo)?!緦W(xué)情分析】在學(xué)太陽對行星的引力之前,學(xué)生已經(jīng)對力、重力、向心力、加速度、重力加速度、向心加速度等概念有了較好的理解,并且掌握自由落體運(yùn)動和圓周運(yùn)動等運(yùn)動規(guī)律,能熟練運(yùn)用牛頓運(yùn)動定律解決動力學(xué)問題。已經(jīng)完全具備深入探究和學(xué)習(xí)萬有引力定律的起點(diǎn)能力。所以在推導(dǎo)太陽與行星運(yùn)動規(guī)律時(shí),教師可以要求學(xué)生自主地運(yùn)用原有的知識進(jìn)行推導(dǎo),并要求說明每一步推理的理論依據(jù)是什么,教師僅在難點(diǎn)問題上做適當(dāng)?shù)狞c(diǎn)撥。
了解了第一宇宙速度及其意義之后,繼續(xù)提出問題,讓學(xué)生思考:如果衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度7.9km/s ,會出現(xiàn)什么情況呢?先讓學(xué)生們大膽猜想,然后再向?qū)W生們介紹 衛(wèi)星發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度后的幾種可能情況,引出第二宇宙速度和第三宇宙速度,讓學(xué)生對第二、第三宇宙速度及其意義做定性了解。并通過演示Flash課件,幫助學(xué)生理解、加深學(xué)生印象。在學(xué)生對人造衛(wèi)星的原理及發(fā)射衛(wèi)星的速度條件有了初步了解后,接下來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對衛(wèi)星的運(yùn)動規(guī)律作進(jìn)一步的探索。實(shí)際上衛(wèi)星并不是沿地表水平發(fā)射的,而是用火箭多次加速送到一定的高度的軌道后,再沿以地心為圓心的圓周的切線運(yùn)行的。讓學(xué)生繼續(xù)深入思考:衛(wèi)星在不同高度繞地球運(yùn)行時(shí)的速度怎么求呢?將衛(wèi)星送入低軌道和高軌道所需的速度都一樣么?如果把不同軌道上的衛(wèi)星繞地球的運(yùn)動都看成是勻速圓周運(yùn)動,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用已學(xué)的萬有引力和圓周運(yùn)動的相關(guān)知識,探究衛(wèi)星繞地球的運(yùn)行規(guī)律。
(4)評價(jià)民主通過對雅典公民享有充分的言論自由的介紹及展示伯利克里的講話、陶片放逐法,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識到,雅典的民主在統(tǒng)治階級內(nèi)部已經(jīng)達(dá)到了非常高的層次,并促進(jìn)了希臘人完整人格的形成。通過伯利克里講話、圖片、文字分別講述希臘人重責(zé)任感、渴求知識的民族性格,并請學(xué)生朗讀有關(guān)雅典人生活的有關(guān)文字,讓學(xué)生在閱讀中感情逐漸升溫,引發(fā)學(xué)生對民主的充分認(rèn)同及對雅典人重精神生活的無限神往。問題設(shè)置:讓學(xué)生思考雅典民主政治對后世西方政治制度的重大影響。同時(shí)指出“民主是不可抗拒的歷史潮流!”讓學(xué)生在原有知識的基礎(chǔ)上認(rèn)識民主政治的必然性。用書中的兩段材料分析希臘民主政治的特征和實(shí)質(zhì),分析其影響。4.課堂小結(jié)對本課內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括性的總結(jié)5.知能訓(xùn)練,運(yùn)用遷移體現(xiàn)一定的層次性,滿足不同層次學(xué)生的要求。6.布置作業(yè)撰寫歷史論文首先布置論文范圍、主題;其次進(jìn)行舉例;最后提供相關(guān)查閱資料的網(wǎng)址。