Step 3: Read to sum upRead it again and sum up the problems of the three students, and then write down the advice that was given from others.Step 4: Work in pairs. List your learning problems in English and brainstorm some useful advice.Useful expressions ? I don't know how to…... Is a big difficulty for me. I cannot ...? You might try …. It's very important to…? I have no idea how/what .My biggest problem is .... ? I (also) have trouble with. My advice is …. This worked for me.? l cannot understand the teachers’ English in class.Step 5 Homework:為提高我校學(xué)生的英語口語水平,我們將舉辦英語演講比賽(English- speaking contest),請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面的信息,以學(xué)生會(huì)(the Students‘ Union)的名義寫一份海報(bào),歡迎全校同學(xué)參加,屆時(shí)特邀本校美籍教師史密斯先生頒獎(jiǎng)。? 報(bào)名時(shí)間 9月30日以前(報(bào)名:signup)? 報(bào)名地點(diǎn) 學(xué)生會(huì)辦公室? 比賽時(shí)間 10月9日晚7:00~9:00? 比賽地點(diǎn) 學(xué)校大會(huì)議室? 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) 前8名
Step 2 New WordsUse ppt to show some words from the passage.Tell the students to remember the meanings.Step3 Skimming and Thinking1. Skim the text and decide which order Han Jing follows to talk about her first day. Time order or place order?Time order2. What is Han Jing worried about before she goes to senior high school?She is worried about whether she will make new friends and if no one talks to her, what she should do.Step 4 Fast Reading1. Match the main ideas with each paragraphParagraph 1:The worries about the new school day Paragraph 2Han Jing’s first maths classParagraph 3Han Jing’s first chemistry classParagraph 4Han Jing’s feelings about her first senior school dayStep 5 Careful Reading1. Fill in the chart with the words and phrases about Han Jing’s day. Answers: Senior high school, a little nervous; Her first maths class, classmates and teachers, friendly and helpful; Chemistry lab; new; great; annoying guy; Confident; a lot to explore2. Read the text again and discuss the questions.1) Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school?Because she was a new senior high student and she was not outgoing. What was more, she was worried about whether she can make friends.2) How was her first maths class?It was difficult but the teacher was kind and friendly. 3) What happened in the chemistry class? What would you do if this happened to you? A guy next to Han Jing tried to talk with her and she couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考:定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用是什么? 關(guān)系詞有哪些?定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們?cè)谙刃性~和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用,同時(shí)在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
1.澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地域在生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)營(yíng)方式、科技應(yīng)用、農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)化和地域化等方面有哪些特點(diǎn)?2.在澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地 域形成的過程中,有哪些區(qū)位因素在起作用?學(xué)生發(fā)言,教師適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)、評(píng)點(diǎn)并作講解。[教師提問]:那么,澳大利亞的墨累—達(dá)令盆地的區(qū)位因素有什么不足之處?知識(shí)拓展:課件展示澳大利亞大分水嶺的雨影效應(yīng)的形成原理及東水西調(diào)示意圖。[教師講解]:澳大利亞東南部受大分水嶺的影響,降水集中于大分水嶺的東側(cè),在其西側(cè)形成山地的雨影效應(yīng),降水豐富地區(qū)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)地區(qū)分布不一致,灌溉成為澳大利亞農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展的限制性條件。因此,澳大利亞對(duì)水利工程建設(shè)很 重視,東水西調(diào)促進(jìn)了墨累—達(dá)令盆地農(nóng)牧業(yè)的發(fā)展。[課堂小結(jié)]:這節(jié)課我們學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位選擇的基本原理。 通過學(xué)習(xí)我們了解到,農(nóng)業(yè)的區(qū)位選擇實(shí)質(zhì)上就是對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)土地的合理利用。
1.用CAI課件模擬汽車的啟動(dòng)過程。師生共同討論:①如果作用在物體上的力為恒力,且物體以勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),則力對(duì)物體做功的功率保持不變。此情況下,任意一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的平均功率與任一瞬時(shí)的瞬時(shí)功率都是相同的。②很多動(dòng)力機(jī)器通常有一個(gè)額定功率,且通常使其在額定功率狀態(tài)工作(如汽車),根據(jù)P=FV可知:當(dāng)路面阻力較小時(shí),牽引力也小,速度大,即汽車可以跑得快些;當(dāng)路面阻力較大,或爬坡時(shí),需要比較大的牽引力,速度必須小。這就是爬坡時(shí)汽車換低速擋的道理。③如果動(dòng)力機(jī)器在實(shí)際功率小于額定功率的條件下工作,例如汽車剛剛起動(dòng)后的一段時(shí)間內(nèi),速度逐漸增大過程中,牽引力仍可增大,即F和v可以同時(shí)增大,但是這一情況應(yīng)以二者乘積等于額定功率為限度,即當(dāng)實(shí)際功率大于額定功率以后,這種情況不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
二、程朱理學(xué):1、宋代“理學(xué)”的產(chǎn)生:(1)含義:所謂“理學(xué)”,就是用“理學(xué)”一詞來指明當(dāng)時(shí)兩宋時(shí)期所呈現(xiàn)出來的儒學(xué)。廣義的理學(xué),泛指以討論天道問題為中心的整個(gè)哲學(xué)思潮,包括各種不同的學(xué)派;狹義的理學(xué),專指程顥、程頤、朱熹為代表的,以“理”為最高范疇的學(xué)說,稱為“程朱理學(xué)”。理學(xué)是北宋政治、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的理論表現(xiàn),是中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的結(jié)果,是批判佛、道學(xué)說的產(chǎn)物。他們把“理”或“天理”視作哲學(xué)的最高范疇,認(rèn)為理無所不在,不生不滅,不僅是世界的本原,也是社會(huì)生活的最高準(zhǔn)則。在窮理方法上,程顥“主靜”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“正心誠(chéng)意”;程頤“主敬”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“格物致知”。在人性論上,二程主張“去人欲,存天理”,并深入闡釋這一觀點(diǎn)使之更加系統(tǒng)化。二程學(xué)說的出現(xiàn),標(biāo)志著宋代“理學(xué)”思想體系的正式形成?!竞献魈骄俊克未袄韺W(xué)”興起的社會(huì)條件:
3.進(jìn)一步體會(huì)力是產(chǎn)生加速度的原因,并通過牛頓第二定律來理解勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)、變速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)及一般曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)的各自特點(diǎn)。(三)、情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀1.在實(shí)驗(yàn)中,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生動(dòng)手、探究的習(xí)慣。2.體會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義,感受成功的快樂,激發(fā)學(xué)生探究問題的熱情、樂于學(xué)習(xí)的品質(zhì)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1.體會(huì)牛頓第二定律在向心力上的應(yīng)用。2.明確向心力的意義、作用、公式及其變形,并經(jīng)行計(jì)算。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)1.對(duì)向心力的理解及來源的尋找。2.運(yùn)用向心力、向心加速度的知識(shí)解決圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)問題。教學(xué)過程(一)、 引入新課:復(fù)習(xí)提問:勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體的加速度——向心加速度,它的方向和大小有何特點(diǎn)呢?學(xué)生回答后進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo):那做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)物體的受力有什么特點(diǎn)呢?是什么力使物體做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)而不沿直線飛出?請(qǐng)同學(xué)們先閱讀教材
《普通高中語文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》關(guān)于“表達(dá)與交流”方面學(xué)生應(yīng)達(dá)到的目標(biāo)有如下的表述:“學(xué)會(huì)多角度地觀察生活,豐富生活經(jīng)歷和情感體驗(yàn),對(duì)自然、社會(huì)和人生有自己的感受和思考”,“進(jìn)一步提高記敘述、說明、描寫、議論、抒情等基本表達(dá)能力”。觀察、感受、思考是寫好作文的必要的積累與條件,而用最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言與形式傳達(dá)自己的所得則屬于“技巧”方面的范疇。教材“表達(dá)與交流”的編選采用的“話題探討—寫法借鑒—寫作練習(xí)”的體例,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是就某一話題訓(xùn)練某一方面的寫作能力,能使教與學(xué)具有較強(qiáng)的操作性,目標(biāo)更具體,也就是“既講‘寫什么’,又講‘怎么寫’”,能克服“純技術(shù)性訓(xùn)練”;不足在于容易造成教與學(xué)上的“只見樹木、不見森林”現(xiàn)象。要讓學(xué)生確實(shí)形成能力,舉一反三,老師的備課量非常之大,好在現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)達(dá),必修1和必修2還配了教案(不知為什么必修3和必修4沒有),總算應(yīng)對(duì)過來,因此,我在此所講的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)之類的,有許多不是我個(gè)人的,是別人的成果,特此聲明。
一、內(nèi)容與解析內(nèi)容:科普說明文《動(dòng)物游戲之謎》。解析:《動(dòng)物游戲之謎》是高中語文(必修)3第四單元的一篇科普說明文??茖W(xué)是人類認(rèn)識(shí)世界的重要工具,是人類文化的重要組成部分,是標(biāo)志人類文明的尺度。閱讀科普文章,可以啟迪心志,激發(fā)想象,帶領(lǐng)我們進(jìn)入全新的科學(xué)天地,在科學(xué)海洋中遨游。本文思路清晰,內(nèi)容生動(dòng),揭開了動(dòng)物日常游戲行為的神秘面紗,擺出研究者的種種結(jié)論,既讓我們擴(kuò)大了視野,增長(zhǎng)了知識(shí),也讓我們明白了科學(xué)探索永無止境。學(xué)習(xí)本文的重點(diǎn)是提高的科普文的閱讀能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生勤于探索、勇于鉆研的科學(xué)精神。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)及解析1、理清文章思路,明確本文的說明內(nèi)容和順序。2、品讀文章,感受本文的語言特色。3、激發(fā)探究興趣,培養(yǎng)篩選信息、提取要素及概括敘述的能力。4、挖掘人文內(nèi)涵,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生保護(hù)動(dòng)物的意識(shí)和勤于探索、勇于鉆研的科學(xué)精神。
三、制定實(shí)驗(yàn)方案的兩個(gè)問題:1.怎樣測(cè)量(或比較)物體的加速度:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考、討論并交流。學(xué)生可能會(huì)提出下面的一些方案:方法一:測(cè)出初速度為零的勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體在 時(shí)間內(nèi)的位移 ,則 ;方法二:在運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體上安裝一條打點(diǎn)計(jì)時(shí)器的紙帶,根據(jù)紙帶上打出的點(diǎn)來測(cè)量加速度;方法三:測(cè)出兩個(gè)初速度為零的勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體在相同的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的位移 、 ,則 ;方法四:測(cè)出兩個(gè)初速度為零的勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體在相同的位移內(nèi)所用的時(shí)間 、 ,則 ;2.怎樣提供并測(cè)量物體所受的恒力:教師提出:現(xiàn)實(shí)中,除了在真空中拋出或落下的物體(僅受重力)外,僅受一個(gè)力的物體幾乎是不存在的。然而,一個(gè)單獨(dú)的力作用效果與跟它大小、方向都相同的合力的作用效果是相同的,因此,實(shí)驗(yàn)中力 的含義指物體所受的合力。以在水平軌道上用繩牽引小車加速運(yùn)動(dòng)為例,小車受到四個(gè)力的作用,即重力、支持力、繩的拉力和軌道對(duì)小車的摩擦力(當(dāng)物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度比較小時(shí),我們可以忽略空氣的阻力)。
1.加速度與力的關(guān)系:實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本思路是保持物體的質(zhì)量不變,測(cè)量物體在不同的力的作用下的加速度,分析加速度與力的關(guān)系。有了實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本思路,接下去我們就要準(zhǔn)備實(shí)驗(yàn)器材,以及為記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)而設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)表格。為了更直觀地判斷加速度與力的數(shù)量關(guān)系,我們以 為縱坐標(biāo)、 為橫坐標(biāo)建立坐標(biāo)系,根據(jù)各組數(shù)據(jù)在坐標(biāo)系中描點(diǎn)。如果這些點(diǎn)在一條過原點(diǎn)的直線上,說明 與 成正比,如果不是這樣,則需進(jìn)一步分析。2.加速度與質(zhì)量的關(guān)系:實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本思路是保持物體所受力不變,測(cè)量不同質(zhì)量的物體在該力作用下的加速度,分析加速度與質(zhì)量的關(guān)系。有了實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本思路,接下去我們就要準(zhǔn)備實(shí)驗(yàn)器材,以及為記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)而設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)表格。為了更直觀地判斷加速度與質(zhì)量的數(shù)量關(guān)系,我們以 為縱坐標(biāo)、 為橫坐標(biāo)建立坐標(biāo)系,根據(jù)各組數(shù)據(jù)在坐標(biāo)系中描點(diǎn),根據(jù)擬合的曲線形狀,初步判斷 與 的關(guān)系是反比例函數(shù)。再把 圖像改畫為 圖像,如果是一條過原點(diǎn)的斜直線,說明自己的猜測(cè)是否正確。
1、教師先演示投影:把小鋼珠放在黑墨水瓶蓋里轉(zhuǎn)一下(內(nèi)有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)墨水),再放在半圓形有機(jī)玻璃軌道上運(yùn)動(dòng)并飛出,讓鋼珠在白紙上留下痕跡,同樣在3/5半圓周,4/5半圓周上運(yùn)動(dòng)飛出,讓學(xué)生猜測(cè)飛出方向由什么特點(diǎn)?(有機(jī)玻璃板說明:厚約5毫米,略小于小鋼珠直徑,圓弧半徑15厘米,MN邊稍長(zhǎng)些,以便過MN做直線,根據(jù)半徑大小確定圓心O位置。)學(xué)生猜想:切線方向師:已知圓弧半徑為15厘米。如何驗(yàn)證?請(qǐng)用幾何方法作圖驗(yàn)證。生:標(biāo)出飛出點(diǎn)和圓心,做圓心和飛出點(diǎn)的連線,用量角尺量出該連線和飛出軌跡直線的夾角,是否90度。2、再分組實(shí)驗(yàn),提醒同桌配合,小心鋼珠滾跑。實(shí)驗(yàn)完畢,要求作圖驗(yàn)證,并互相討論交流。3、交流和結(jié)論:師:要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生得出正確的科學(xué)結(jié)論:“圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體的速度方向?yàn)樵擖c(diǎn)的切線方向”,而不能直接得出“曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)的的物體速度方向?yàn)樵擖c(diǎn)的切線方向”。
《勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)》為高中物理必修2第五章第4節(jié).它是學(xué)生在充分掌握了曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律和曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)問題的處理方法后,接觸到的又一個(gè)美麗的曲線運(yùn)動(dòng),本節(jié)內(nèi)容作為該章節(jié)的重要部分,主要要向?qū)W生介紹描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的幾個(gè)基本概念,為后繼的學(xué)習(xí)打下一個(gè)良好的基礎(chǔ)。人教版教材有一個(gè)的特點(diǎn)就是以實(shí)驗(yàn)事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ),讓學(xué)生得出感性認(rèn)識(shí),再通過理論分析總結(jié)出規(guī)律,從而形成理性認(rèn)識(shí)。教科書在列舉了生活中了一些圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)情景后,通過觀察自行車大齒輪、小齒輪、后輪的關(guān)聯(lián)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),提出了描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的問題。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識(shí)與技能①知道什么是圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)、什么是勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。理解線速度的概念;理解角速度和周期的概念,會(huì)用它們的公式進(jìn)行計(jì)算。②理解線速度、角速度、周期之間的關(guān)系:v=rω=2πr/T。③理解勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)是變速運(yùn)動(dòng)。④能夠用勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的有關(guān)公式分析和解決具體情景中的問題。
知識(shí)與技能1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生初步掌握稱謂語、禁忌語、委婉語等交際語言;2、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)具體的語境條件運(yùn)用不同的交際語言,達(dá)到交際目的。過程與方法1、通過故事或習(xí)題分析,掌握有關(guān)交際語言的一些知識(shí);2、講練結(jié)合,有所積累。情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀點(diǎn)燃學(xué)生繼承中華傳統(tǒng)文化的熱情,以得體的交際語言營(yíng)造良好的人際環(huán)境。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)根據(jù)交際中運(yùn)用語言的要求,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)不同的語境條件恰當(dāng)?shù)乇砬檫_(dá)意。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)通過課內(nèi)探索延伸至課外,積累關(guān)于交際中的語言運(yùn)用的一些知識(shí)。教學(xué)課時(shí):一課時(shí)教學(xué)過程一、導(dǎo)入利用一道口語交際訓(xùn)練題引入本節(jié)課要探究的內(nèi)容。例1:下面的場(chǎng)合,如果班長(zhǎng)既想達(dá)到批評(píng)的目的,又想把話說得委婉些,表達(dá)恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是(C)小李和小楊,為了一點(diǎn)小事,兩人自習(xí)課上大聲地爭(zhēng)吵起來。這時(shí),班長(zhǎng)說:A、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,影響很壞。B、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,難道不感到羞恥吧?
四、學(xué)情分析本課的概念、原理很抽象,學(xué)生的認(rèn)知能力及社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)有限,應(yīng)注意從以下幾個(gè)方面加以引導(dǎo)。1.澄清概念。本課涉及多個(gè)歷史唯物主義的基本概念,如社會(huì)存在、社會(huì)意識(shí)、生產(chǎn)方式、生產(chǎn)力、生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、上層建筑、革命、改革等。學(xué)生要準(zhǔn)確深刻地掌握所學(xué)知識(shí),首先就要對(duì)這些概念的內(nèi)涵有比較明確的理解,因此,澄清概念既是學(xué)習(xí)本課的重要任務(wù),也是學(xué)習(xí)本課的重要方法。2.觀察生活。在學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)存在與社會(huì)意識(shí)的辯證關(guān)系原理時(shí),學(xué)生可以從觀察自己身邊的生活入手,看看自己身邊各種意識(shí)現(xiàn)象背后的物質(zhì)原因是什么。比如,民間流傳的神話、人們信仰的宗教、社會(huì)價(jià)值觀的變化等現(xiàn)象背后的物質(zhì)原因是什么?同時(shí),看看這些意識(shí)現(xiàn)象對(duì)人們行為和社會(huì)發(fā)展又有哪些能動(dòng)的影響。
2004年的雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,孔令輝獲得冠軍時(shí)忘情地親吻胸前的國(guó)徽時(shí),王軍霞奪得金牌后激動(dòng)的身披國(guó)旗繞運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)奔跑時(shí),我們的淚水也會(huì)與領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)上以手撫著胸前國(guó)徽高唱國(guó)歌的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的熱淚一起落下。為了看體育比賽,我們甚至不惜守候到半夜而無怨無悔。在半夜看比賽時(shí),我總在想:是什么讓我們“為伊消得人憔悴”,為什么“總有一種力量讓人淚流滿面”?,F(xiàn)在我有了答案:那是一種奧林匹克精神在激勵(lì)著我們,在提升著我們。奧林匹克精神的內(nèi)涵是豐富的。國(guó)際奧委會(huì)主席羅格在其就任宣言中指出:“奧林匹克的格言是更快、更高、更強(qiáng)。在新世紀(jì)來臨的時(shí)候,或許對(duì)體育來講需要新的格言,那就是更干凈、更人性、更團(tuán)結(jié)?!?奧林匹克精神讓我們振奮,今天我們就來學(xué)習(xí)這篇課文《慶祝奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)復(fù)興25周年》。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):知識(shí)與能力:掌握皇帝制度建立的條件、主要內(nèi)容、特征和歷史影響;掌握秦朝三公九卿的設(shè)置和職責(zé),評(píng)價(jià)秦中央官制的特征和影響;掌握秦朝郡縣制全面推行的背景、概況和影響;分析理解秦朝中央集權(quán)制度的創(chuàng)立,對(duì)秦朝及后世歷史發(fā)展起到的積極作用和負(fù)面影響。分析中央集權(quán)制度對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的作用及影響過程與方法:(1)歷史插圖學(xué)習(xí)法:利用人物畫像,文物圖片,歷史專題片,感知?dú)v史表象,再造歷史形象,對(duì)歷史人物加深記憶和理解。(2)閱讀法、討論法、繪制示意圖法(3)評(píng)價(jià)人物和事件的方法:情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:(1)秦的統(tǒng)一結(jié)束了春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)以來諸侯割據(jù)稱雄的分裂局面,為我國(guó)統(tǒng)一多民族國(guó)家的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ),符合歷史發(fā)展的要求和人民的愿望,大一統(tǒng)思想從此深入人心。