(2)世界觀,人生觀,價(jià)值觀是人們文化素養(yǎng)的核心和標(biāo)志。一旦形成就會(huì)對(duì)人產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)持久的影響。(但隨著生活閱歷的變化,人們文化素養(yǎng)的提高,人們的“三觀”會(huì)發(fā)生變化。)總之“潛移默化”指每時(shí)每刻,不知不覺(jué);是從文化對(duì)人影響的過(guò)程來(lái)看的?!吧钸h(yuǎn)持久”指經(jīng)年累月,難以抹去;是從文化對(duì)人影響的結(jié)果上說(shuō)的。3.課堂總結(jié):首先啟動(dòng)學(xué)生思維,教會(huì)學(xué)生把握知識(shí)主線(xiàn),建構(gòu)知識(shí)體系,先由學(xué)生進(jìn)行總結(jié),然后教師進(jìn)行必要的補(bǔ)充4、布置作業(yè):布置作業(yè)。運(yùn)用文化對(duì)人的影響的知識(shí)分析“近朱者赤,近墨者黑”,并且應(yīng)該如何處理朋友之間的關(guān)系。設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)作業(yè)的意圖是既讓學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),同時(shí)又讓學(xué)生回歸生活,如何處理朋友之間的關(guān)系。5、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)遵循板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)用性、直觀性的原則,根據(jù)本課的教材特點(diǎn),我采用結(jié)構(gòu)式板書(shū),這樣設(shè)計(jì)比較直觀、系統(tǒng),以便于學(xué)生能夠系統(tǒng)把握和理解知識(shí)。
(二)引入內(nèi)容1、播放幻燈片,從名言引出思考,什么是文化,如何理解文化?學(xué)生探究,既可質(zhì)疑,也可談自己對(duì)文化的理解2、幻燈片,以三組幻燈,分三個(gè)階段,學(xué)生分別通過(guò)小組討論的形式,歸納總結(jié)文化現(xiàn)象的三個(gè)特征3、根據(jù)對(duì)文化現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí),歸納總結(jié)文化的內(nèi)涵及外延小活動(dòng):把不是文化的山、水、樹(shù),由幾組同學(xué)畫(huà)出來(lái),體會(huì)文化的含義4、一組判斷題,哪些是文化的,哪些不是5、理解文化的特點(diǎn)首先,根據(jù)前面,總結(jié)文化現(xiàn)象的特征,歸納出文化的普通性及特殊性其次,播放視頻,歸納總結(jié)文化是人類(lèi)特有的現(xiàn)象第三,根據(jù)教材材料,小組探究總結(jié),文化是后天習(xí)得的第四,借助小活動(dòng)的材料,歸納,文化需要一定的物質(zhì)載體6、文化的作用首先、觀看視頻,小組探究總結(jié),文化對(duì)于人的影響其次,觀看視頻,小組探究總結(jié),文化對(duì)社會(huì)的影響
一、 教材分析1、地位和作用《文化創(chuàng)新的途徑》是人教版教材高二政治必修3第二單元第五課第二個(gè)框題內(nèi)容,本課是對(duì)全面兩課的一個(gè)提升,同時(shí)對(duì)接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)第三、四單元的知識(shí)具有指導(dǎo)作用。文化創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)社會(huì)熱點(diǎn),具有很強(qiáng)的思想理論性和探索實(shí)踐性。在前面兩課中,學(xué)生基本明確了文化的交流、傳播和發(fā)展;也明白了文化的繼承和發(fā)展需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新。而怎樣進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新是本節(jié)課探討的內(nèi)容,也是本單元的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)。2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識(shí)與能力目標(biāo):①識(shí)計(jì)文化創(chuàng)新的途徑;理解文化創(chuàng)新過(guò)程中要認(rèn)識(shí)和處理好兩對(duì)基本關(guān)系:當(dāng)代文化與傳統(tǒng)文化、民族文化和外來(lái)文化的關(guān)系;②使學(xué)生初步具備認(rèn)識(shí)和處理當(dāng)代文化與傳統(tǒng)文化、民族文化與外來(lái)文化關(guān)系的能力;使學(xué)生具備在合作、探究中體驗(yàn)生活、生成認(rèn)識(shí)、構(gòu)建知識(shí)的能力。
3、文化的力量。為了使學(xué)生能辨證地分析文化的力量,我設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討:(1)是不是任何文化都能起促進(jìn)作用?(2)你在聽(tīng)或唱國(guó)歌時(shí)感受到一種什么樣的力量?這樣,學(xué)生在對(duì)比中學(xué)會(huì)辨證地分析文化的力量——先進(jìn)的、健康的文化能促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展和個(gè)人成長(zhǎng);落后的、腐朽的文化則阻礙社會(huì)發(fā)展和個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)還能提高學(xué)生的文化賞析能力,從而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生裝自覺(jué)參加健康有益的文化活動(dòng),抵制不良文化的影響,投身到社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)中去。關(guān)于課堂練習(xí),我準(zhǔn)備了5個(gè)針對(duì)性比較強(qiáng)的選擇題,從而加深鞏固本框題的重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)。最后,播放歌曲《走進(jìn)新時(shí)代》,展示本課知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),指出本框題需重點(diǎn)掌握的問(wèn)題,結(jié)束本課教學(xué)。課后作業(yè),我設(shè)計(jì)了這樣一個(gè)辨析的題目:文化是人們創(chuàng)造的全部財(cái)富的總和,它是人類(lèi)特有的現(xiàn)象。
一. 教材分析1. 本單元的中心話(huà)題是“計(jì)算機(jī)(Computers)”,內(nèi)容涉及計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史,計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用等。本節(jié)課是該單元的第一課時(shí),我將Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending這四部分整合為一節(jié)精讀課。其中。Reading部分是題為WHO AM I?的文章,以第一人稱(chēng)的擬人手法介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)長(zhǎng)演變的歷史和計(jì)算機(jī)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,其主旨是表達(dá)計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展變化之快以及在生活中用途之廣。而Warming up部分以圖片的形式展現(xiàn)了計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程;Pre-reading中的問(wèn)題和排序分別是為了預(yù)測(cè)語(yǔ)篇的內(nèi)容和測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)歷史了解的情況;Comprehending則通過(guò)各項(xiàng)練習(xí)訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的閱讀技能,從而加深對(duì)文章的理解??梢?jiàn)這幾部分是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。2. 教學(xué)目標(biāo):1) 語(yǔ)言目標(biāo):重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ):abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重點(diǎn)句子:a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
請(qǐng)一位朗誦水平較好的學(xué)生,有感情的朗讀課文12自然段,其他同學(xué)完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù):這一段可否去掉?為什么?學(xué)生思考、圈畫(huà)、交流、討論,然后小組發(fā)言,其他小組補(bǔ)充,教師從旁予以點(diǎn)撥,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步明確作者的思想情感。明確:作者要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一種文化氛圍,于自然氣息之外再添一重文化氣息,與“故都”題旨暗合。從行文章法上看,這里是宕開(kāi)文筆,縱橫議論,顯出深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)和開(kāi)闊的思路。這一段采用議論,通過(guò)古今中外的引證,說(shuō)明感秋處處有,中國(guó)文人最突出,而秋“深味”非在中國(guó)北方莫屬,這其實(shí)還是為了突出故都之秋。(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:提高學(xué)生探究的能力,充分把握本文的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,深刻體悟作者的情感,了解作者對(duì)秋的禮贊情感,從而突破教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。)
我以以《登高》為例,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行意象分析,感悟意境美。古人云“立象以盡意”“古詩(shī)之妙,專(zhuān)求意象”意象是詩(shī)人情感的載體,是詩(shī)歌的靈魂。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生張開(kāi)聯(lián)想和想象的翅膀去感受,去體驗(yàn)是意象,詩(shī)歌鑒賞的關(guān)鍵??屏治榈抡f(shuō)“真正藝術(shù)的作品,不是看見(jiàn)的,也不是聽(tīng)到的,而是想象中的某種東西?!痹?shī)人通過(guò)想象創(chuàng)造出詩(shī)的形象,我們讀者通過(guò)想象豐富地再現(xiàn)詩(shī)人創(chuàng)造的形象。而感受體驗(yàn)則是以全部身心投入作品,心靈與心靈相溝通,感情與感情相交流,對(duì)詩(shī)人的想象活動(dòng)進(jìn)行再經(jīng)歷和再體驗(yàn)。因此,在引導(dǎo)意象解讀中,我先讓學(xué)生點(diǎn)擊這一個(gè),就是通過(guò)抓修飾詞、依據(jù)感情基調(diào)、展開(kāi)想象具體分析本詩(shī)中每個(gè)意象的情感意蘊(yùn)和審美意蘊(yùn),使學(xué)生明白意象在每首詩(shī)中的獨(dú)特性。
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
長(zhǎng)度測(cè)量是其它測(cè)量的基礎(chǔ),而且學(xué)生雖然接觸過(guò)有關(guān)長(zhǎng)度的測(cè)量,但技能還很不穩(wěn)定,更是不規(guī)范。所以本內(nèi)容強(qiáng)調(diào)教師指導(dǎo)作用,教師及時(shí)糾正學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤操作,并組織討論錯(cuò)誤測(cè)量引起的測(cè)量值偏差,測(cè)量結(jié)果的正誤。教學(xué)定位應(yīng)力求實(shí)驗(yàn)操作規(guī)范,觀察認(rèn)真細(xì)致,給學(xué)生以示范作用。5、建立一個(gè)人體尺度意義提問(wèn):如果我們手邊沒(méi)有刻度尺,又需要粗略地知道物體(如科學(xué)課本、課桌、教室……)的長(zhǎng)度時(shí),你有什么辦法嗎?(提問(wèn),給出了建立人體尺度的目的)(可能回答:用人體的指距、跨步距離……進(jìn)行粗測(cè))學(xué)生分組實(shí)驗(yàn):利用人體的指距、跨步距離……粗測(cè)課桌的長(zhǎng)和寬、教室的長(zhǎng)和寬,并與用刻度尺測(cè)量的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)照。以上做法相當(dāng)于學(xué)生在自己身上設(shè)置了一把尺子,這把尺子與身體的其他“尺子”聯(lián)系在一起,還可以做出其他許多的估計(jì),有利于因地制宜培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的估測(cè)能力。
2、從正面初步感受成正比例量的特征發(fā)給學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)卡,呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生兩組成正比例的量,目的是讓學(xué)生從正面發(fā)現(xiàn)正比例的特征,通過(guò)觀察、自主探索與合作交流等方式初步建構(gòu)正比例的意義并做抽象歸納。3、在練習(xí)中繼續(xù)感受成正比例量的特征練習(xí)分兩個(gè)層次,首先呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)單的成正比例和不成正比例的三組量進(jìn)行比較,然后呈現(xiàn)一些易錯(cuò)的數(shù)量關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷,目的是讓學(xué)生在比較中,逐步剝離無(wú)關(guān)因素,突出正比例的本質(zhì)特征,并形成正確的正比例的判定思路。(三)說(shuō)學(xué)法在本節(jié)課中,我著重引導(dǎo)學(xué)生,在獨(dú)立思考的基礎(chǔ)上,學(xué)會(huì)小組合作交流。具體表現(xiàn)在學(xué)會(huì)思考,學(xué)會(huì)觀察,學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá),學(xué)會(huì)思考。使學(xué)生有足夠的時(shí)間和空間經(jīng)歷觀察、猜測(cè)、推理等活動(dòng)過(guò)程,并對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行激勵(lì)性的評(píng)價(jià),讓學(xué)生樂(lè)于說(shuō),善于說(shuō)。
學(xué)情分析:本節(jié)課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容是長(zhǎng)度單位米,。盡管學(xué)生有這方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和基礎(chǔ),但是長(zhǎng)度單位米的建立還是比較難的,在教學(xué)中應(yīng)根據(jù)學(xué)生特點(diǎn),通過(guò)實(shí)踐操作活動(dòng)建立1米的觀念。教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、使學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)長(zhǎng)度單位米,初步建立1米的長(zhǎng)度觀念,并學(xué)會(huì)用米測(cè)量物體的長(zhǎng)度。知道1米=100厘米。2、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察能力、動(dòng)手操作能力、空間想象能力和團(tuán)結(jié)合作意識(shí)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn):使學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)長(zhǎng)度單位米,初步建立1米的長(zhǎng)度觀念。知道1米=100厘米。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):在實(shí)際操作過(guò)程中用米測(cè)量物體的實(shí)際長(zhǎng)度。教具學(xué)具準(zhǔn)備:米尺、學(xué)生尺、10厘米長(zhǎng)的紙條、繩子等教學(xué)過(guò)程:一、創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,引起認(rèn)知沖突。師:同學(xué)們,上節(jié)課我們學(xué)習(xí)了用什么作單位去量物體的長(zhǎng)度?(厘米)上節(jié)課的內(nèi)容大家都掌握得不錯(cuò),誰(shuí)能用學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)幫老師量量黑板的長(zhǎng)?
一、學(xué)情分析《角的度量》這節(jié)課是義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教材教科書(shū)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)四年級(jí)上冊(cè)第二單元第37~38頁(yè)的內(nèi)容。這是一節(jié)實(shí)踐操作課。是在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了直線(xiàn)、射線(xiàn)、線(xiàn)段和角的基礎(chǔ)上教學(xué)的,也是學(xué)習(xí)角的分類(lèi)和角的畫(huà)法的基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)生對(duì)于角的大小已有初步的體驗(yàn),但一部分學(xué)生根本不認(rèn)識(shí)量角器,更談不上用量角器來(lái)測(cè)量角,而且角的大小概念也還沒(méi)有完全形成,顯得比較抽象,所以小學(xué)四年級(jí)的學(xué)生抽象思維雖然有一定的發(fā)展,但依然要以形象具體思維為主,并且要進(jìn)一步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析、歸納、概括能力。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)目標(biāo),是一節(jié)課的靈魂,對(duì)整個(gè)教學(xué)活動(dòng)具有導(dǎo)向、激勵(lì)、評(píng)價(jià)的功能。依據(jù)〈〈課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〉〉的要求,結(jié)合本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)和學(xué)生的年齡特征,我制定了以下三維目標(biāo):
五、教學(xué)過(guò)程(一)導(dǎo)入PPT 展示蒙克的畫(huà)作《吶喊》:這幅畫(huà)是挪威的表現(xiàn)主義畫(huà)家蒙克的生命組圖中最著名的一幅,我想先請(qǐng)大家來(lái)說(shuō)一說(shuō)看完這幅畫(huà)的感受?設(shè)計(jì)理念:《吶喊》是表現(xiàn)主義美術(shù)的代表作,蒙克用極度夸張的筆法,描繪了一個(gè)變了形的尖叫的人物形象,把人類(lèi)的極端的孤獨(dú)和苦悶,以及那種在無(wú)垠宇宙面前的恐懼之感,表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。以此引出表現(xiàn)主義文學(xué)的代表作《變形記》,我們看看在卡夫卡的筆下社會(huì)和人類(lèi)又是怎樣的。(二)研習(xí)文本1、走進(jìn)文本,完成任務(wù)一?;顒?dòng)1:從課文中篩選相關(guān)信息,為格里高爾制作一份簡(jiǎn)歷(姓名、職業(yè)、性格、家庭成員、主要經(jīng)歷)?;顒?dòng)2:概括甲蟲(chóng)特點(diǎn),分析其表現(xiàn)了格里高爾怎樣的生存狀態(tài)。設(shè)計(jì)理念:將甲蟲(chóng)的特點(diǎn)與格里高爾的主要經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系起來(lái),由此可以窺見(jiàn)格里高爾的生存狀態(tài),理解他“化蟲(chóng)”的可能。①堅(jiān)硬的甲:人的封閉,人與人、人與社會(huì)的隔膜。②大身軀、多細(xì)足:不堪生活重負(fù)。③行動(dòng)困難:難以主宰自己的命運(yùn)。④弱?。何⒉蛔愕赖男∪宋?。
方法總結(jié):觀察表中的數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的變化規(guī)律,然后根據(jù)其增減趨勢(shì)寫(xiě)出自變量與因變量之間的關(guān)系式.三、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)1.用關(guān)系式表示變量間關(guān)系2.表格和關(guān)系式的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系:表格能直接得到某些具體的對(duì)應(yīng)值,但不能直接反映變量的整體變化情況;用關(guān)系式表示變量之間的關(guān)系簡(jiǎn)單明了,便于計(jì)算分析,能方便求出自變量為任意一個(gè)值時(shí),相對(duì)應(yīng)的因變量的值,但是需計(jì)算.本節(jié)課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容是變量間關(guān)系的另一種表示方法,這種表示方法學(xué)生才接觸到,學(xué)生感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)難.這節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)是讓學(xué)生掌握用關(guān)系式與表格表示變量間的關(guān)系,難點(diǎn)是理解這兩種表示方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn).就此問(wèn)題,通過(guò)讓學(xué)生對(duì)幾個(gè)例子比較、討論、總結(jié)、歸納兩種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)來(lái)解決,這樣學(xué)生就能很好地區(qū)分這兩種表示方法,并能對(duì)不同的問(wèn)題選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?/p>
解:(1)電動(dòng)車(chē)的月產(chǎn)量y為隨著時(shí)間x的變化而變化,有一個(gè)時(shí)間x就有唯一一個(gè)y與之對(duì)應(yīng),月產(chǎn)量y是時(shí)間x的因變量;(2)6月份產(chǎn)量最高,1月份產(chǎn)量最低;(3)6月份和1月份相差最大,在1月份加緊生產(chǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)量的增值.方法總結(jié):觀察因變量隨自變量變化而變化的趨勢(shì),實(shí)質(zhì)是觀察自變量增大時(shí),因變量是隨之增大還是減?。鍟?shū)設(shè)計(jì)1.常量與變量:在一個(gè)變化過(guò)程中,數(shù)值發(fā)生變化的量為變量,數(shù)值始終不變的量稱(chēng)之為常量.2.用表格表示數(shù)量間的關(guān)系:借助表格表示因變量隨自變量的變化而變化的情況.自變量和因變量是用來(lái)描述我們所熟悉的變化的事物以及自然界中出現(xiàn)的一些變化現(xiàn)象的兩個(gè)重要的量,對(duì)于我們所熟悉的變化,在用了這兩個(gè)量的描述之后更加鮮明.本節(jié)是學(xué)好本章的基礎(chǔ),教學(xué)中立足于學(xué)生的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ),激發(fā)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知沖突,提升學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平,使學(xué)生在原有的知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)上迅速遷移到新知上來(lái)
【課外延伸】閱讀思考:1、改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),東西方文明的交流、碰撞更加劇烈。對(duì)于外來(lái)文化,目前有不同的觀點(diǎn),現(xiàn)引入兩種觀點(diǎn):觀點(diǎn)1:這是一種進(jìn)步。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)不斷發(fā)展,這時(shí)候舊的文化顯然是不合時(shí)宜的,西方文化的進(jìn)入,給我們帶來(lái)了新的生活方式和生活態(tài)度,中國(guó)逐漸改掉了一些陋習(xí),與世界接軌。觀點(diǎn)2:這是一種文化侵略。西方文化的進(jìn)入,使中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化一步步淪喪,特別是我們過(guò)著西方圣誕節(jié)時(shí),中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日端午節(jié)已被韓國(guó)申報(bào)為非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。這告訴我們,我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)我們的傳統(tǒng)文化。面對(duì)東西方文化的交匯、碰撞,你認(rèn)為該怎樣正確看待外來(lái)文化和傳統(tǒng)文化?請(qǐng)寫(xiě)篇小論文闡述你的觀點(diǎn)。2、設(shè)計(jì)以下表格:利用搜集的資料按照“衣、食、住、行、風(fēng)俗”五部分進(jìn)行比較,再將現(xiàn)代社會(huì)物質(zhì)生活和習(xí)俗細(xì)分為“辛亥革命前和辛亥革命后”兩部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行比較。
2.“里根經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”和“撒切爾主義”20世紀(jì)70年代,世界資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入“滯脹”狀態(tài)后,各國(guó)政府紛紛尋找醫(yī)治這一新疾病的藥方,其中影響最大的是供應(yīng)學(xué)派和貨幣學(xué)派。1979年,撒切爾夫人上臺(tái)擔(dān)任英國(guó)首相,率先采納了貨幣學(xué)派的主張。1981年,里根擔(dān)任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)后,以供應(yīng)學(xué)派為依據(jù),確立了自己政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。由于兩人的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策都在一定程度上緩解了本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),并有一套理論體系支撐,因此經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們分別稱(chēng)之為“里根經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”和“撒切爾主義”。實(shí)際上,“里根經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”和“撒切爾主義”有許多相同之處,二者都提倡自由放任,強(qiáng)調(diào)市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)作用,反對(duì)國(guó)家干預(yù);二者都實(shí)行有利于富人的減稅政策,因此都曾被攻擊為“劫貧濟(jì)富”;二者都大力增加軍費(fèi)開(kāi)支,用加大政府消費(fèi)來(lái)緩解危機(jī)。3.美國(guó)“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”戰(zhàn)后西方國(guó)家在凱恩斯主義指導(dǎo)下,暫時(shí)擺脫了三十年代那種嚴(yán)重的大蕭條局面,但由于長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行擴(kuò)張性財(cái)政貨幣政策和對(duì)社會(huì)需求進(jìn)行管理的政策,各資本主義國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)又出現(xiàn)新的危機(jī),即“滯脹”(生產(chǎn)停滯和通貨膨脹),凱恩斯主義由此走向沒(méi)落。