1、、用多媒體幻燈片逐一出示各種圖片。創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境。引導學生提出用乘法計算問題。內(nèi)容:郵局郵票出售處,有的郵票一枚80分,有的郵票一枚60分。百貨商店鞋柜,一雙旅游鞋78元,一雙皮鞋164元。電影院售票處:日場一張電影票15元,夜場一張電影票20元。小袋鼠蹦跳一次約2米,小袋鼠蹦跳33次。文具商店柜臺,每合圖釘120個,每包日記本25本。2、出示教科書第70頁例2主題圖:三年紀一班29個同學去參觀航天航空展覽,門票每張8元。請學生提出問題,老師在學生提出問題的基礎(chǔ)上,補充提出如果老師這時只帶250元錢去夠嗎?二、嘗試解決。1、教師先請學生猜一猜帶250元夠不夠?再請學生思考怎么知道我們猜得對不對呢?看看小精靈是怎么說的?2、怎么才能知道8×29大約是多少呢?能不能用我們前面學過的計算方法來解決這個問題。3、啟發(fā)學生想出前面我們已經(jīng)學過整十乘一位數(shù)的乘法口算。我們可以把29看成最接近的整十數(shù)來估算。
三、說教法、學法從素質(zhì)教育著眼點來看,要貫徹傳授知識與培養(yǎng)能力相結(jié)合的原則,不僅要使學生學會知識,更要使學生會學、樂學、主動去學。為了更充分地發(fā)揮學生的主體地位,使他們能夠自主學習,切實提高課堂教學效率。在教學方法上,采用談話激趣、回憶交流、討論歸納、強化練習等教學方法,循循誘導,讓學生在比賽、游戲、練習、合作中自主學習,鞏固和拓展所學知識。四、說教學過程“將課堂還給學生,讓課堂煥發(fā)生命的活力”“努力營造學生在教學活動中自主學習的時間和空間”從這種設(shè)計理念出發(fā),為了更好的達到教學目標,突出重點,增強教學效果,使學生計算能力得到真正發(fā)展,我對本節(jié)課設(shè)計如下幾個環(huán)節(jié):(一)、激趣導入。同學們,這幾天我們一直在學習多位數(shù)乘一位數(shù)的知識,你們想不想知道我們今天要學習什么知識?
當學生說出估算思路時,老師可以及時適當進行賞識性的表揚。與此同時,教師對各種估算方法都不急于評價,而是積極引導學生采用多種算法。在劉兼教授的訪談錄中,曾經(jīng)有這么一句話:在提倡算法多樣性的同時,老師要不要提出一種最好的解法呢?所謂最好的方法,要和學生的個性結(jié)合起來,沒有適合全體學生的方法。每個學生的學習方式、思維方式都是獨特的,我們要尊重學生自己的選擇,不能以一個或一批學生的思維準則來規(guī)定全體學生必須采用的所謂最好的方法。因此,教學中我是這樣引導學生的:你喜歡用哪一種方法?并說說你喜歡的理由。這樣不僅尊重了學生個性的思維方法,還培養(yǎng)了學生的個性發(fā)展。探究新知后,我安排有層次性的練習,讓學生在練習中鞏固估算方法,培養(yǎng)估算意識,增強估算信心。(三)、鞏固提高1、基本練習“學以致用”,學習新知識后的練習是學生內(nèi)化知識的主要環(huán)節(jié),也是學生鞏固估算方法的環(huán)節(jié)。
得出這樣便于口算的道理,也為幫助學生探索“兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)”的豎式計算方法埋下了伏筆。與此同時也允許學生把12用他們認為更便于計算的方法進行計算。另一種是直接用豎式計算。豎式的擺法學生肯定沒問題,對于第一步如何計算也難不倒學生,關(guān)鍵是第二步、第三步,通過學生自己探索算法,讓學生弄清第二步、第三步為什么這樣寫?根據(jù)學生的匯報,強調(diào)書寫格式并板書,用個位上的2去乘24,乘得的積是表示48個一,積的末尾要和個位對齊;用十位上的1去乘24,乘得的積表示24個十,乘得積的末尾要和十位對齊(個位上的0省略不寫);最后把兩次乘得的積相加。(這樣利用遷移原理,使學生一步一步地加深對算理和算法的認識和理解,不但突出了教學重點,而且突破了教學難點。)3、教師點撥:筆算乘法時:(1)從個位乘起,先用第二個因數(shù)的個位上的數(shù)依次去乘第一個因數(shù)的每一位上的數(shù),得數(shù)末位和第一個因數(shù)的個位對齊;
一.教材分析本節(jié)課選自人教版數(shù)學教材三年級下冊第二單元《除數(shù)是一位數(shù)的除法》第二小節(jié)《筆算除法》的第一課時——《“一位數(shù)除兩位數(shù)商是兩位數(shù)”的筆算除法》。1.教材的特點、地位和作用:本節(jié)課是整數(shù)除法的相關(guān)知識,它是在口算除法和除法豎式的基礎(chǔ)上進行教學的,又為學生掌握除數(shù)是兩位數(shù)的除法、學習除數(shù)是多位數(shù)的除法奠定了扎實的知識和思維基礎(chǔ)。通過學習,讓學生在活動中理解筆算除法的算理,探索用豎式計算的合理程序。教科書安排了兩個例題,例1是一位數(shù)除兩位數(shù),被除數(shù)的各個數(shù)位上的數(shù)都能被整除,主要解決除的順序和豎式寫法的問題;例2也是一位數(shù)除兩位數(shù),但除到被除數(shù)十位上有余數(shù)。本節(jié)課內(nèi)容,對學生進一步學習筆算除法有著非常重要的作用。2.教材的重點和難點:重點是理解算理,掌握算法.掌握筆算除法的步驟和商的書寫位置。難點是讓學生理解每求出一位商后,如果有余數(shù),應(yīng)該與下一位上的數(shù)連在一起繼續(xù)除的道理。
然后我讓自主嘗試探索末尾有0有乘法,然后讓學生自己上臺來給大家展示各自的算法,并討論比較那種算法更簡便,從而總結(jié)出末尾有0的乘法列豎式的簡便方法。為了解決這節(jié)課的重點和難點,我在這個環(huán)節(jié)里又有針對性的設(shè)計了兩個練習,一個是0和非0的對位,還有一個是積末尾補0。在教學因數(shù)中間有0的乘法,因為學生有了前面的基礎(chǔ),所以我直接讓學生在兩個問題中選擇一個解決。重點強調(diào)了因數(shù)中間0不能漏乘。在練習方面,我設(shè)計了看誰的眼睛亮,通過找錯誤,學生練習時,老師觀察到有共性的的錯誤,通過視頻展示臺,讓學生來尋找錯誤,再次突破本課的重點。一題是360×25因數(shù)末數(shù)一共有一個0,而積的末尾應(yīng)該有三個0。讓學生進行討論,再一次讓學生體會了積末尾0個數(shù)確定的方法。在鞏固和拓展聯(lián)系環(huán)節(jié),設(shè)計了闖關(guān)游戲,先是基本的計算練習,接著是因數(shù)末尾0個數(shù)的判斷和解決問題的聯(lián)系,通過練習,鞏固豎式的簡便寫法,提高學生的計算能力。
1.揭示課題那么,這個運算定律是否對分數(shù)加法也適用呢?現(xiàn)在我們就來研究這個問題。板書課題:整數(shù)加法運算定律推廣到分數(shù)加法。2.研究運算定律對分數(shù)加法的適用性出示式題:提問:上面每組算式的左右兩邊有什么關(guān)系?得數(shù)是否相等?先指名學生練習,算出得數(shù)后,再引導學生觀察。提問:這兩組試題有何共同之處?組織學生開展小組討論,共同概括總結(jié)出他們的共同點,得出規(guī)律性的認識,從而使學生體會到整數(shù)加法運算定律,對分數(shù)加法同樣適用。通過討論明確:加法的交換律、結(jié)合律中的數(shù),既包括了整數(shù),又包括了小數(shù)和分數(shù)?!驹O(shè)計意圖】通過具體的實踐活動,直觀感知了加法運算定律同樣也適用于分數(shù)加法。這種通過自己實踐得來的東西,學生理解得更透,掌握得更牢。
2.送信。實物投影儀演示反饋。(1)方法說明。你是怎么想的?(2)錯誤糾正。分層校對:做完的先互相批改,然后集體先校對丁當組題,再校對一休組題。重點講評一休組題目。六、總結(jié)今天你有哪些收獲?(1)退位減法要注意什么?不要忘記退位。(2)退位減法的方法。為學生提供學習材料,讓學生通過活動聯(lián)系生活實際學習新知,讓學生感受到數(shù)學源于生活,用于生活;采用分層教學,整個學習過程都是學生在小組中合作研究、探索中完成的;然后通過多種形式的練習加以鞏固;注重學習過程的開放;通過小組合作,培養(yǎng)學生善于發(fā)表自己的觀點,會傾聽同學的意見的能力。同時也培養(yǎng)學生學會提出問題、解決問題的能力。
[設(shè)計意圖:鞏固減法的意義,培養(yǎng)學生初步的思維能力。](2)組織學生自己先算一算,教師巡視,捕捉學生學習信息,糾正不良學習習慣。[設(shè)計意圖:通過巡視,及時捕捉學生的學習信息,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時解決;把培養(yǎng)學生良好的計算習慣、審題習慣及檢查習慣落到實處。](3)組織學生全班交流計算方法。組織學生在全班交流解決計算“32-2=”的方法,引導學生理解“32是由3個十和2個一組成,從32里去掉2,就剩3個十,所以32減2等于30”。如果學生用其他的方法來計算,只要正確,也要肯定。[設(shè)計意圖:同前面一樣,鞏固數(shù)的組成,訓練每一個學生“述說整十數(shù)加一位數(shù)相應(yīng)減法的計算過程”,突破難點。]3.加減法對比組織學生比較“30+2=32”和“32-2=30”,并說一說有什么發(fā)現(xiàn),使學生認識到“3個十和2個一組成32,所以30加2等于32;反過來,32是由3個十和2個一組成,從32里去掉2,就剩3個十,所以32減2等于30”[設(shè)計意圖:強化加減法意義的聯(lián)系,培養(yǎng)學生初步的思維能力。]
師:這是一種較為簡便、應(yīng)用廣泛的方法,但有時候也要具體問題具體分析,做題時要合理靈活地選擇計算方法?!堆芯繉W生如何學比研究教師如何教更重要。學生對新知識的學習必須以已有的知識和學習經(jīng)驗作為基礎(chǔ),因此正確分析學生的知識基礎(chǔ)和學習經(jīng)驗就顯得格外重要。我認為分數(shù)除以整數(shù)的教學基礎(chǔ)在于以下幾點:分數(shù)與小數(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)化;分數(shù)的意義;分數(shù)乘法的意義;倒數(shù)的知識;商不變的性質(zhì)等。這些知識在以前的學習中,學都有了足夠的掌握。有了上面的分析基礎(chǔ),我覺得把研究新知識的權(quán)力教給學生,是完全可以的?!?、質(zhì)疑與反思。師:對于這些方法,盡管大家的思維角度不盡相同,但是基本的想法是相同的,想一想我們是怎樣解決問題的?生:用學過的倒數(shù)、商不變的性質(zhì)解決的。師:對。用一句話概括就是運用舊知識解決新新問題。這是一種很重要的學習方法。5、實踐體驗練習鞏固。
一.說教材。我說課的內(nèi)容是人教版課程標準實驗教科書六年級上冊的分數(shù)除法單元中的例1和例2。例1是分數(shù)除法的意義認識,例2是分數(shù)除以整數(shù)的計算。在這之前學生已經(jīng)掌握了整數(shù)除法的意義和分數(shù)乘法的意義及計算,而本課的學習將為統(tǒng)一分數(shù)除法計算法則打下基礎(chǔ)。例1先是整數(shù)除法回顧,再由100克=1/10千克,從而引出分數(shù)除法算式,通過類比使學生認識到分數(shù)除法的意義與整數(shù)除法的意義相同,都是‘已知兩個因數(shù)的積和其中一個因數(shù),求另一個因數(shù)的運算’。例2是分數(shù)除以整數(shù)的計算教學,意在通過讓學生進行折紙實驗、驗證,引導學生將‘圖’和‘式’進行對照分析,從而發(fā)現(xiàn)算法,感悟算理,同時也初步感受數(shù)形結(jié)合的思想方法。根據(jù)剛才對教材的理解,本節(jié)課的教學目標是:1、理解分數(shù)除法的意義與整數(shù)除法的意義相同。2.理解分數(shù)除以整數(shù)的計算原理,掌握計算方法,并能正確的進行計算。
1. 認真執(zhí)行各項護理制度和操作規(guī)程,正確執(zhí)行醫(yī)囑,準確及時完成各項護理工作;2. 做好基礎(chǔ)護理和心理護理,經(jīng)常巡視病房,密切觀察病情;3. 做好醫(yī)療器械、敷料的打包消毒的藥品的保管,做好事后登記統(tǒng)計工作;4. 協(xié)助醫(yī)生進行各種治療工作,負責采集各種檢查標本。
2、講授新課:(35分鐘)通過教材第一目的講解,讓學生明白,生活和學習中有許多蘊涵哲學道理的故事,表明哲學并不神秘總結(jié)并過渡:生活也離不開哲學,哲學可以是我正確看待自然、人生、和社會的發(fā)展,從而指導人們正確的認識和改造世界。整個過程將伴隨著多媒體影像資料和生生對話討論以提高學生的積極性。3、課堂反饋,知識遷移。最后對本科課進行小結(jié),鞏固重點難點,將本課的哲學知識遷移到與生活相關(guān)的例子,實現(xiàn)對知識的升華以及學生的再次創(chuàng)新;可使學生更深刻地理解重點和難點,為下一框?qū)W習做好準備。4、板書設(shè)計我采用直觀板書的方法,對本課的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)在多媒體上進行展示。盡可能的簡潔,清晰。使學生對知識框架一目了然,幫助學生構(gòu)建本課的知識結(jié)構(gòu)。5、布置作業(yè)我會留適當?shù)淖詼y題及教學案例讓同學們做課后練習和思考,檢驗學生對本課重點的掌握以及對難點的理解。并及時反饋。對學生在理解中仍有困難的知識點,我會在以后的教學中予以疏導。
當孩子們由父母陪同時,他們才被允許進入這個運動場。3.過去分詞(短語)作狀語時的幾種特殊情況(1)過去分詞(短語)在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時,相當于對應(yīng)的時間、條件、原因及讓步狀語從句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看,整個城市看起來更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多給十分鐘,我們會完美地完成這項工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的話深深地感動,她滿眼淚花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.盡管被警告了風暴的到來,但農(nóng)民們?nèi)栽谵r(nóng)場干活。(2)過去分詞(短語)在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語時,可改為句子的并列謂語或改為并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟著兩個學生,老師走進了房間。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母親陪著度過了一整個下午。
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報紙報道說有一百多人在暴風雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時,以及by、before后面接過去的時間時,主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導的定語從句中,主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中,條件句表示與過去事實相反,且主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點得到他的指示,我早就完成這項任務(wù)了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點的話,我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會,你就會見到他的。
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分,只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!