(3)v. 給:提出;展現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn)present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給;頒發(fā);授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時,他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會將在六月向議會提交最后的報告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現(xiàn)自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關重要的是我們要表現(xiàn)得更加團結(jié)。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.
Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
在接下來的細讀環(huán)節(jié),我套用了高考對閱讀理解的考查方式設置了5個問題,分別為三個推理判斷題,一個細節(jié)題和一個主旨大意題。學生需要對文章的內(nèi)容進行分析、歸納、推理、猜測等高級思維活動才能做出正確的回答。【設計意圖】這一過程是對學生進行細讀的訓練,培養(yǎng)學生獲取特定信息和挖掘文章深層次信息的能力。第三環(huán)節(jié):Intensive-reading (精讀) 15′第三個環(huán)節(jié)精讀,既是最重要的環(huán)節(jié),也是突破本課重難點的關鍵。首先,讓學生思考劇本中人物看到百萬英鎊前后的態(tài)度發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。其次,讓學生仔細閱讀文章,找出可以表現(xiàn)人物態(tài)度變化的具體的語言和動作。最后,讓學生總結(jié)人物的態(tài)度發(fā)生變化的根本原因是什么,從而引出Money Talks, 供學生思考?!驹O計意圖】通過一系列的活動培養(yǎng)學生學習從人物的語言和動作探究人物的心理,使學生進一步體會戲劇語言的魅力,從而對文章背后所反映的社會問題進行思考,也為下一步的討論環(huán)節(jié)做好鋪墊。
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
思考:洗衣機脫水時轉(zhuǎn)速高時容易甩干衣物,還是轉(zhuǎn)速低時容易甩干衣物?(2) 制作棉花糖的原理內(nèi)筒與洗衣機的脫水筒相似,里面加入白砂糖,加熱使糖熔化成糖汁。內(nèi)筒高速旋轉(zhuǎn),黏稠的糖汁就做離心運動,從內(nèi)筒壁的小孔飛散出去,成為絲狀到達溫度較低的外筒,并迅速冷卻凝固,變得纖細雪白,像一團團棉花。5.離心現(xiàn)象的防止在水平公路上行駛的汽車,轉(zhuǎn)彎時所需的向心力是由車輪與路面的靜摩擦力提供的。如果轉(zhuǎn)彎時速度過大,所需向心力F大于最大靜摩擦力Fmax,汽車將做離心運動而造成交通事故。因此,在公路彎道處,車輛行駛不允許超過規(guī)定的速度。當高速轉(zhuǎn)動的砂輪或者飛輪內(nèi)部分子間相互作用力不足以提供所需向心力時,離心運動就會使他們破裂,甚至釀成事故。
師:同學們這個暑假過得真不錯呀,都有自己最開心的日子。同學們經(jīng)歷的這些活動,讓你們自己長了知識,豐富了閱歷,你們今天的介紹,也讓我和更多的同學大開了眼界。由此可見,在今天,通過親身參與、實踐,通過網(wǎng)絡、電影,通過交流發(fā)言,大家獲得了許多新的信息、知識,增強了對祖國美好河山的熱愛、對科技的向往和異國的友誼。同學們信息交流的過程,實際上也是文化傳播的過程。板書課題:第二課時文化在交流中傳播話題導入討論話題:如何建設文明校園?(課前準備:要求同學們仔細觀察、了解關于校園文明現(xiàn)象的問題,并就如何建設文明校園提出自己的建議。教師可按自然組,讓學生推選一名代表發(fā)言,就校園文明方面談談存在的問題和不足,或提出一些中肯的改進意見)(學生交流)生1:建設文明校園,首先要凈化語言環(huán)境,我們學校不少同學愛說臟話,與文明校園很不相稱。
下面是對以高技術產(chǎn)業(yè)為主的新工業(yè)區(qū)的內(nèi)容進行講解,教材以美國“硅谷”為例,首先談的是高技術工業(yè)的特點,然后講述的是“硅谷”的發(fā)展條件,由于教學模式與意大利新工業(yè)區(qū)的內(nèi)容基本一致,這里就不再贅述了。接下來教材中提到的與之對照的案例同樣是以高技術產(chǎn)業(yè)而聞名的中關村,由于中關村在國內(nèi)的知名度較高,一般學生都有所了解,因此不妨讓學生談談自己的看法:對于高新技術產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展有何建議,相對于發(fā)展較為成功的“硅谷”我們需要學習的方面又是哪些?案例中最后一個問題很值得深省,我國的新工業(yè)區(qū)到底怎樣做才能夠獲得成功,簡單的模仿下我們?nèi)鄙俚挠质鞘裁矗窟@個問題可以作為拓展,讓學生寫一篇簡短的論文作為課后作業(yè)。最后做以簡單的課堂小結(jié)。本節(jié)內(nèi)容的教學可能會相對繁雜,而案例之間的分析過程又過于雷同,所以難免枯燥。在處理這個問題上,我將盡量做到詳略得當,主要培養(yǎng)學生的自主學習能力。
(四)、彈性勢能(據(jù)課時情況,可以讓學生自學)生活中還有一些物體既沒有運動也沒有很大的高度卻同樣“儲存”著能量,哪怕它只是孩童手里的玩具(圖片:彈弓)。張緊的弓一撒手就會對箭支做功改變它的動能,松弛的弓有這樣的本領嗎?同樣是弓前者具有能量而后者沒有,那么什么情況下物體才具有這種能量呢?張緊的弓在恢復原狀的過程會對外做功,但是拉斷的弓還能有做功的本領嗎?1.定義:物體由于發(fā)生彈性形變而具有的能量叫做彈性勢能。2.彈性勢能的大小與哪些因素有關呢?3、勢能由相互作用的物體的相對位置決定的能量。重力勢能:由地球和物體間相對位置決定。彈性勢能:由發(fā)生形變的各部分的相對位置決定。(五).反饋練習1. 物體在運動過程中,克服重力做功50J, 則( )A.重力做功為50JB.物體的重力勢能一定增加50JC.物體的重力勢能一定減少50JD.重力做功為-50J
(5)高度不同,對平拋運動距離有何影響,是否因為高度減小后下落時間減小,所以要增大速度才能達到相同的距離?(教學實踐證明,這種想法在學生比較多見。已經(jīng)不自覺的沿用了自由落體運動的規(guī)律,又隱隱有運動等時性的痕跡。應引導學生這一結(jié)果還需實驗驗證。)教師的引導:其實,我們所提出的看法都跟平拋運動的規(guī)律有關系。那么平拋運動究竟有怎樣的規(guī)律呢?以前學過的直線運動知識還能用于今天的內(nèi)容嗎?由此逐步使學生意識到分析平拋運動須采用運動合成與分解這一方法。三、實驗驗證自主探究(15分鐘) 物理是實驗科學,多媒體教學不能代替實驗。本教學設計的第三個環(huán)節(jié)是實驗驗證,鼓勵學生自主探究。引導學生根據(jù)自己的猜想(實驗目的)設計實驗進行驗證。(1)介紹手持式平拋豎落儀,引導并小結(jié)實驗要領:聽兩小球下落聲音判斷其下落時間。體會合運動和分運動是等時的。
1、舉例:2、結(jié)論:(1)物體的運動軌跡是曲線的運動叫曲線運動。(2)曲線運動中速度方向是時刻改變的。(二)、曲線運動方向:1、質(zhì)點在某一點(或某一時刻)的速度的方向是在曲線的這一點的切線方向。2、曲線運動中速度方向是時刻改變的,因此曲線運動是變速運動。(三)、曲線運動條件:1、演示實驗:2、結(jié)論:當物體所受的合力的方向跟它的速度方向不在同一直線時,物體就做曲線運動。七、課堂小結(jié):1、運動軌跡是曲線的運動叫曲線運動。2、曲線運動中速度的方向是時刻改變的,質(zhì)點在某一點的瞬時速度的方向在曲線的這一點的切線上。3、當合外力F的方向與它的速度方向有一夾角a時,物體做曲線運動。八、鞏固訓練:1、關于曲線運動,下列說法正確的是()。A:曲線運動一定是變速運動;B:曲線運動速度的方向不斷的變化,但速度的大小可以不變;
[小結(jié)]師:下面同學們概括總結(jié)本節(jié)所學的內(nèi)容。請一個同學到黑板上總結(jié),其他同學在筆記本上總結(jié),然后請同學評價黑板上的小結(jié)內(nèi)容。 (學生認真總結(jié)概括本節(jié)內(nèi)容,并把自己這節(jié)課的體會寫下來、比較黑板上的小結(jié)和自己的小結(jié),看誰的更好,好在什么地方。) 生:本節(jié)課我們通過伽利略理想斜面實驗,分析得出了能量以及動能和勢能的概念,從能量的相互轉(zhuǎn)化角度認識到,在動能和勢能的相互轉(zhuǎn)化過程中,能的總量保持不變,即能量是守恒的。通過這節(jié)課的學習,使我們建立起了守恒的思想。 點評:總結(jié)課堂內(nèi)容,培養(yǎng)學生概括總結(jié)能力。 教師要放開,讓學生自己總結(jié)所學內(nèi)容,允許內(nèi)容的順序不同,從而構(gòu)建他們自己的知識框架。[布置作業(yè)]課后討論 P3“問題與練習”中的問題。[課外訓練]以豎直上拋的小球為例說明小球的勢能和動能的轉(zhuǎn)化情況。在這個例子中是否存在著能的總量保持不變?
了解了第一宇宙速度及其意義之后,繼續(xù)提出問題,讓學生思考:如果衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度7.9km/s ,會出現(xiàn)什么情況呢?先讓學生們大膽猜想,然后再向?qū)W生們介紹 衛(wèi)星發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度后的幾種可能情況,引出第二宇宙速度和第三宇宙速度,讓學生對第二、第三宇宙速度及其意義做定性了解。并通過演示Flash課件,幫助學生理解、加深學生印象。在學生對人造衛(wèi)星的原理及發(fā)射衛(wèi)星的速度條件有了初步了解后,接下來引導學生對衛(wèi)星的運動規(guī)律作進一步的探索。實際上衛(wèi)星并不是沿地表水平發(fā)射的,而是用火箭多次加速送到一定的高度的軌道后,再沿以地心為圓心的圓周的切線運行的。讓學生繼續(xù)深入思考:衛(wèi)星在不同高度繞地球運行時的速度怎么求呢?將衛(wèi)星送入低軌道和高軌道所需的速度都一樣么?如果把不同軌道上的衛(wèi)星繞地球的運動都看成是勻速圓周運動,引導學生利用已學的萬有引力和圓周運動的相關知識,探究衛(wèi)星繞地球的運行規(guī)律。
研究一種物理現(xiàn)象,總是要先從現(xiàn)象的描述入手。機械運動作為自然界最簡單和最基本的運動形態(tài),它所描述的是物體空間位置隨時間變化的情況。因此,本節(jié)學習描述質(zhì)點做機械運動需要時刻、時間間隔和位移等概念。相當一部分高一學生在具體過程中難以區(qū)別時刻和時間間隔。另外,由于思維的定式,在第一次接觸既要考慮大小又要考慮方向的問題時,會因不適應造成學習困難。所以,區(qū)別“路程與位移”“時刻和時間間隔”是教學的重難點所在。學習這些內(nèi)容的過程與方法對學習速度和加速度可以起到奠定基礎的作用。教學的對象是高一的學生,這一時期的學生處在好奇善問、創(chuàng)新意識強烈的青少年期。對于生活中出現(xiàn)的各種現(xiàn)象具有濃厚的興趣。但他們的思維還停留在簡單的代數(shù)運算階段,對于矢量和矢量運算的理性認識幾乎沒有。且對生活中出現(xiàn)的時間、時刻、時間間隔等不能做出很好的區(qū)分,對時常提及的路程、距離等形成了模糊的前概念。
問:為什么會出現(xiàn)這樣的情況,男女生之間的拉力存在著怎樣的大小關系?進一步求證這兩個力的大小關系經(jīng)過共同討論,得方案:把兩個彈簧秤勾在一起,重現(xiàn)拔河比賽,分三種情況進行。(通過攝像頭把彈簧秤的讀數(shù)放大)兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,處于靜止不動時(即拔河比賽,雙方處于僵持狀態(tài))兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,并向一方運動(即比賽繩子被拉向一方時的狀態(tài))3、兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,一方方向慢慢改變(兩力方向始終在一條直線上)實驗結(jié)論:兩彈簧稱的讀數(shù)的變化總是相同的,大小相等,方向相反。得到牛頓第三定律:追問:既然兩個力大小相等,那么拔河比賽為什么還存在勝負之分?講清作用力與反作用力作用的受力物體不同,并和學生討論如何做才會獲勝?;貞n前問題:“以卵擊石”為什么雞蛋碎?
進一步引導學生思考利用數(shù)學知識可寫成等式F=kma學生很自然就會思考比列系數(shù)K應該是多少?通過教師引導學生舉例各國長度單位不同(如英國:英里、碼、英尺、英寸;中國:市里、市丈、市尺、市寸、市分 )導致交流不便。為了適應各國交流需要國際計量局規(guī)定了一套統(tǒng)一的單位,稱為國際單位制 。取不同的單位制K是不同的,為了簡潔方便,在選取了質(zhì)量和加速度的國際單位(Kg, m/s2)時規(guī)定K=1。那么就有;F=ma為了紀念牛頓,就把能使1kg物體獲得1m/s2加速度的力稱做一牛頓,用符號N表示問題:實際物體受力往往不止一個,多個力情況應該怎么辦呢?平行四邊形法則進一步引導學生得出牛頓第二定律更一般的表達式: F合=ma思考.討論我們用力提一個很重的箱子,卻提不動它。這個力產(chǎn)生了加速度嗎?要是產(chǎn)生了,箱子的運動狀態(tài)卻并沒有改變。為什么?
一、說教材《質(zhì)點 參考系和坐標系》是人教版普通高中物理必修一第一章第一課的內(nèi)容。本節(jié)課主要介紹了質(zhì)點、參考系、坐標系的基本概念。通過本節(jié)課的學習為進一步學習后續(xù)課程起到了鋪墊的作用。根據(jù)上述教材的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容分析,又考慮到高一年級學生的認知結(jié)構(gòu)及其心理特征,我制定了以下三維教學目標:1、知識與技能:知道質(zhì)點的概念及條件;知道參考系的概念及作用;掌握坐標系的簡單應用。2、過程與方法:促進學生自主學習,讓學生積極參與、樂于探究、勇于實驗、勤于思考,培養(yǎng)學生的科學探究能力。3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:通過質(zhì)點 參考系和坐標系的學習,使學生了解生活與物理的關系,讓學生學會用科學的思維去看待事物。根據(jù)普通高中物理課程標準,并在吃透教材的基礎上,我確定了以下教學重點和難點:教學重點:質(zhì)點概念的建立。只有掌握了這一點才能更加準確的理解和掌握后續(xù)教材的相關內(nèi)容。
一、 教材分析與學情分析教材分析人民教育出版社普通高中課程標準實驗教科書必修2第七章第九節(jié)。本節(jié)內(nèi)容安排在學習機械能守恒定律之后的目的,是為了使學生在理論上對機械能守恒定律有所了解的基礎上,通過實驗測量及對實驗數(shù)據(jù)的分析處理,對機械能守恒定律及條件有深刻的認識。學情分析知識層面:學生已經(jīng)掌握了動能、重力勢能等概念以及動能定理、機械能守恒定律等定理、定律;知道功是能量轉(zhuǎn)換的量度以及機械能守恒的條件。能力層面:學生已具備一定的實驗操作技能,會用打點計時器以及直尺等實驗儀器。具備一定的數(shù)據(jù)處理能力。二、教學目標與重點、難點教學目標知識與技能:1、會用打點計時器打下的紙帶計算物體運動的速度。2、掌握驗證機械能守恒定律的實驗原理。