教學(xué)反思:1、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體驗(yàn)抽象除法豎式的過(guò)程。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)表內(nèi)乘除法時(shí),利用乘法口訣已經(jīng)能夠在算式上直接寫(xiě)出得數(shù)。教材安排了“18個(gè)蘋(píng)果,每盤(pán)放6個(gè),可以放幾盤(pán)”的“分蘋(píng)果”活動(dòng),列舉了四種解決這一問(wèn)題的方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生按照自己的想法來(lái)分這些蘋(píng)果,進(jìn)而再由對(duì)除法豎式有一定了解的學(xué)生介紹豎式計(jì)算,并且把豎式中的每一步所表示的含義和分蘋(píng)果的活動(dòng)緊密聯(lián)系起來(lái)。2、在探究中理解除法的試商方法。學(xué)生通過(guò)實(shí)際操作、觀察比較,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生質(zhì)疑和創(chuàng)新精神,學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)、積累數(shù)學(xué)活動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的有意義的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程。3、不足:這節(jié)課上得不夠生動(dòng)、活潑。
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車(chē)站 transportation n. 運(yùn)送;運(yùn)輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)做某事的步驟的一種說(shuō)法。如果步驟較多,還可以說(shuō):first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會(huì)聽(tīng)到說(shuō)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人在說(shuō) first, next, then, finally 和后面的內(nèi)容時(shí),他們會(huì)做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽(tīng)者接下來(lái)講的是一系列的步驟。這一點(diǎn)在朗讀和聽(tīng)力中應(yīng)特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問(wèn)詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請(qǐng)看:how many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但在用法上,同學(xué)們常犯如下錯(cuò)誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語(yǔ),故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡(jiǎn)記為:前how many:?jiǎn)枴岸嗌佟保瑥?fù)數(shù)名詞后面跑;how much問(wèn)“多少”,不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)好。前者答語(yǔ)用基數(shù)詞,后者答語(yǔ)用數(shù)量關(guān)系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.學(xué)習(xí)詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動(dòng)表 獎(jiǎng)品四、 教學(xué)過(guò)程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動(dòng)畫(huà)片段《灰姑娘》導(dǎo)如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務(wù)。片段的主題使學(xué)生聯(lián)想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標(biāo)語(yǔ)Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)計(jì)劃或行動(dòng). 4. 特殊疑問(wèn)句(where , when , how long引導(dǎo)) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習(xí)對(duì)話.
教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識(shí)目標(biāo):(1)學(xué)習(xí)What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)描述有關(guān)職業(yè)的表達(dá)法。2.能力目標(biāo):(1)能夠談?wù)摓閷?shí)現(xiàn)理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談?wù)撐磥?lái)自己與他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語(yǔ)描述課余時(shí)間的活動(dòng)安排,最終具備表達(dá)綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標(biāo):新學(xué)期到來(lái)之際,讓他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)、體育、飲食、特長(zhǎng)、讀書(shū)等方面制定計(jì)劃,教育學(xué)生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)本單元的重點(diǎn)為“be going to”表將來(lái),want to be, what,where, when,how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。難點(diǎn)是語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設(shè)計(jì)了三部分的內(nèi)容:一、Section A該部分有4個(gè)模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開(kāi)思維(1a)、聽(tīng)力(1b)、口語(yǔ)(1c)訓(xùn)練;
1 交通工具的比較此活動(dòng)為小組活動(dòng)。學(xué)生通過(guò)討論找出到達(dá)某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學(xué)生以小組為單位展開(kāi)活動(dòng),談?wù)摫窘M所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報(bào),闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務(wù)所需要的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu):We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個(gè)城市更合適?此活動(dòng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設(shè)中國(guó)要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對(duì)各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進(jìn)行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時(shí)也可以讓他們復(fù)習(xí)一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴(kuò)充知識(shí).學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程也是一個(gè)不斷積累的過(guò)程,復(fù)習(xí)舊知識(shí),增添新知識(shí).通過(guò)小游戲,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生對(duì)Does she/he have…這個(gè)句子的運(yùn)用能力.通過(guò)復(fù)習(xí),自然的引到下面新知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)。充分利用表格,由句子到對(duì)話,再到文章,讓學(xué)生循序漸進(jìn). 提高學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,運(yùn)用以前學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)來(lái)解決身邊的問(wèn)題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學(xué)內(nèi)容與分析:
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn):運(yùn)用所掌握的語(yǔ)言描述,比較不同地點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn)。在練習(xí)中學(xué)習(xí)掌握英語(yǔ)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法。課前準(zhǔn)備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過(guò)上網(wǎng)或翻閱報(bào)刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計(jì)劃。教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì):本節(jié)課流程圖 學(xué)法指導(dǎo):1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體性,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極參與,激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲和學(xué)習(xí)積極性,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極思維,主動(dòng)獲取知識(shí),養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。逐步學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立解決問(wèn)題??傊M可能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的非智力因素促進(jìn)智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學(xué)法2.課堂討論法3.任務(wù)型教學(xué)法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,使學(xué)生變被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)為主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)。通過(guò)電腦形象的演示,加強(qiáng)印象,提高興趣,突破難點(diǎn),提高教學(xué)效率,進(jìn)而增大教學(xué)的容量和信息量。充分體現(xiàn)教師為主導(dǎo),學(xué)生為主體的教學(xué)原則。
五、加工信息,學(xué)會(huì)表述師:請(qǐng)同學(xué)們閱讀課本P122第三題,用自己的話告訴同學(xué),什么是經(jīng)典。課件出示:1.經(jīng)典作品是那些你經(jīng)常聽(tīng)人家說(shuō)“我正在重讀……”而不是“我正讀……”的書(shū)。2.經(jīng)典作品是這樣一些書(shū),它們對(duì)讀過(guò)并喜愛(ài)它們的人構(gòu)成一種寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn);但是對(duì)那些保留這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),等到享受它們的最佳狀態(tài)來(lái)臨時(shí)才閱讀它們的人,它們也仍然是一種豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。3.一部經(jīng)典作品是一本每次重讀都好像初讀那樣帶來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)的書(shū)。4.一部經(jīng)典作品是一本即使我們初讀也好像是在重溫我們以前讀過(guò)的東西的書(shū)。5.一部經(jīng)典作品是一本從不會(huì)耗盡它要向讀者說(shuō)的一切東西的書(shū)。6.經(jīng)典作品是這樣一些書(shū),我們?cè)绞堑缆?tīng)途說(shuō),以為我們懂了,當(dāng)我們實(shí)際讀它們,我們就越是覺(jué)得它們獨(dú)特、意想不到和新穎。
教學(xué)要求1. 通過(guò)生活中的事例,學(xué)會(huì)解決“找次品”這類問(wèn)題的思想方法。2. 體會(huì)解決問(wèn)題策略的多樣性及運(yùn)用優(yōu)化的方法解決問(wèn)題的有效性。3. 感受到數(shù)學(xué)在日常生活中的廣泛應(yīng)用,培養(yǎng)應(yīng)用意識(shí)和解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。學(xué)情分析有化是一種重要的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法,可有效地分析和解決問(wèn)題。本單元主要以“找次品”這一操作活動(dòng)為載體,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)觀察、猜測(cè)、推理的方法感受解決問(wèn)題策略的多樣性,在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)歸納、推理的方法體會(huì)運(yùn)用優(yōu)化策略解決問(wèn)題的有效性,感受數(shù)學(xué)的魅力。這些內(nèi)容對(duì)五年級(jí)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)有一定的難度,所以應(yīng)讓學(xué)生在具體操作和試驗(yàn)中感悟、體會(huì),由此使學(xué)生養(yǎng)成勤于思考、勇于探索的精神。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)學(xué)會(huì)解決“找次品”這類問(wèn)題的方法。
(2)請(qǐng)你思考:師:這樣就需要設(shè)計(jì)一張其他面值的郵票,如果最高的資費(fèi)是6元,那么用3張郵票來(lái)支付時(shí),面值對(duì)大的郵票是幾元?可增加什么面值的郵票?(學(xué)生分組討論設(shè)計(jì)思考)生:6元除以3元就是2元,可增加的郵票面值可為2.0元,2.4元或4.0元。(3)小結(jié):雖然滿足條件的郵票組合很多,但郵政部門(mén)在發(fā)行郵票時(shí),還要從經(jīng)濟(jì)、合理等角度考慮。【設(shè)計(jì)意圖:大膽放手,讓學(xué)生參與數(shù)學(xué)活動(dòng)。讓學(xué)生成為課堂的主體,讓他們?cè)趧?dòng)手、動(dòng)腦、動(dòng)口的過(guò)程中學(xué)到知識(shí)和思維的方法,知識(shí)的獲得和學(xué)習(xí)方法的形成都是在學(xué)生“做”的過(guò)程中形成的。】四、鞏固深化:1、如果小明的爸爸要給小明回一封不足20g的信,他該貼多少錢(qián)的郵票?2、如果小明的好朋友要寄一封39g的信,他該貼多少錢(qián)的郵票?五、課后實(shí)踐:課后給你的親戚或者好朋友寄封信。
1、拿出一本數(shù)學(xué)教課書(shū),和一只筆,提問(wèn):哪個(gè)重有些?2、肯定學(xué)生的回答,并讓學(xué)生“掂一掂”,然后讓學(xué)生說(shuō)說(shuō)有什么樣的感覺(jué)。3、從剛才的實(shí)踐得出結(jié)論:物體有輕有重。板書(shū)課題。二、觀察、操作領(lǐng)悟新知1、出示主題掛圖,物體的輕重的計(jì)量。觀察主題掛圖。(1、)請(qǐng)同學(xué)們觀察一下,這幅圖畫(huà)的是什么?(2、)這幅圖中的小朋友和阿姨在說(shuō)什么?(3、)前幾天,老師讓大家廣泛收集、調(diào)查我們?nèi)粘I钪谐R?jiàn)物品的質(zhì)量,我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)交流以下好嗎?表示物品有多重,可以用克和千克單位來(lái)表示。(4、)在學(xué)生說(shuō)的同時(shí),老師拿出有準(zhǔn)備的東西展示。
1.自學(xué)文本出示書(shū)中情境圖:有21架飛機(jī)要參加飛行表演,怎樣飛呢?想請(qǐng)同學(xué)們幫忙設(shè)計(jì)編組方案,下面小組同學(xué)合作,用學(xué)具擺一擺,設(shè)計(jì)出自己的編組方案,看哪個(gè)小組設(shè)計(jì)的方案最多?學(xué)生小組合作,邊擺學(xué)具邊說(shuō)方案。2.交流研討哪組想到前面來(lái)匯報(bào)一下你們制定的飛行方案?(不必強(qiáng)調(diào)平均分,如有小組同學(xué)說(shuō)出每組有7(3)架,可以分成3(7)組,或每7(3)架一組,可以分成3(7)組,老師在給予肯定的同時(shí)可以問(wèn)其它小組擺法一樣嗎?之后板書(shū)算式:21÷7=3,21÷3=7。如果學(xué)生沒(méi)說(shuō)出平均分,老師可引導(dǎo)說(shuō):有時(shí)表演的每組也可同樣多)
教學(xué)時(shí)間:教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備:小黑板,掛圖。教學(xué)過(guò)程:一、復(fù)習(xí)舊知,引入新課。1、請(qǐng)大家想一想到今天為止,我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了本學(xué)期學(xué)過(guò)的哪些知識(shí)?(表內(nèi)除法。萬(wàn)以內(nèi)數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)和加法、減法??撕颓Э思皥D形的變換。)2、對(duì)這些知識(shí)還有沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題?還有沒(méi)有內(nèi)容是我們沒(méi)有復(fù)習(xí)到或復(fù)習(xí)了掌握不好的?如果學(xué)生有問(wèn)題,則針對(duì)問(wèn)題,讓同學(xué)們一起來(lái)想辦法解決這些問(wèn)題。學(xué)生提出問(wèn)題,思考解決方法。二、復(fù)習(xí)整理:1、分別出示教材第122頁(yè)第13、14題的掛圖。(如果沒(méi)有,就讓學(xué)生直接看書(shū))(1)看了圖后,你明白圖中的畫(huà)是什么意思嗎?學(xué)生看掛圖,小組討論這兩題的意思。敘述兩幅圖的意思,沒(méi)有說(shuō)好的請(qǐng)其他同學(xué)來(lái)補(bǔ)充完整。在小組內(nèi)討論交流。(2)怎樣來(lái)解決這兩個(gè)生活中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題?
此圖是一個(gè)復(fù)式折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖,考察內(nèi)容是根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖,進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的有效分析。(1)因?yàn)榻y(tǒng)計(jì)圖中藍(lán)色的折線表示學(xué)齡兒童,根據(jù)對(duì)學(xué)齡兒童的折線數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn):1980年的學(xué)齡兒童最多,2000年的學(xué)齡兒童最少。(2)根據(jù)題目要求的分析:沒(méi)上學(xué)的學(xué)齡兒童實(shí)際上是指:學(xué)齡兒童的人數(shù)與實(shí)際入學(xué)兒童人數(shù)的差。通過(guò)仔細(xì)觀察統(tǒng)計(jì)圖,可以直觀地發(fā)現(xiàn):1980年的學(xué)齡兒童和入學(xué)人數(shù)之間的差值最大,2000年的學(xué)齡兒童和入學(xué)人數(shù)之間的差值最小。所以,1980年沒(méi)上學(xué)的學(xué)齡兒童最多,2000年的最少。(3)這一問(wèn)比較開(kāi)放,只要合理即可。三、練習(xí)二十七第9——14題解答指導(dǎo):9. 81cm3=81ml 700dm3=0.7m3 560ml=0.56L 2.3dm3=2300cm310. 根據(jù)圖示可知:把鐵皮做成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)方體,長(zhǎng)方體的長(zhǎng)為30—5×2=20(cm),寬為25—5×2=15(cm),高也就是切去的正方形的邊長(zhǎng)5cm。(1)求“這個(gè)盒子用了多少鐵皮?”也就是求這個(gè)鐵皮盒子(無(wú)蓋)的表面積。
陶弘景隱居茅山時(shí)期,仍然關(guān)心社會(huì)的發(fā)展,希望社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,天下百姓都能安居樂(lè)業(yè)。梁武帝很感激陶弘景給予的有力支持,親提御毫,寫(xiě)了一封情真意切的御詔,文曰:“山中何所有?卿何戀而不返?”盼望陶弘景出山輔政,重列朝班。然而陶弘景下定了不出山的決心,他先寫(xiě)了一首詩(shī),后畫(huà)了一幅畫(huà)作為回答。詩(shī)為《詔問(wèn)山中何所有賦詩(shī)以答》:“山中何所有,嶺上多白云。只可自怡悅,不堪持贈(zèng)君?!碑?huà)的內(nèi)容是:兩頭牛,一頭散放水草之間,自由自在;一頭套著金籠頭,被人用牛繩牽著,用牛鞭驅(qū)趕。梁武帝看了詩(shī)和畫(huà),領(lǐng)會(huì)了他的用意,就不再?gòu)?qiáng)迫他出來(lái)做官了。但是“國(guó)家每有吉兇征討大事,無(wú)不前以咨詢”,故當(dāng)時(shí)人稱陶弘景為“山中宰相”。林語(yǔ)堂《蘇東坡傳》中這樣評(píng)價(jià)蘇軾
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】幫助學(xué)生理解象征手法,明確本體與象征體的聯(lián)系,體會(huì)作者的情感。通過(guò)朗讀加深學(xué)生對(duì)重點(diǎn)句子的理解,讓這種精神內(nèi)化為個(gè)人力量。三、練習(xí)象征手法的運(yùn)用請(qǐng)同學(xué)們說(shuō)一說(shuō)這些形象可以象征什么?課件出示:落葉、荷花、蠟燭、梅花、翠竹、鷹、太陽(yáng)、孔雀、牛生答:蠟燭燃燒自己照亮別人,可以象征舍己為人的品質(zhì),可以象征教師?!瓗煟捍蠹业乃悸分饾u被打開(kāi)了,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們拿出紙和筆開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作。注意:本文前半部分是對(duì)白楊樹(shù)的自身形象進(jìn)行描繪,再通過(guò)聯(lián)想和想象賦予它一定的象征意義,所以同學(xué)們不要一開(kāi)始就寫(xiě)什么物象征什么。結(jié)束語(yǔ):同學(xué)們,一篇優(yōu)秀的散文,就如一幅無(wú)形的畫(huà),又恰似一首讀不盡的詩(shī),茅盾先生的散文達(dá)到了如詩(shī)如畫(huà)的藝術(shù)境界,白楊樹(shù)在特定的歷史時(shí)期被賦予了特定的內(nèi)涵。讓我們?cè)俅我悦┒芟壬鷮?xiě)的小詩(shī)《題白楊圖》作結(jié),向白楊樹(shù)的精神致敬,向中華兒女身上的正直、質(zhì)樸、緊密團(tuán)結(jié)、力求上進(jìn)、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈的精神和意志致敬?。◣熒x教材P81《題白楊圖》一詩(shī))