The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分,只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
當(dāng)孩子們由父母陪同時,他們才被允許進(jìn)入這個運動場。3.過去分詞(短語)作狀語時的幾種特殊情況(1)過去分詞(短語)在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時,相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的時間、條件、原因及讓步狀語從句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看,整個城市看起來更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多給十分鐘,我們會完美地完成這項工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的話深深地感動,她滿眼淚花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.盡管被警告了風(fēng)暴的到來,但農(nóng)民們?nèi)栽谵r(nóng)場干活。(2)過去分詞(短語)在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語時,可改為句子的并列謂語或改為并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟著兩個學(xué)生,老師走進(jìn)了房間。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母親陪著度過了一整個下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
You have no excuse for not going.你沒有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2.動詞ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動詞ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”構(gòu)成。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實際上是給動詞ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式:①形容詞性物主代詞+動詞ing②名詞所有格+動詞ing③代詞賓格+動詞ing④名詞+動詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎?無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我沒能按時來。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了,他很擔(dān)心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來給我們舉辦一場演唱會。
冪函數(shù)是在繼一次函數(shù)、反比例函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)之后,又學(xué)習(xí)了單調(diào)性、最值、奇偶性的基礎(chǔ)上,借助實例,總結(jié)出冪函數(shù)的概念,再借助圖像研究冪函數(shù)的性質(zhì).課程目標(biāo)1、理解冪函數(shù)的概念,會畫冪函數(shù)y=x,y=x2,y=x3,y=x-1,y=x 的圖象;2、結(jié)合這幾個冪函數(shù)的圖象,理解冪函數(shù)圖象的變化情況和性質(zhì);3、通過觀察、總結(jié)冪函數(shù)的性質(zhì),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生概括抽象和識圖能力.?dāng)?shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:用數(shù)學(xué)語言表示函數(shù)冪函數(shù);2.邏輯推理:常見冪函數(shù)的性質(zhì);3.數(shù)學(xué)運算:利用冪函數(shù)的概念求參數(shù);4.數(shù)據(jù)分析:比較冪函數(shù)大小;5.數(shù)學(xué)建模:在具體問題情境中,運用數(shù)形結(jié)合思想,利用冪函數(shù)性質(zhì)、圖像特點解決實際問題。重點:常見冪函數(shù)的概念、圖象和性質(zhì);難點:冪函數(shù)的單調(diào)性及比較兩個冪值的大?。?/p>
5、 你能結(jié)合剛才的活動說一說你的感受嗎?6、 看來物體所占空間還有大小之分,那你能判斷出手機、收音機哪個物體所占的空間大?哪個物體所占的空間小嗎?7、 象石塊、手機、書包等這些都是它們的體積,誰能根據(jù)你的理解說一說什么是物體的體積?[小學(xué)生的思維以形象思維為主,隨著年齡的增長逐步向抽象思維過渡。根據(jù)這一特點,我在學(xué)生感知“空間”的基礎(chǔ)上,通過三次摸一摸的活動,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行操作、觀察,思考,使操作、觀察與思維、語言表達(dá)緊密結(jié)合起來,然后再逐步擺脫直觀形象,利用表象逐步抽象形成概念,由感性認(rèn)識上升到理性認(rèn)識。](三) 嘗試、解決問題在新一輪課改中,《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》所提倡的數(shù)學(xué)課堂教學(xué)應(yīng)“由單純的傳授知識的殿堂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷W(xué)生主動從事數(shù)學(xué)活動的場所;學(xué)生從單純的知識接受者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閿?shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的主人?!?/p>
活動三:認(rèn)識正方體的特征,總結(jié)長方體、正方體的關(guān)系(1)學(xué)生用類比法學(xué)習(xí)正方體的特征,并揭示出長方體和正方體的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,得出:正方體是特殊的長方體。(2)說說生活中哪些物體是長方體、正方體? 開放的學(xué)習(xí)方式,以學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)為中心,讓學(xué)生通過自身的發(fā)展嘗試總結(jié),驗證,實現(xiàn)知識的“再創(chuàng)造”。比較是認(rèn)識事物的主要方法之一,特別在幾何體教學(xué)中,運用比較方法,加強形體間的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別,提高識別能力。同時滲透事物普遍聯(lián)系和發(fā)展變化的辯證唯物主義觀。聯(lián)系生活,體現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)來源于生活,又應(yīng)用于生活的特點?;顒铀模簩W(xué)以致用智慧屋,包含判斷題、計算題等多種題型的練習(xí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生展開多向思維,是學(xué)生能夠從不同角度解決問題的基礎(chǔ)。這樣的練習(xí)題,側(cè)重于知識點的落實,鞏固新知。
古鎮(zhèn)總有那么一股特殊魅力,時光在這里就這么一步一隱退,千年時光,依舊歲月靜好。恩陽古鎮(zhèn),坐落于川東北地區(qū)的革命老區(qū)巴中市恩陽區(qū),東臨巴中市區(qū)。有28條古街,數(shù)百座明清古建筑。走在李先念、徐向前等老一輩無產(chǎn)階段革命家們同樣踏過足跡的古鎮(zhèn)道路上,看著那一句句振奮人心的石刻標(biāo)語和一處處紅四方面軍各個職能部門的遺址。我仿佛穿越回到了那個激情與信仰純粹的年代,物質(zhì)條件雖然很艱苦,但是因為共同的信仰,為了共同的目標(biāo),大家眾志成城,艱苦奮斗。這也許就是紅色教育的關(guān)鍵意義所在,那種歷史的精神在古跡中能跨越時空的限制傳遞到現(xiàn)在的人身上??粗y行、法庭、學(xué)校、等各個地方,我知道無論戰(zhàn)爭與和平年代,制度的健全是至關(guān)重要的,依法治國是國家強大富強的保證。
3、在學(xué)生已有了乘法口訣的數(shù)學(xué)模式后,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運用已有經(jīng)驗,親自參與其它乘法口訣的學(xué)習(xí),充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體作用,發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維。4、多采用提問讓學(xué)生思考的方法,讓學(xué)生在操作過程中想老師提出的問題,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的抽象概括能力。如:在擺了兩根小棒后問學(xué)生:現(xiàn)在擺了幾根小棒?可以用幾表示?擺了幾個2根?用乘法算式應(yīng)怎樣表示等。5、運用磁性黑板擺實物,讓學(xué)生能夠通過觀察實物直觀感知,如:問2個2是多少?學(xué)生實在不能想的可以通過看圖數(shù)數(shù)來完成,這樣便可以照顧學(xué)習(xí)有困難的學(xué)生。學(xué)生已經(jīng)對乘法的含義有了初步的理解,掌握口訣就比較容易;但是,要熟記乘法口訣并準(zhǔn)確的運用還需花較大的精力和時間,因此,要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會由加法到乘法,再到口訣的歸納法,由易到難,循序漸進(jìn)的方法。如:2個2,可以用加法22=4,再到寫乘法算式2×2=4,再歸納出口訣“二二得四”;先引導(dǎo)學(xué)生說出1個2是多少?編出口訣,再引導(dǎo)說出2個2是多少,編出口訣等等。
第三個規(guī)律,商不變的規(guī)律。這是本課的重點內(nèi)容。有了兩次的探究經(jīng)驗,這一規(guī)律的學(xué)習(xí)與理解,可以完全放手讓學(xué)生自主進(jìn)行。猜想如果商不變,被除數(shù)、除數(shù)會發(fā)生什么變化呢?學(xué)生根據(jù)已有的經(jīng)驗,可能會有不同猜想,我要求學(xué)生帶著問題通過計算、觀察、比較、主動探討總結(jié)出:被除數(shù)和除數(shù)同時擴大(或縮?。┫嗤谋稊?shù)(0除外)商不變。利用合作學(xué)習(xí),通過動腦動口動手,既提高學(xué)生解決問題的學(xué)習(xí)能力,又培養(yǎng)了合作學(xué)習(xí)的意識和習(xí)慣。給學(xué)生提供展示研究成果的機會,體驗成功。需要教師提醒的是“有沒有被除數(shù)和除數(shù)同時乘或除以不相同的數(shù),商也不變的?”學(xué)生舉反例加以說明并指出“相同的倍數(shù)不包括0”。設(shè)計這個環(huán)節(jié),也有意讓學(xué)生去驗證商不變性質(zhì)。學(xué)生在表述時,對于邏輯的嚴(yán)密性和語言的完整性需要老師及時指導(dǎo),在突出重點的同時培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)能力。整個環(huán)節(jié)在驗證的基礎(chǔ)上,步步深化商的變化規(guī)律,為學(xué)生應(yīng)用新知做好鋪墊。
三、總結(jié)規(guī)律、形成概念通過學(xué)生積極討論,充分調(diào)動了學(xué)生的積極參與學(xué)習(xí),既發(fā)揮了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主動性,又培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的發(fā)散性思維,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié)出:有的分?jǐn)?shù)可以化成有限小數(shù),有的分?jǐn)?shù)不可以化成有限小數(shù),請同學(xué)們再看一看什么樣的分?jǐn)?shù)可以化成有限小數(shù)?什么樣的分?jǐn)?shù)不可以化成有限小數(shù)?啟發(fā)學(xué)生從分母的最小公倍數(shù)著手。 最后總結(jié)出:一個最簡分?jǐn)?shù),如果分母中只含有素因數(shù)2和5,再無其它素因數(shù),那么這個分?jǐn)?shù)就可以化成有限小數(shù),否則就不能化成有限小數(shù)。 例題2,請把下列小數(shù)化成分?jǐn)?shù),說說你是怎樣把小數(shù)化成分?jǐn)?shù)的? 0.06,0.4,1.8,2.45,1.465, 歸納:(學(xué)生為主,教師點撥)1、原來有幾位小數(shù),就在1后面寫幾個零作分母。原來的小數(shù)去掉小數(shù)點作分子。2、小數(shù)化成分?jǐn)?shù)后,能約分的要約分。常用的因數(shù)是2和5。 對于小數(shù)如何化成分?jǐn)?shù)的題目,課前了解到學(xué)生在小學(xué)時已學(xué)過把小數(shù)如何化成分?jǐn)?shù)的方法,因而以學(xué)生練習(xí)為主,加以操練并鞏固,有錯誤的及時糾正。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):(1)知識目標(biāo):1.能夠聽、說、認(rèn)讀句子:Let's read, Let's make ,listen,write,match and say 中的句子。2.能夠聽懂 Listen and write 部分的錄音并正確填寫句子。(2)能力目標(biāo):通過教學(xué),使學(xué)生能夠了解英語請柬的內(nèi)容并會模仿書寫英語請柬。(3)情感目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)師生之間和同學(xué)之間的友誼與情感,積極鼓勵學(xué)生展現(xiàn)才能。三、說教學(xué)重點:1.能夠聽、說、認(rèn)讀句子:"We're going to have a farewell party . How do you feel? I feel …."四、說教學(xué)難點:Is every having a good time?五、說教法:1. 教法設(shè)計本節(jié)課中,在教學(xué)過程中注意發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主動積極性,給學(xué)生一個輕松愉快的語言學(xué)習(xí)氛圍,讓學(xué)習(xí)過程充滿樂趣,同時使他們感受到一定的挑戰(zhàn),滿足他們的成就感,使思維始終處于積極狀態(tài)。2. 學(xué)法指導(dǎo)重視多元智能教學(xué)原理、合作學(xué)習(xí)法和任務(wù)型語言學(xué)習(xí)法等應(yīng)用,充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的感覺器官,想象能力,激發(fā)學(xué)生積極參與課堂教學(xué)活動。
4、認(rèn)識長方體的立體圖。師:(出示課件長方體)你最多能看到這個長方體的幾個面?你看到了哪三個面?哪三個面看不到?(上面、前面、右面)師:我們把所看到的這個長方體根據(jù)透視原理畫下來就是這樣的。(媒體演示) 這就是長方體的立體圖形。師:大家會認(rèn)了嗎?試一試。師小結(jié):以后,我們要判斷一個物體是不是長方體,要根據(jù)長方體的特征去分析。5、畫長方體師:同學(xué)們都學(xué)得非常認(rèn)真知道了長方體的特征,那么大家會畫長方體嗎?畫長方體步驟:1、畫一個平行四邊形。2、畫出長方體的高。3、連線。6、 教學(xué)長方體的長、寬、高。 (1)、師:同學(xué)們剛畫出了長方體,那么長方體的長、寬、高有什么特點?師課件展示后,學(xué)生匯報。(2)、大家想不想親手制作一個長方體的框架呢?把你思考的結(jié)果和大家分享分享。生匯報。
首先,學(xué)生帶著如下三個問題自學(xué)課文,(電腦出示):(1)用什么方法可以得到計算圓錐體積的公式?(2)圓柱和圓錐等底等高是什么意思?(3)得出了什么結(jié)論?圓錐體積的計算公式是什么?其次,學(xué)生操作實驗,先讓學(xué)生比較圓柱和圓錐是等底等高。再讓學(xué)生做在圓錐中裝滿沙土往等底等高的圓柱中倒和在圓柱中裝滿沙土往等底等高的圓錐中倒的實驗,得出倒三次正好倒?jié)M。使學(xué)生理解等底等高的圓柱和圓錐,圓錐的體積是圓柱體積的,圓柱的體積是圓錐的3倍。第三、小組討論,全班交流,歸納,推導(dǎo)出圓錐體積的計算公式:V= Sh。第四、讓學(xué)生做在小圓錐里裝滿沙土往大圓柱中倒的實驗,得出倒三次不能倒?jié)M。再次強調(diào),只有等底等高的圓柱和圓錐才存在著一定的倍數(shù)關(guān)系。第五、師生小結(jié):圓錐的體積等于和它等底等高的圓柱體積的三分之一。
(二)師生互動,驗證猜想活動二:學(xué)生自由探索,圓柱體積計算方法以小組為單位設(shè)計出一種自己學(xué)過的知識計算圓柱體積的方法,通過合作,學(xué)生想到的辦法可能有:①把橡皮泥捏成圓柱體,再捏成長方體,量出長方體的長、寬、高。算出長方體的體積,也就是圓柱的體積。②把圓柱形的杯子裝滿沙子,鋪平,然后把沙子倒入較大的長方體的盒子中,量出長方體盒子的長、寬及沙子的高,算出沙子的體積,也就是圓柱的體積。如果杯子的厚度忽略不計的話。杯子的容積就是杯子的體積。③把一個圓柱體放到裝有(正)長方體容器中,水會上升,上升的水的體積就是圓柱的體積。(這一活動的設(shè)計,是通過觀察力求讓學(xué)生體驗到我們在計算圓柱的體積時都是把圓柱的體積轉(zhuǎn)化為其他形體的體積來進(jìn)行計算的。由此,也就可以驗證學(xué)生的猜想是否準(zhǔn)確,但是為了不影響學(xué)生的求知欲,我設(shè)計了這樣一個問題:你能用這些方法來計算我們的學(xué)校門口這根圓柱形柱子的體積嗎?
二、在教育教學(xué)上,敬業(yè)愛崗,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)治教 把學(xué)生教好,讓學(xué)生成功,是每位教師最大的心愿、最高的榮譽。作為一名校本課程教師,最緊迫的問題是具有新的教學(xué)理念,刻苦鉆研如何把花木文化與校本課程到達(dá)有機的融合,從而顯現(xiàn)出我校的校本特色。在備課中,力圖體現(xiàn)校本課程的綜合性、開放性、實踐性、體驗性,把語文、數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、美術(shù)課、音樂等整合進(jìn)校本課程,圍繞“花木文化提高學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì)”這教學(xué)目標(biāo),有的課堂讓學(xué)生觀察寫話,品析優(yōu)美的文章,有的課堂讓學(xué)生想象繪畫,有的課堂讓學(xué)生歌唱,欣賞名曲。在低年級嘗試讓學(xué)生經(jīng)過觀察、調(diào)查等開展探究性學(xué)習(xí)。此刻對于課程改革環(huán)境下的教師,光有一桶水是不夠的,要根據(jù)學(xué)校與地方的實際,拓展學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)資源。我注重研究現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)在課堂教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用,經(jīng)過把本地的花木文化資源與網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源相結(jié)合,進(jìn)行教學(xué)資源的重組,盡量使課堂教學(xué)效果優(yōu)化。所以孩子們還是比較喜歡上校本課的。
問題1. 用一個大寫的英文字母或一個阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字給教室里的一個座位編號,總共能編出多少種不同的號碼?因為英文字母共有26個,阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字共有10個,所以總共可以編出26+10=36種不同的號碼.問題2.你能說說這個問題的特征嗎?上述計數(shù)過程的基本環(huán)節(jié)是:(1)確定分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),根據(jù)問題條件分為字母號碼和數(shù)字號碼兩類;(2)分別計算各類號碼的個數(shù);(3)各類號碼的個數(shù)相加,得出所有號碼的個數(shù).你能舉出一些生活中類似的例子嗎?一般地,有如下分類加法計數(shù)原理:完成一件事,有兩類辦法. 在第1類辦法中有m種不同的方法,在第2類方法中有n種不同的方法,則完成這件事共有:N= m+n種不同的方法.二、典例解析例1.在填寫高考志愿時,一名高中畢業(yè)生了解到,A,B兩所大學(xué)各有一些自己感興趣的強項專業(yè),如表,
《函數(shù)的單調(diào)性與最大(?。┲怠肥歉咧袛?shù)學(xué)新教材第一冊第三章第2節(jié)的內(nèi)容。在此之前,學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)了函數(shù)的概念、定義域、值域及表示法,這為過渡到本節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)起著鋪墊作用。學(xué)生在初中已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、反比例函數(shù)的圖象,在此基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)生對增減性有一個初步的感性認(rèn)識,所以本節(jié)課是學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)思想的一次重要提高。函數(shù)單調(diào)性是函數(shù)概念的延續(xù)和拓展,又是后續(xù)研究指數(shù)函數(shù)、對數(shù)函數(shù)等內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ),對進(jìn)一步研究閉區(qū)間上的連續(xù)函數(shù)最大值和最小值的求法和實際應(yīng)用,對解決各種數(shù)學(xué)問題有著廣泛作用。課程目標(biāo)1、理解增函數(shù)、減函數(shù) 的概念及函數(shù)單調(diào)性的定義;2、會根據(jù)單調(diào)定義證明函數(shù)單調(diào)性;3、理解函數(shù)的最大(小)值及其幾何意義;4、學(xué)會運用函數(shù)圖象理解和研究函數(shù)的性質(zhì).數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)