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（新）部編人教版四年級上冊《 呼風喚雨的世紀》說課稿（二）
二、教學目標針對本人對教材的理解，結(jié)合中年級學生好奇心強，求知欲日益增加，但他們的認識能力有限，對文字描寫的景象難以形成深切體會，這一年齡特征，以及新課標對本年段的基本要求，我將本篇課文安排為兩課時進行教學。第一課時的教學目標是１、認識5個生字，會寫6個生字，理解“呼風喚雨”等16個詞語的意思。２、了解科學技創(chuàng)造的奇跡及威力。３、感受科學技術(shù)發(fā)展的驚人速度及變化。這里，了解２０世紀科學技術(shù)給人類帶來的巨大變化是第一課時的教學重點，理解課文中一些含義深刻的詞語和句子是第一課時的教學難點第二課時的教學目標是，1、品讀課文，體會語言簡潔，條理清楚的表達特點，能聯(lián)系生活實際，談出自己的閱讀感受。2、激發(fā)熱愛科學的情感以及學習科學、探索科學奧秘的興趣。三、說教學過程。下面我將第一課時的教學流程、設(shè)計意圖以及教法學法進行具體闡述。預(yù)習是求知過程的一個良好開端，注重課前的有效預(yù)習，能更好地提高課堂教學的有效性。所以我在課前布置學生預(yù)習：預(yù)習課文勾畫自學生字詞，標記自然段序號；嘗試理解詞語，收集的有關(guān)20世紀重大科技發(fā)明的文字和圖片資料
（新）部編人教版四年級上冊《 為中華之崛起而讀書》說課稿（二）
七、教學過程設(shè)計如下：（一）、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，導課激趣1、孔子說過：“知之者不如好知者，好知者不如樂知者”，新課程標準也指出：語文教學要注意激發(fā)學生的學習興趣。因此，在上課時，我充滿激情的語言對學生說：同學們，有這樣一個人，在飛機遇險的時候，不顧個人安危毅然把自己的傘包送給一個小女孩，你知道他是誰嗎？有這樣一個人，不僅全中國的人愛戴他，全世界的人也愛他，在他逝世的時候，聯(lián)合國為他降半旗表哀悼之情，你知道他是誰嗎？有這樣一個人，他在12歲時就說出了一句令所有人都喝彩的一句話，你知道他是誰嗎？【通過教師語言情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)，吸引學生的興趣，自然引出本文課題“為中華之崛起而讀書”】2、生齊讀課題，談?wù)勀銓φn文題目的理解，師做點撥：“崛”是興起的意思，“之”是“的”的意思。（二）、初讀課文，整體感知1、借助漢語拼音朗讀課文，提出自學要求
（新）部編人教版四年級上冊《延安，我把你追尋》說課稿（二）
一．說教材：本文是一革命精神的文章。課文用生動的語言，向我們介紹了延安精神。課文主要寫了延河，棗圓，南泥灣，寶塔山。課文語言優(yōu)美 流暢，有利于學生積累語言。同過課文的學習學生能更好的繼承和發(fā)揚革命精神。二．說學生：1、本節(jié)課的教學對象是小學六年級的學生，這個班經(jīng)過了六年的閱讀訓練教學后，班上學生思維活躍，對語文非常感興趣，閱讀和寫作表達的愿望很強烈；結(jié)合對本班學生良好的預(yù)習習慣的了解，以及課前的師生交流，我充分感覺到，學生能夠領(lǐng)悟延安精神。
部編人教版六年級上冊《有的人——紀念魯迅有感》說課稿（二）
五、說教學過程 （一）創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，揭示課題。 以前面學習的課文《我的伯父魯迅先生》進行回顧導入，將學生再次帶入到魯迅逝世的場景中，感受人們對他的愛戴。適時補充本詩的寫作背景，奠定理解詩歌的感情基調(diào)，為學生理解內(nèi)容做好鋪墊。 （二）誦讀全詩，整體感知。 給學生充足的時間讓學生自主探究，讀準字音，把詩句讀流暢。 播放朗讀音頻，學生傾聽，練習朗讀。指七名學生分節(jié)讀，教師隨機點撥。本首詩學生讀通順是沒問題的，但這首詩歌感情色彩強烈，愛憎分明，重點是要讀出感情。因此播放音頻朗讀，一是讓學生在傾聽中感受詩人的強烈感情，二是仿照練習，讀好節(jié)奏、聲調(diào)等，幫助在理解詩歌后更好地感情朗讀。 默讀并思考：這首詩在內(nèi)容和寫法上你發(fā)現(xiàn)了有什么特別之處嗎？ 引導學生感受詩歌對比和反復(fù)的特點，找出具體的對比內(nèi)容，為后面的理解學習做好準備。
部編人教版六年級上冊《我的伯父魯迅先生》說課稿（二）
情景教學法。根據(jù)課文描述地情景,適時創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,引導學生思考、想象,為激發(fā)學生對魯迅高尚人品地崇敬之情,奠定情感基調(diào)。 講解法。在學生探究理解地過程中,教師適當補充背景資料、人物介紹、方法指導等,實現(xiàn)教師地主導作用。 朗讀體會法。通過自由讀、默讀、表演讀、感情朗讀等,讓學生走進人物,體會作者地寫作方法,學習文章描寫人物地方法。感受文章地思想感情,與作者產(chǎn)生情感共鳴,提高學生地語言感悟能力。 自主探究與交流延伸相結(jié)合學習法。在閱讀故事地過程中,學生自主探究學習,感知故事內(nèi)容,通過與同學、老師交流,不斷深化對魯迅地認識,感受魯迅地高尚品格。
北師大初中九年級數(shù)學下冊第一章復(fù)習教案
一、本章知識要點： 1、銳角三角函數(shù)的概念； 2、解直角三角形。二、本章教材分析： （一）.使學生正確理解和掌握三角函數(shù)的定義，才能正確理解和掌握直角三角形中邊與角的相互關(guān)系，進而才能利用直角三角形的邊與角的相互關(guān)系去解直角三角形，因此三角形函數(shù)定義既是本章的重點又是理解本章知識的關(guān)鍵,而且也是本章知識的難點。如何解決這一關(guān)鍵問題，教材采取了以下的教學步驟：1. 從實際中提出問題，如修建揚水站的實例，這一實例可歸結(jié)為已知RtΔ的一個銳角和斜邊求已知角的對邊的問題。顯然用勾股定理和直角三角形兩個銳角互余中的邊與邊或角與角的關(guān)系無法解出了，因此需要進一步來研究直角三角形中邊與角的相互關(guān)系。2. 教材又采取了從特殊到一般的研究方法利用學生的舊知識，以含30°、45°的直角三角形為例：揭示了直角三角形中一個銳角確定為30°時，那么這角的對邊與斜邊之比就確定比值為1：2。
北師大初中八年級數(shù)學下冊第一章復(fù)習教案
1．知識目標：在回顧與思考中建立本章的知識框架圖，復(fù)習有關(guān)定理的探索與證明，證明的思路和方法，尺規(guī)作圖等.2．能力目標：進一步體會證明的必要性，發(fā)展學生的初步的演繹推理能力；進一步掌握綜合法的證明方法，結(jié)合實例體會反證法的含義；提高學生用規(guī)范的數(shù)學語言表達論證過程的能力.3．情感價值觀要求通過積極參與數(shù)學學習活動，對數(shù)學的證明產(chǎn)生好奇心和求知欲，培養(yǎng)學生合作交流的能力，以及獨立思考的良好學習習慣.重點：通過例題的講解和課堂練習對所學知識進行復(fù)習鞏固難點：本章知識的綜合性應(yīng)用?！練w納總結(jié)】（1） 定義： 三條邊都相等 的三角形是等邊三角形。（2）性質(zhì)：①三個內(nèi)角都等于60度，三條邊都相等②具有等腰三角形的一切性質(zhì)。
四年級下冊《小英雄雨來》教案
1. 通過在教師指導下的獨立閱讀，初步理解內(nèi)容，學習小英雄雨來熱愛祖國、憎恨敵人、機智勇敢的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。2. 繼續(xù)練習用比較快的速度閱讀課文，讀后能說出每一部分的主要內(nèi)容。3. 練習給每一部分課文加小標題?！窘虒W重點、難點】用較快的速度閱讀課文，說出每一部分的主要內(nèi)容。【教學時間】1課時?！驹O(shè)計理念】本文雖是略讀課文，但由于篇幅較長，可以安排一課時完成。教學中要練習用比較快的速度閱讀課文，培養(yǎng)學生的自讀能力。先通讀課文，用比較快的速度默讀課文，了解雨來是哪里人，生活在哪個年代？為什么稱他是小英雄？大體了解課文主要講了什么。全文研讀時一部分一部分地閱讀、思考，特別重點理解我們是中國人，我們愛自己的祖國這句話。在全面理解課文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上給各部分加小標題。最后進行總結(jié)擴展：觀看情景??；建議學生找來管樺小說的原著讀一讀?！窘虒W過程】一、激發(fā)情感，釋題引疑1、課件演示：小雨來與鬼子斗爭的片斷。問：你們想認識這位小英雄嗎？2、出示課題：(1) 理解課題：齊讀課題你從中知道了什么？小——指的是雨來的年齡小，是一個少年。英雄——指的“是雨來的特點。雨來——課文中的主人公。課題表現(xiàn)出文章的中心——英雄。(2) 引導到學生質(zhì)疑：看到課題后，你還想知道什么？（為什么稱雨來是小英雄？）（從課文中的哪些地方可以看出雨來是一位小英雄？）
人教版新目標初中英語七年級下冊How was your weekend教案2篇
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學步驟、時間 教師活動 學生活動 媒體應(yīng)用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學們回答下列問題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時教師用漢語問：“在周末期間問你干了什么?這句話用英語這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書、學習)
人教版新目標初中英語七年級下冊What does he look like教案3篇
所需要用到的句子：Who is that?That is Jack. I like him.Why do you like him?I like him because he is interesting.Task 4: 設(shè)計理想中的人類Step one: 設(shè)計理想中的人類的外貌。把全班同學分成若干小組，學生可以邊說邊在紙上畫出他們的模樣。Step two: 設(shè)計理想中人類的性格。學生們可以把那些能描述性格的單詞寫在圖畫的旁邊。Step three: 每組選出一名同學，其他同組同學提問，他作簡單回答，并說明原因。所需用到的句子：What does he or she look like?He or she ...What is he or she like?He or she is ...Why?Because ...Task 5: 挑戰(zhàn)性活動調(diào)查性格是天生的還是后天形成的，讓每個同學回家去調(diào)查一下自己成長過程中性格是否有變化，具體是怎樣的，為什么會這樣？ Teaching Aims:1. Enable students to have a general understanding of how to talk about people's physical appearance.2. Enable students to tackle some essential vocabularies and patterns about describing people. Provide them with necessary skills and methods.3. Create various chances for students to describe the persons they're familiar with, such as classmates, family members, teachers, idols, etc.
人教版新目標初中英語七年級下冊I ’d like some noodles教案
教學過程Step 1: warming-up Sing a song---------“food and drink” Step 2: Revision1 Dictation2 Revise: What kind of noodles would you like?I’d like …What size bowl of noodles would you like?I’d like…Step 3: Presentation1 show pictures of food, ask students say the words.2 Students read the newspaper ad in 3a. Fill in blanks with words in the box. Then read the ad together, the teacher explains some difficult language points.3 Check the answers Step 4 PracticeAsk students to finish 3b in the same way according to 3a. Students read the short passage and fill in the blanks .At last, check the answers.Step 5 productionAsk students to write their own ad for dumplings, noodles, drinks, and other foods they know. Then ask students to read their partner’s ad. Then order food and drink from their partner.Step 6 Home workGroup work – make an ad about “food and drink”
人教版新目標初中英語七年級下冊It’s raining教案2篇
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學反思：新課程標準中強調(diào)學生在課堂中的主體地位，在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個活動中給不同程度的學生不同層次的任務(wù)，讓各層面的學生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機會，從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學，效果更好。同時讓了解其他國家風景，風俗的同學介紹ideal place，增加學生的背景知知識，實現(xiàn)跨學科交流的目的。教案點評：采用任務(wù)型教學模式，在各個活動中給不同程度的學生不同層次的任務(wù)，讓各層面的學生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機會，從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學，效果更好。讓了解其他國家風景，風俗的同學介紹ideal place，增加學生的背景知識，實現(xiàn)跨學科交流的目的。
人教版新目標初中英語七年級下冊What do you think of game shows教案
五、教學Section B-2c1. Pair work: What do you think of the belt/sunglasses/…? What does your father/mother/… think of your scarf/belt…?2. Group work（1）. Teacher shows some different kinds of school uniforms (制服)and asks : “ What do you think of your school uniforms? If you have a chance to choose your school uniforms, what kind would you like to choose?”（2）. Discuss in groups.（3）.Get some Ss to report in class.說明：這一步旨在讓學生運用已有的語言知識談?wù)搶κ挛锏目捶ê鸵庖姡⒑唵侮U明理由，培養(yǎng)學生的主動思維能力和運用英語的能力。六、教學拓展調(diào)查電視節(jié)目的收視率任務(wù)：調(diào)查你周圍的人對現(xiàn)在各種電視節(jié)目的反響。活動過程：1．教師布置任務(wù)，讓學生調(diào)查周圍的人（包括他的親戚朋友和鄰居）喜歡收看哪方面的電視節(jié)目。2．學生進行調(diào)查活動，運用本單元所學的句型What do you think of….? (Why?)What's your favorite game shows?What do you think of talk show?I doesn’t mind it.I like it.I love it.I can’t stand it.3．記錄下排在前10位的TV Program，填寫調(diào)查表，比較其收視率。
人教版新目標初中英語八年級下冊It’s a nice day, isn’t it教案2篇
"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好！歡迎你！請做一下自我介紹。認識一下你的新同學。”通常在課上老師會這樣說。你會說什么呢？“噢，不！”與陌生人談話太困難了。但是這也很有意思，并且你還能交到朋友。你該怎么做呢？閑聊。閑聊指得是禮貌的對話。“王楠是一個很棒的乒乓球運動員，不是嗎？”“我希望自己能認識她，你呢？“今年的雨水很多，不是嗎？”反意疑問句是一種禮貌用語。為了使得談話成功，你應(yīng)該知道怎樣去進行閑聊。你還應(yīng)該知道與不同的人該談?wù)撌裁礃拥脑掝}。認真的學習這個單元吧，下次在英語課上，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與大家展開談話是一件很容易的事情，不信我們來試試。)
人教版新目標初中英語八年級下冊He said I was hard-working教案2篇
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
人教版新目標初中英語八年級下冊Why don’t you get her a scarf教案
教師帶領(lǐng)學生復(fù)習有關(guān)描述寵物的詞匯，采用教師提問學生回答的方進行。如：T：What animals do you think would be good pets？What animals do you think would be bad pets？What do you think are good animals for a six-year-old child？然后學生進行 pairwork 練習。Task two: 師生互動，學習探究 1、播放3a部分的錄音，引導學生一邊聽錄音，一邊跟讀。2、通過聽錄音學生回答以下問題：Why do you think pot-bellied pigs are popular？What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet？教師對學生的回答進行及時點評。3．學習范文，學習重點短語，為下步的模仿寫作提供語言素材。T :1. )Have you ever kept a pig as a pet?Do you like pigs? St.:No.…Why don’t you like to keep a pig? St: No.They’re too dirty and lazy(Do you know in some foreign countries like Hollyland, Australia,pigs are the most popular pet.there’s a kind of pig.(圖)it has an interesting name? it ‘s called a pot-bellied pig.) Now,let’s learn an article about this kind of interesting pet.2.)play the tapeSt.:Listen and repeat3.)show some Qs on computer(本子St.: read silently,then answerthe Qs(本子)4.)Ask ss. Close book and retell this passage.(what is a pot-bellied pig? Is it a good or bad pet? ) St.: retell it to each other“A pot –bellied pig is a popular pet now…”5.read the article together.St.:.practice reading
人教版新目標初中英語九年級下冊By the time I got outside, the bus had already left教案
Ⅰ． Teaching Aims and Demands1． Knowledge Objects（1） Key Vocabularyoversleep（2） Target LanguageWhat happened?I overslept． And by the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower．2． Ability Objects（1） Teach the students to use the new words．（2） Train the students to narrate past events with the Past Perfect Tense．（3） Train the students' listening and speaking skills with the target language．3． Moral ObjectIt’s a good habit to go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning． So you’ll never be in a hurry in the morning．Ⅱ． Teaching Key Points1． Key Vocabularyoversleep2． Target LanguageNarrate past events with the Past Perfect TenseⅢ． Teaching Difficult Points1． Train the students to narrate past events with the Past Perfect Tense．2． Train the students to understand the target language in spoken conversation．Ⅳ． Teaching Methods1． Thinking of examples from the students' real lives．2． Making sentences by looking at the pictures．Ⅴ． Teaching AidA tape recorderⅥ． Teaching ProceduresStep I Revision1． Revise the language points in Unit 8．Ask some questions like this: What volunteer work would you like to do?Help the students to answer, I’d like to…/I love to…/I hope to2． Practice the dialogue in Activity 3c on page 62 again． Get students to role play the similar dialogues with the following．
人教版新目標初中英語九年級下冊Could you please tell me where the restrooms are教案
Step Ⅰ RevisionCheck homework． Ask a few students to read the article in 3a．Then ask a few students to read their guides．Step Ⅱ Part 1Look at the words in the box． Ask a student to read them． Make sure the students understand the meaning of the words． You are to fill in the blanks with the words． In some cases, students may need to use another form of the word, for example adjusting for tense or subject/ verb agreement．Ask students to fill in the blanks on their own．Check the answers． Step ⅢPart 2Go through the instructions with the class．Look at the example with the students．Ask students what the answer would be．Ask a student to read the question and answer it．Excuse me, could you tell me where the bank is, please?The bank is across the street from the shopping malt．Get students to complete the work in pairs．Check the answers． Ask a few students to read their questions．Step Ⅳ Just for Fun!Ask all the students to read the conversation． Ask: What is funny about this cartoon? Help students to explain． A Martian is a person from the planet Mars．There is no such thing as Martian food on Earth, and the clerk looks silly because he is trying to think of where there is a Martian restaurant．Invite some pairs of students to present this conversation to the rest of the class．Step Ⅴ Summary and HomeworkIn this class, we’ve done much writing practice using the key vocabulary words and the target language presented in this unit． After class, please finish the questions in 2 in your exercise books． Then finish the exercises on pages 47～48 of the workbook as well．The Seventh Period Ⅰ Teaching Aims and Demands1． Knowledge Objects（1） Key Vocabularyimage, adventure, jealousy, hero, crime, journey, brave, no longer, show interest in, take it easy, become interested in, plain looks（2）Text:Grown-ups like cartoons, too．2． Ability Objects（1） Fast-reading to get a general idea of the text．（2） Careful-reading to get the detailed information in the text．
人教版新目標初中英語九年級下冊You’re supposed to shake hands教案
教學目標：1. 掌握本單元一些重點詞匯的寫法和用法。2. 學會自如談?wù)摬妥蓝Y儀。Step 1 RevisionAsk some students to retell the customs at the table in France in the passage in 3a.Step 2 Self checkPart 1. Fill in each bland with the correct word given. Students do the exercises by themselves at first. Then check the answers. Ask the students to comprehend the sentences and help them point out uses of some words, like “arrive (at / in) sw., spend time / money on sth , spend time / money (in) doing sth.”Part 2. Read about Fan Ling’s experience in a western restaurant. Understand the passage. Point out some key points in the passage.1. be / get used to doing sth. 習慣做某事2. begin with = start with 以….開頭3. crowd v. 擠滿，塞滿 the crowd 人群 crowded adj. 擁擠的Then students discuss about how she would solve her problem. Ask some to share their stories with others.Part 3. Complete the crossword by looking at the sentences on the left. Then check the answers.
初中化學人教版九年級下冊《實驗活動7溶液酸堿性的檢驗》教案
1.自己選擇植物的花瓣(牽?；ā⒃录净?、蔬菜(紫卷心菜、胡蘿卜) 在研缽中搗爛，加入酒精(它有消毒作用，可使制得的指示劑長期 保存)浸泡，用紗布將浸泡出的汁液過濾或擠出，就得到指示劑， 2.把制好的指示劑裝入試劑瓶，貼上標簽備用。 把食醋、稀鹽酸、稀氫氧化鈉、澄清石灰水，分別滴在兩個 白色點滴板上，用石蕊、酚酞分別滴在上述溶液上，通過顏 色變化檢驗它們的酸堿性。 用玻璃棒分別蘸取上述溶液，滴在pH試紙上，然后對照標準 比色卡比較，得出pH值，也就是酸堿度。 把上述溶液滴在白色點滴板上，用滴管吸一下你自制的指示劑，滴在滴板的溶液里，觀察顏色變化，每用一種指示劑，換一下滴板的溶液。 把所得到顏色變色變化的信息和pH值數(shù)據(jù)填入教材第70頁的表中。 3.取少量土壤樣品，將土壤樣品與蒸餾水按1∶5的質(zhì)量比在燒杯中混合， 充分攪拌后靜置，用玻璃棒蘸澄清的液體，滴在pH試紙上，然后對照 標準比色卡記錄讀數(shù)。