第二課《怎樣保護(hù)我們的眼睛》 一、課題的確定背景 每當(dāng)我們走進(jìn)校園,總會看到一個個“小眼鏡”在校園里走來走去;每當(dāng)我們走進(jìn)教室,也會看到許許多多的“小眼鏡”坐在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。透過這“小眼鏡”,我們驚訝,我們震撼,我們傷感!青少年是祖國的未來,他們需要通過眼睛觀察和感知美麗的大千世界,為了讓學(xué)生清楚造成眼睛近視的原因,了解眼睛近視給自己的學(xué)習(xí)生活帶來的危害,力求通過此課題的研究,使之認(rèn)識到從小保護(hù)眼睛的重要性,提高學(xué)生的護(hù)眼意識,更好地為學(xué)生的健康成長服務(wù)。
1.軍事工業(yè) 時間:19世紀(jì)60—70年代 旗號: 自強(qiáng) 特點(diǎn):1、采取雇傭勞動制,使用機(jī)器生產(chǎn)帶有資本主義的因素 2、企業(yè)官辦,管理方式--封建衙門式 產(chǎn)品--軍隊(duì)使用不作為商品投放市場 性質(zhì):帶有資本主義因素 的封建性質(zhì)的企業(yè)
2.陌生人初次見面打招呼What’s your name?(What’s = What is)Alan./I’m Alan./My name is AlanMiller.(first name,last name = family name)Are you Helen?Yes, I am.Niceto meet you.(這里的Iam 不能縮寫)Nice to meetyou, too.What’s his name?His name isJim.Is she Linda?
師:同學(xué)們,在四年級的時候,我們已經(jīng)了解了圖形的密鋪,請你說一說,什么是圖形的密鋪?(沒有重疊、沒有空隙地鋪在平面上,就是密鋪。)師:圖形的密鋪又可以叫做鑲嵌,以上四個圖片,都是由哪些基本圖形密鋪(鑲嵌)而成的呢?(請學(xué)生邊指邊說。)師:還有哪些圖形也可以鑲嵌?(學(xué)生可能回答:三角形,平行四邊形,梯形,菱形,正六邊形,……)師:今天就請你發(fā)揮一下想象力,設(shè)計一些與眾不同的鑲嵌圖形。[設(shè)計意圖說明:學(xué)生在四年級已經(jīng)初步了解了圖形的密鋪(鑲嵌)現(xiàn)象,四幅圖片是四年級下冊教材《三角形》單元中《密鋪》內(nèi)容中的原圖。本單元在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過數(shù)學(xué)游戲拓展鑲嵌圖形的范圍,讓學(xué)生用圖形變換設(shè)計鑲嵌圖案,進(jìn)一步感受圖形變換帶來的美感以及在生活中的應(yīng)用。]二、新授探究一:利用平移變換設(shè)計鑲嵌圖形
教學(xué)要求1. 通過生活中的事例,學(xué)會解決“找次品”這類問題的思想方法。2. 體會解決問題策略的多樣性及運(yùn)用優(yōu)化的方法解決問題的有效性。3. 感受到數(shù)學(xué)在日常生活中的廣泛應(yīng)用,培養(yǎng)應(yīng)用意識和解決實(shí)際問題的能力。學(xué)情分析有化是一種重要的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法,可有效地分析和解決問題。本單元主要以“找次品”這一操作活動為載體,讓學(xué)生通過觀察、猜測、推理的方法感受解決問題策略的多樣性,在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過歸納、推理的方法體會運(yùn)用優(yōu)化策略解決問題的有效性,感受數(shù)學(xué)的魅力。這些內(nèi)容對五年級的學(xué)生來說有一定的難度,所以應(yīng)讓學(xué)生在具體操作和試驗(yàn)中感悟、體會,由此使學(xué)生養(yǎng)成勤于思考、勇于探索的精神。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)學(xué)會解決“找次品”這類問題的方法。
Step Ⅱ Show the new words on the screen and teach the new words. Read the new words to students and ask them to repeat.Step Ⅲ 3aThis activity introduces new vocabulary and provides reading practice using the target language.In this activity first look at the four pictures.T: What can you see in the pictures?Ss: Four snow globes.T: Right. There are four snow globes in the pictures. And what are they?Ss: They are a monster, two polar bears, two penguins and a birthday cake.Write these words on the blackboard: snow globe; monster; polar bear; penguin and birthday cake. Read them to the class and ask students to repeat each one. Make sure students understand each word.Use a computer to show the E-mail message on the screen and read the message to students.Get students to read the e-mail on their own, and then draw lines connecting each snow globe and its description.Correct the answers.AnswersA line should connect each snow globe picture with the words that describe it in the letter.Step Ⅳ 3bThis activity provides writing practice using the target language.First review Activity 2a on Page 47.Then ask students to complete the message according to Activity 2a.Some partial sentences are given to students. Write about one person's collection.When students work, walk around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.When they finish, ask some students to read their messages to the class.
Step 4. Group work (4)1. Ask a pair of students to read the dialogue. Say, This activity provides speaking, listening and writing practice using the target language.2. Ask students to complete the work in groups.3. Check the answers with the whole class. 4. Explain some of the language points. Step 5. Word review (Self check 1)1. Ask students to read the words and the phrases given. 2. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of these words to complete the sentences. 3. Check the answers with the whole class. Homework:Do activity 2 on page 57 after class. Period 6Teaching aims: 1. Teach vocabulary words and the useful expressions. 2. Enable the students to learn etiquette in different culture. 3. Help the students learn how to behave politely in public places and in daily life. Teaching procedures:Step 1. RevisionHelp students to review the function of making requests through a free talk. Then lead them to the topic of etiquette. Explain the meaning of etiquette. Or, ask students to look it up in the dictionary. Step 2. Pre-reading (Section 1)1. Ask students to read the picture and make a list with their partner about how many rules of etiquette can be seen being broken.
(1)Have you ever been to …? Yes, I have. / Yes, I have ever been to …No, I haven’t. / No, I have never been to …(2)When did you go there? I went there last year. (3)I have never been to a water park. Neither have I. I have ever been to an amusement park. So have I. (4)How long have you been studying English? I’ve been studying English since nine o’clock. I’ve been studying English since I came back home. I’ve been studying English for five hours. (5)What’s that? It’s an amusement park in Japan. I’ve never been to an amusement park like it before. It’s fun to learn another language. Let’s go tonight. Isn’t this great?space museum, amusement park, water park, South America, Peru, Holland, European culture, tour guide, flight attendant, musical instrument, more than, be from, get to, take lessons, neither, discover, graduate, change
說明:在幫Li Lei提建議的同時,教育學(xué)生如何學(xué)好英語。第三課時教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 語言目標(biāo):a) 詞匯: Original, in style, haircut, the same as.b) 語言結(jié)構(gòu):My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.2. 能力目標(biāo):大多數(shù)學(xué)生能夠談?wù)撟约合矚g哪種服裝,提高查找信息的能力。3. 情感目標(biāo):學(xué)會如何與朋友相處,要有自己對時尚的看法。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)掌握一些重要詞匯。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)學(xué)會談?wù)搯栴},并能提出書面建議。◆教學(xué)突破首先針對Erin的問題,提出個人的建議,模仿2c部分的對話展開雙人交際Pair-work;聽老師誦讀3a部分的信件,并找出LEFT OUT的問題所在;學(xué)生完成3b部分的內(nèi)容,給Left Out提出書面的建議;學(xué)以口頭形式提出自己目前存在的某個問題,講給大家聽,讓同學(xué)們給自己提出一個建議,并作筆錄;學(xué)生兩、三個人分成一組,隨意性地進(jìn)行口語交際,談?wù)揚(yáng)14的第4部分的某個問題,相互交換意見。
區(qū)分賓語從句、定于從句和狀語從句賓語從句和狀語從句,都叫做主從復(fù)合句。賓語從句主要是中考必考的,是初中階段必掌握的從句,賓語從句主要是掌握三要素,所謂賓語從句,就是賓語在主從復(fù)合句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)賓語的一個句子,叫做賓語從句。主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞,后面如果是詞或者是短語的話,是簡單句,如果是句子的話,肯定是賓語從句。I know that he good at English.就是賓語從句,三要素,一要素是要注意連詞,連詞一共學(xué)了三類連詞,一類連詞是that口語當(dāng)中可以省略,就像剛才說的那一句,I hear he is good at English.還有疑問代詞、疑問副詞,how where when,疑問代詞、疑問副詞。還有一類連詞weather是否的意思,不是狀語從句當(dāng)中的如果,這一定要和如果區(qū)分開,這是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。賓語從句要注意if是連詞。第二要素是語序,要用陳述舉語序。比如說你家有幾口人,我們都說How many people are there in you family?但是這是簡單句,一旦說成賓語從句,你可以告訴我你家有幾口人嗎?Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?
"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好!歡迎你!請做一下自我介紹。認(rèn)識一下你的新同學(xué)。”通常在課上老師會這樣說。你會說什么呢?“噢,不!”與陌生人談話太困難了。但是這也很有意思,并且你還能交到朋友。你該怎么做呢?閑聊。閑聊指得是禮貌的對話?!巴蹰且粋€很棒的乒乓球運(yùn)動員,不是嗎?”“我希望自己能認(rèn)識她,你呢?“今年的雨水很多,不是嗎?”反意疑問句是一種禮貌用語。為了使得談話成功,你應(yīng)該知道怎樣去進(jìn)行閑聊。你還應(yīng)該知道與不同的人該談?wù)撌裁礃拥脑掝}。認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)這個單元吧,下次在英語課上,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與大家展開談話是一件很容易的事情,不信我們來試試。)
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
(一).知識方面: 1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能運(yùn)用過去進(jìn)行時來描述、談?wù)撨^去某個時間正在發(fā)生的事情或動作的意識和能力,能就過去某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作做出正確的描述。 2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力和角色扮演的合作能力。 3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生講述過去發(fā)生的事情經(jīng)過的能力。能正確運(yùn)用一般過去時來講述故事。 (二).技能方面: 1.本單元的語言目標(biāo)是Talk about past events and tell a story(談?wù)撨^去的時間和講述一個故事),圍繞這一目標(biāo),要涉及句型: What were you doing when the UFO arrived? ----I was sitting in the barber’s chair. The barber was cutting my hair. 因此必須學(xué)習(xí)standing、studying、cleaning、sleeping、cooking、making、eating、cutting、等表示地點(diǎn)的詞,以便為上述句型提供語言材料。2.學(xué)習(xí)過去進(jìn)行時的有關(guān)知識。Was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞,是該時態(tài)的表達(dá)式。 3.在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,要區(qū)分The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.和While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.這兩種由when和while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。注意它們的不同。
教師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)描述寵物的詞匯,采用教師提問學(xué)生回答的方進(jìn)行。如:T:What animals do you think would be good pets?What animals do you think would be bad pets?What do you think are good animals for a six-year-old child?然后學(xué)生進(jìn)行 pairwork 練習(xí)。Task two: 師生互動,學(xué)習(xí)探究 1、播放3a部分的錄音,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生一邊聽錄音,一邊跟讀。2、通過聽錄音學(xué)生回答以下問題:Why do you think pot-bellied pigs are popular?What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?教師對學(xué)生的回答進(jìn)行及時點(diǎn)評。3.學(xué)習(xí)范文,學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)短語,為下步的模仿寫作提供語言素材。T :1. )Have you ever kept a pig as a pet?Do you like pigs? St.:No.…Why don’t you like to keep a pig? St: No.They’re too dirty and lazy(Do you know in some foreign countries like Hollyland, Australia,pigs are the most popular pet.there’s a kind of pig.(圖)it has an interesting name? it ‘s called a pot-bellied pig.) Now,let’s learn an article about this kind of interesting pet.2.)play the tapeSt.:Listen and repeat3.)show some Qs on computer(本子St.: read silently,then answerthe Qs(本子)4.)Ask ss. Close book and retell this passage.(what is a pot-bellied pig? Is it a good or bad pet? ) St.: retell it to each other“A pot –bellied pig is a popular pet now…”5.read the article together.St.:.practice reading
3.小結(jié)。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納兩位數(shù)加減法的口算步驟:要把加上或減去的兩位數(shù)看成一個整十?dāng)?shù)和一個一位數(shù),先算兩位數(shù)加、減整十?dāng)?shù),再算兩位數(shù)加減一位數(shù)。三、鞏固練習(xí)課本第93頁的做一做。分別指名口算,并說說怎么想的。四、全課總結(jié)1.根據(jù)學(xué)生回答,教師歸納小結(jié)并出示課題:口算兩位數(shù)加、減兩位數(shù)。2.口算兩位數(shù)加、減兩位數(shù)應(yīng)注意什么?五、布置作業(yè)教后反思《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》提倡算法多樣化,目的是提倡學(xué)生個性化的學(xué)習(xí)。本單元仍然注意體現(xiàn)這一理念,如本課時教學(xué)口算兩位數(shù)加、減兩位數(shù)時,既呈現(xiàn)了口算方法,還出現(xiàn)了在腦中想豎式的方法;在教學(xué)筆算時,還出現(xiàn)口算的方法。其目的就是鼓勵學(xué)生展開思路,在交流、比較的基礎(chǔ)上不斷地完善自己的想法,學(xué)習(xí)計算方法。
因此,本套教材中刪去了“整除”的數(shù)學(xué)化定義,而是借助整除的模式na=b直接引出因數(shù)和倍數(shù)的概念。在本冊教材中,由于允許學(xué)生采用多樣的方法求最大公因數(shù)和最小公倍數(shù),分解質(zhì)因數(shù)也失去了其不可或缺的作用,同時,也是為了減少這一單元的理論概念,教材不再把它作為正式教學(xué)內(nèi)容,而是作為一個補(bǔ)充知識,安排在“你知道嗎?”中進(jìn)行介紹。由于這部分內(nèi)容較為抽象,很難結(jié)合生活實(shí)例或具體情境來進(jìn)行教學(xué),學(xué)生理解起來有一定的難度。在過去的教學(xué)中,一些教師往往忽視概念的本質(zhì),而是讓學(xué)生死記硬背相關(guān)概念或結(jié)論,學(xué)生無法理清各概念間的前后承接關(guān)系,達(dá)不到融會貫通的程度。再加上有些教師在考核時使用一些偏題、難題,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)這部分知識時覺得枯燥乏味,體會不到初等數(shù)論的抽象性、嚴(yán)密性和邏輯性,感受不到數(shù)學(xué)的魅力。所以在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn): (1)加強(qiáng)對概念間相互關(guān)系的梳理,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從本質(zhì)上理解概念,避免死記硬背。(2)由于本單元知識特有的抽象性,教學(xué)時要注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的抽象思維能力。
教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.使學(xué)生通過“稱一稱”的實(shí)踐活動,親自感受1克和1千克的實(shí)際重量。2.通過實(shí)踐活動使學(xué)生加深質(zhì)量單位的理解,讓學(xué)生深刻體會到質(zhì)量單位與實(shí)際生活是緊密聯(lián)系的,在實(shí)際生活中是非常有用的。3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的動手能力及創(chuàng)新意識。4.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生與他人的合作意識和分工合作的精神。重、難點(diǎn)與關(guān)鍵1.進(jìn)一步了解克和千克的質(zhì)量單位概念。能夠用老師提供的稱,來稱量物體質(zhì)量。2.鞏固對質(zhì)量單位實(shí)際概念是認(rèn)識。教具準(zhǔn)備天平,盤秤,適量的生活用品,如水果,蔬菜等。教學(xué)過程一、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境同學(xué)們這節(jié)課老師帶你們?nèi)コ泄湟还?,想去嗎?(出示課本第85頁情境圖)在超市里你看到了什么?指名回答。(餅干110克、豆油5千克、6個蘋果1千克……)這些都表示什么意思呢?指名回答。教師說明表示物品有多重可以用克和千克作單位。那么在日常生活中有什么地方用到克與千克呢?舉例說明。
(1)提問:用自己的話說一說畫面的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)畫面的內(nèi)容編一道應(yīng)用題??上茸寣W(xué)生自由編題,然后出示:面包房一共做了54個面包,第一隊(duì)小朋友買了8個,第二隊(duì)小朋友買了22個,現(xiàn)在剩下多少個?(2)全班同學(xué)讀題后提問:題目的已知條件和問題分別是什么?根據(jù)“一共做了54個面包,第一隊(duì)小朋友買了8個”這兩個條件可以求什么?(第一隊(duì)買后還剩下多少個)怎樣列式?【54-8=46(個)】那要求還剩下多少個?又該怎樣列式?【46-22=24(個)】誰能列一個綜合算式?【54-8-22=24(個)】(列好后,要求學(xué)生說出每一步算式的意義)教師:大家想一想還有沒有不同的想法?(鼓勵學(xué)生從不同角度去思考問題)根據(jù)“第一隊(duì)小朋友買了8個,第二隊(duì)小朋友買了22個”可以求出什么問題?(兩隊(duì)一共買了多少個面包?)可以怎樣列式?【8+22=30(個)】那要求還剩下多少個?又該怎樣列式?【54-30=24(個)】同桌的同學(xué)互相討論一下:如果寫成一個算式,應(yīng)該怎樣列式?
教后反思本節(jié)課給學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)了良好的活動空間,把學(xué)生實(shí)際生活中聽說過的見到的平均分現(xiàn)象展示給學(xué)生看,把生活和數(shù)學(xué)聯(lián)系起來,在學(xué)生感受“同樣多”的基礎(chǔ)上概括出什么叫平均分。揭示平均分這一數(shù)學(xué)知識在生活中的應(yīng)用,之后突出了學(xué)生三次實(shí)際操作。第一次,小組同學(xué)互相分水果,重視學(xué)生分的結(jié)果。體會感受“平均分”的含義。第二次,重視分法:15個橘子平均分成5份。體現(xiàn)了學(xué)生對物品的不同分法,建立了平均分的概念。第三次,分礦泉水,通過份數(shù)變化,觀察分的就結(jié)果,深刻體會“平均分”,為認(rèn)識除法積累豐富的知識。為學(xué)生營造探索的空間。第二課時:平均分的認(rèn)識(二)教學(xué)內(nèi)容鞏固“平均分”。課本第15頁的例題3。教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.鞏固“平均分”的概念,知道平均分就是每一份分得結(jié)果同樣多。
6. 本題是一道實(shí)際應(yīng)用的題,可以結(jié)合生活實(shí)際舉例,在舉例中進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識分?jǐn)?shù)。7. (讀作八分之一)表示把人的身高看作單位“1”,頭部的高度占整個身高的 ; (讀作五分之三)表示把整個長江的干流看作單位“1”,受污染的部分占整個長江干流的 ; (讀作十分之三)表示把死海表層的水看作單位“1”,含鹽量占死海表層水的 。8. 讀作六分之一, 讀作七分之二, 讀作是十五分之四, 讀作十八分之十一, 讀作一百分之七。它們的分?jǐn)?shù)單位分別是: 、 、 、 、 。9. 本題有兩個知識點(diǎn):一是根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)的意義涂色,是把12個蘋果平均分成了2份,1份有6個蘋果; 是把12個蘋果平均分成了3份,1份有4個蘋果; 是把12個蘋果平均分成了4份,1份有3個蘋果; 是把12個蘋果平均分成了6份,1份有2個蘋果; 是把12個蘋果平均分成了12份,1份有1個蘋果。二是在涂色中感受平均分成的份數(shù)越多,每一份越少,也可以說隨著分母的增大,幾分之一所表示的蘋果個數(shù),從 的6個到 的1個,相應(yīng)地在減少。