淺層地下水是貯存于地表松散堆積物中的潛水。主要受降水、氣溫、蒸發(fā)等氣象因素影響,有明顯的季節(jié)變化與日變化,并與河水有相應補給關系,即河水高于潛水面時,河水補給地下水,反之地下水補給河流;深層地下水是長時間內(nèi)滲入地下深入儲存起來的,它緩慢地流出補給河流,受氣象因素影響很小,通常只有年變化,季節(jié)變化已不明顯。當然,一條河流的河水補給來源往往不是單一的,而是以某一種形式為主的混合補給形式,對流域自然條件復雜的大的河流來說尤其如此。我國長江上游地區(qū)除雨水、地下水外,高原高山上冰川、積雪在夏季融化也補給河流;東北地區(qū)的河流,由春季融化積雪補給,夏季則由雨水和地下水補給;西北內(nèi)陸盆地除雨水外,夏季高山冰川、積雪融化成為河流的主要補給形式。我國季風地區(qū),大部分河流以雨水補給為主,而冬季則由地下水補給。
1.澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地域在生產(chǎn)結(jié)構、經(jīng)營方式、科技應用、農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)化和地域化等方面有哪些特點?2.在澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地 域形成的過程中,有哪些區(qū)位因素在起作用?學生發(fā)言,教師適當引導、評點并作講解。[教師提問]:那么,澳大利亞的墨累—達令盆地的區(qū)位因素有什么不足之處?知識拓展:課件展示澳大利亞大分水嶺的雨影效應的形成原理及東水西調(diào)示意圖。[教師講解]:澳大利亞東南部受大分水嶺的影響,降水集中于大分水嶺的東側(cè),在其西側(cè)形成山地的雨影效應,降水豐富地區(qū)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)地區(qū)分布不一致,灌溉成為澳大利亞農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展的限制性條件。因此,澳大利亞對水利工程建設很 重視,東水西調(diào)促進了墨累—達令盆地農(nóng)牧業(yè)的發(fā)展。[課堂小結(jié)]:這節(jié)課我們學習了農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位選擇的基本原理。 通過學習我們了解到,農(nóng)業(yè)的區(qū)位選擇實質(zhì)上就是對農(nóng)業(yè)土地的合理利用。
知識與技能:掌握亞洲水稻種植業(yè)和商品谷物農(nóng)業(yè)兩種農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)地域類型的特點;以及這種農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型產(chǎn)生的自然、社會、經(jīng)濟原因。學習農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素分析的方法,分析農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型的主導因素;過程與方法:1.結(jié)合文字資料與圖示資料的閱讀,初步掌握提取地理信息的基本方法;2.利用案例完成知識的學習與應用分析。情感態(tài)度價值觀:1、理解世界和我國糧食問題的重要性;2、初步形成農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀念。二、教學重點1.利用農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素分析的方法,學習水稻種植業(yè)和商品谷物農(nóng)業(yè)的特點;2.對比水稻種植業(yè)和商品谷物農(nóng)業(yè)兩種農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)地域類型,理解在農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型形成的過程中,各個農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素對其發(fā)展的影響。三、教學難點1.學習農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素分析的方法,分析形成農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型的主導因素;2.結(jié)合文字資料與圖示資料的閱讀,初步掌握提取地理信息的基本方法。
生1:加強對綠色食品的宣傳和扶持力度。當前的形勢迫切要求我們發(fā)展綠色食品,因為綠色食品是真正實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的,做到了發(fā)展經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境保護相結(jié)合,而且有利于增進人民身體健康。但目前綠色食品在市場上難成氣候,主要是宣傳和扶持不夠。生2:綠色食品對環(huán)境、生長過程、加工過程以及運輸?shù)冗^程都有很嚴格的要求,很多環(huán)境相對優(yōu)良的地區(qū)都是邊遠落后地區(qū),必須給予政策上的扶持和優(yōu)惠,才能降低成本,市場發(fā)展前景才會更加廣闊?;顒优c探究對當?shù)鼐G色食品市場情況作調(diào)查并初步分析?;顒拥膶嵤┻^程:1.確定調(diào)查研究的目標并制定調(diào)查研究的計劃。市場調(diào)查要深入廣大消費者,可以去市場上做調(diào)查,‘對象包括消費者和經(jīng)營者。形式可以是問卷,也可以是現(xiàn)場采訪。弄清楚被調(diào)查者對綠色食品的態(tài)度,是否了解食用綠色食品的意義,是否懂得鑒別綠色食品等。對象力求涉及各個年齡段,多種職業(yè)。2.對問卷調(diào)查進行整理、分析,得出結(jié)論。
過渡:在實際生活中,城市內(nèi)部空間結(jié)構并非完全按照這一經(jīng)濟規(guī)律呈現(xiàn),而是更具復雜性。這說明除了經(jīng)濟因素外,還有很多其他因素在起作用,請大家結(jié)合你的認識、圖2.9和案例1:紐約市的少數(shù)民族區(qū)談談你的看法。(2)其他因素I.收入 —— 形成不同級別住宅區(qū)的常見原因。有能力支付昂貴租金和選擇最佳居住環(huán)境的人,其居住地往往形成高級住宅區(qū)。II.知名度 ——城市內(nèi)某些地區(qū)在歷史、文化或經(jīng)濟方面具有很高的聲譽,這往往會吸引更多新的住宅或商場建在該處,以提高其知名度。III.種族聚居區(qū)的形成 ——在有些城市的某一區(qū)域內(nèi),如果某個種族或宗教團體占優(yōu)勢,就可能形成種族聚居區(qū)。如紐約市的唐人街、哈林區(qū)、小意大利區(qū)等。IV歷史因素——城市的建筑物和街道設計可以維持久遠,早期的土地利用方式對日后的功能分區(qū)有著深遠的影響。3、城市內(nèi)部空間結(jié)構的形成和變化
1.根據(jù)下面的圖文資料,說明前蘇聯(lián)墾荒區(qū)土壤風蝕的潛在自然背景。并說明人們的生產(chǎn)活動怎樣加劇了這個過程。點撥:對圖2.16的分析,要知道”墾荒地區(qū)”處于亞歐大 陸的中部偏北的地方,雖處于西風帶但遠離水汽來源,故降水稀少。從其周邊的內(nèi)陸湖“里?!薄ⅰ跋毯!钡姆植继攸c,可以推斷,這是一個半荒漠向干草原的過渡地帶,是一個生態(tài)環(huán)境比較脆弱的地區(qū),其自然地理狀況必定是寒冷、干旱、大風。2.20世紀60年代中期以來,前蘇聯(lián)在總結(jié)大規(guī)模墾荒經(jīng)驗教訓的基礎上,采取了一系列綜合防護措施。仔細分析這些措施,你認為該地區(qū)防治荒漠化(土壤風蝕)的主要方向是什么?點撥:要善于將所列四項保護措施逐條進行分析,而后進行歸納,不難找出它們之間的共同的東西,那就是“抗旱、防風、保水、保土、保肥”。3.根據(jù)所學知識,你認為前蘇聯(lián)墾荒區(qū)防治荒漠化的對策與措施可以被我國的哪些地區(qū)所借鑒。
一、知識與技能1、知道伽利略的理想實驗及其主要推理過程和推論,知道理想實驗是科學研究的重要方法2、理解牛頓第一定律的內(nèi)容及意義;理解力和運動的關系,知道物體的運動不需要力來維持。3、理解慣性的概念,知道質(zhì)量是慣性大小的量度;會用慣性解釋一些現(xiàn)象。二、過程與方法1、觀察生活中的慣性現(xiàn)象,了解力和運動的關系2、通過實驗加深對牛頓第一定律的理解3、理解理想實驗是科學研究的重要方法三、情感態(tài)度與價值觀1、通過伽利略和亞里士多德對力和運動關系的不同認識,了解人類認識事物本質(zhì)的曲折性2、感悟科學是人類進步的不竭動力[教學重點]1、理解力和運動的關系2、對牛頓第一定律和慣性的正確理解3、理想實驗[教學難點]1、力和運動的關系2、慣性和質(zhì)量的關系[課時安排]1課時[教學過程][引入]
1.這節(jié)課以實驗為依據(jù),采用控制變量的方法進行研究。這一方法今后在電學、熱學的研究中還要用到。我們根據(jù)已掌握的知識設計實驗、探索規(guī)律是物體研究的重要方法。2.定義力的單位“牛頓”使得k=1,得到牛頓第二定律的簡單形式F=ma。使用簡捷的數(shù)學語言表達物理規(guī)律是物理學的特征之一,但應知道它所對應的文字內(nèi)容和意義。3.牛頓第二定律概括了運動和力的關系。物體所受合外力恒定,其加速度恒定;合外力為零,加速度為零。即合外力決定了加速度,而加速度影響著物體的運動情況。因此,牛頓第二定律是把前兩章力和物體的運動構成一個整體,其中的紐帶就是加速度。四、評價方案及說明1、對科學知識與技能的評價要注重科學內(nèi)容的理解與應用,而不是單純記憶。技能的評價目標包括觀察技能、實驗技能等方面。對科學的技能的評價要盡量融合在科學探究過程的情景中。對科學知識的評價主要從兩方面,一是根據(jù)學生診斷性練習;二是通過學生作業(yè)反映學生掌握情況。
四、速度和速率學生閱讀教材第18頁相應部分的知識點,讓學生總結(jié).生:速度既有大小,又有方向,是矢量,速度的大小叫速率,教師引導學生看教材第18頁圖1.3—2.觀察汽車的速度計,討論后說出你從表盤上獲取的有用信息。生:汽車的速率.指針指在相應數(shù)字的瞬間,就表示汽車在那一瞬時的速率是那個值.生:還可以從表盤上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時指速度,也有時指速率,要看實際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學用不同的時間圍繞操場跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點,他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運動的快慢?學生討論,體驗平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運動會上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?
【點津】 1.不定式的復合結(jié)構作目的狀語 ,當不定式或不定式短語有自己的執(zhí)行者時,要用不定式的復合結(jié)構?即在不定式或不定式短語之前加 for +名詞或賓格代詞?作狀語。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他開門讓孩子們進來。目的狀語從句與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換 英語中的目的狀語從句,還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z作狀語,從而使句子在結(jié)構上得以簡化??煞譃閮煞N情況: 1?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時,可以直接簡化為不定式或不定式短語作狀語。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時,要用動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構作狀語。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
(4)Finally, I will ask the SS what this sentence mean:It is always calm before a storm.Purpose: attract the SS attention and bring them into discussionStep 2: Pre-reading 讀前Here, I will do the second question in pre-reading first. I will use the method of brainstorming to ask the SS what will happen before an earthquake; and list the phenomenon on the table. 2. Then I will show the SS the picture of abnormal phenomenon, at the same time, encourage the SS to describe.3、finally, I will summarize these phenomenon4、Do the first question in the pre-reading , Imaging your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. You have time to take only one thing. What will you take? Why?Purpose: help the SS to get further understanding of the topic and stimulate their interests.Step3: While-reading 閱讀(1). Skimming Read the text quickly and catch the meaning of the first and second sentence of each paragraph. Predict the meaning of new words(2).scanning(找讀)A. Read the text again. Do the following question.1. When and where were the strange things happening?2. What are they?3. Why did the text say the world seemed to be at an end?4. How was the city destroyed after the quake?5. When did the second quake hit the city? What was the result of that?6. Who came to help Tangshan first? And how?B. Work in pairs to discuss the question.
(二)?過程與方法? 4.?觀察生活中的慣性現(xiàn)象,了解力和運動的關系? 5.?通過實驗加深對牛頓第一定律的理解? 6.?理解理想實驗是科學研究的重要方法? (三)?情感態(tài)度與價值觀? 7.?通過伽利略和亞里士多德對力和運動關系的不同認識,了解人類認識事物本質(zhì)的曲折性? 8.?感悟科學是人類進步的不竭動力
一、教材分析人教版高中思想政治必修4生活與哲學第一單元第三課第二框題《哲學史上的偉大變革》。本框主要內(nèi)容有馬克思主義哲學的產(chǎn)生和它的基本特征、馬克思主義的中國化的三大理論成果。學習本框內(nèi)容對學生來講,將有助于他們正確認識馬克思主義,運用馬克思主義中國化的理論成果,分析解決遇到的社會問題。具有很強的現(xiàn)實指導意義。二、學情分析高二學生已經(jīng)具備了一定的歷史知識,思維能力有一定提高,思想活躍,處于世界觀、人生觀形成時期,對一些社會現(xiàn)象能主動思考,但尚需正確加以引導,激發(fā)學生學習馬克思主義哲學的興趣。三、教學目標1.馬克思主義哲學產(chǎn)生的階級基礎、自然科學基礎和理論來源,馬克思主義哲學的基本特征。2.通過對馬克思主義哲學的產(chǎn)生和基本特征的學習,培養(yǎng)學生鑒別理論是非的能力,進而運用馬克思主義哲學的基本觀點分析和解決生活實踐中的問題。3.實踐的觀點是馬克思主義哲學的首要和基本的觀點,培養(yǎng)學生在實踐中分析問題和解決問題的能力,進而培養(yǎng)學生在實踐活動中的科學探索精神和革命批判精神。
Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis (教材分析)This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives (教學目標)By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective(語言技能目標): develop reading ability (skimming and scanning)as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective(文化知識目標): know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective(情感目標): increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties(教學重點和難點)1. Teaching Focuses(教學重點): the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties(教學難點): develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.
Good morning, distinguished judges:It’s my honor to talk about my teaching ideas with you. Today my topic is Women of Achievement. My presentation consists of six parts: the analysis of teaching material and student, teaching aims, key and difficult points, teaching and studying method, teaching procedures and blackboard design.First, let’s focus on the analysis of teaching material. This lesson is from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 4 Unit 1, the reading part. The main topic of the passage is the introduction of a student of Africanwildlife. After this lesson, the students will learn more information about her studying chimps in Africa, and their reading and speaking abilities can be developed as well.The next part is the analysis of students. My students are in senior high students. They have learnt English for many years, they’ve known many words and sentences, but their speaking and reading abilities are still not very good. So I will practice their speaking and reading abilities through different exercises.According to the New Standard Curriculum and the present situation, I set the teaching aims as follows: firstly, knowledge aims. Students can grasp some new words, such as worthwhile, move off. Moreover, students can understand the content of the passage and get familiar with the topic of studying chimps in wildlife. Secondly, ability aims. Students can use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in reading process. Thirdly, emotional aims. Students can have the awareness of protecting animals and care about animals.Based on the above analysis, the key point of this lesson is to get the main idea and the detailed information from the passage; the difficult point is to talk about the wildlife protection and use reading strategies.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.